PRC PDA: Training Program on Water Tariff Reform and Peer-to-Peer Learning Process for Rural Environmental Health and Sanitation Awareness (Inception Report)

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Training on Water Tariff Reform,

Environmental Health and Hygiene

Awareness

Inception Report

Ying Xiguo

Yang Jun

12 March 2012

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guaranteethe accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use.Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.



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Part I Analysis on the Current Situation of the RuralEnvironmental Health, Hygiene Awarenessand Water Tariff in the Project Areas



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Content

1. The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental Health and Hygiene

Awareness in Yunyang and Youyang

1.1 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental Health And Hygiene

Awareness in Yunyang County

1.1.1 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Tariff in Yunyang County

1.1.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in Yunyang

County

1.1.3 The Current Situation Of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in Yunyang

County1.1.4 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Yunyang County

1.2 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental Health and Hygiene

Awareness in Youyang County

1.2.1 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Tariff in Youyang County

1.2.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in Youyang

County

1.2.3 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in Youyang

County

1.2.4 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Youyang County



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1. The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental

Health and Hygiene Awareness in Yunyang and Youyang

In order to analyze the current situation and the major problems of the water tariff,

environmental health and hygiene awareness in the project area, a research team

was set up by the consultants in November, 2011 and conducted a site visit and

survey in 5 villages of Yunyang and Youyang. The main research subjects are local

villagers and the main method is face to face interview. At last, 204 questionnaires

have been collected. So the description of the current situation of the Yunyang and

Youyang is based on the statistics of this survey.

1.1 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff, Environmental Health and

Hygiene Awareness in Yunyang CountyYunyang is located at the core zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Northeast

Chongqing, and also the center of four big counties or districts , namely Wanzhou

district, Yunyang county, Kaixian county and Fengjie county. It is an important hub

linking the eco-economic corridor of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The downtown of

Yunyang is 310 km (express way) away from the Chongqing city proper, and 291 km

(waterway) away from Yichang in Hubei province. The total area of the county is 3,649

km2, among which 60,679 hectares are arable land. Till 2010, the county has 22

towns, 16 villages and 4 sub-district offices. The total population is 1.3421 million,including 1.1443 million agricultural populations and 197.8 thousand non-agricultural

populations, with a population density of 368 people per square kilometer.

1.1.1 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Tariff in Yunyang County

(1) The Water Tariff in Yunyang County

Many of the town/township residents have access to tap water now. And

according to the survey, in most of these towns/townships, the water tariff is between

1.50-2.00 Yuan per ton. Only very few towns/townships has a low water tariff of 1.20

Yuan per ton, or a high water tariff of 2.50 Yuan per ton. As a whole, the water tariff is

relatively low while the water supply cost is relatively high in Yunyang county, which

leads to a great deficit for the water supply enterprises. In 2009, the average water

tariff of the whole county was 1.80 Yuan per ton; however, the average water supply

cost was 4.40 Yuan per ton, so there was a loss of 2.50 Yuan per ton.

(2) The Affordability of the Water Tariff in Yunyang County

According to the survey, most of the residents are satisfied with the relatively low

water tariff in Yunyang county. The Chart 1-1 shows the residents’ degree of

satisfaction for the water tariff in Yunyang county. 75.6% of the residents are satisfied



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with the current water tariff, and only 2.4% of the residents think the current water tariff

is unreasonable. The reason of the high satisfaction is that the spending on drinking

water takes not so much share in their total incomes, so they have strong willing and

capacity to pay. Take 2009 as an example, the average water tariff in Yunyang was

1.80 Yuan per ton, while the per capita GDP in Yunyang was 7366 Yuan, so we can

see that the water tariff was relatively reasonable in this county, the share of spending

on water was relatively low in their total incomes.

Chart 1-1 The Degree of Satisfaction on the Water Tariff In Yunyang County

(3) The Water Tariff Collection Rate in Yunyang County

The survey shows that the water tariff collection rate is relatively high in Yunyang

due to the low water tariff and high acceptance. For some disadvantaged groups such

as families which have no economic income or disabled people, the government will

support them by exempting their basic living water tariff after confirmation.

(4) The Subsidies on the Water Tariff

In order to reduce the deficit of the water supply enterprises and ensure the water

quality of the domestic water, the Yunyang government provides subsidies on the

water tariff. Based on the communication with the local government officials, we

noticed that the subsidies went to the following aspects: (a) The operation of the water

supply project, and the running and maintenance of the water supply infrastructure.

Because these infrastructures are public owned, the government provides fiscal

subsidies to support the operation of these water supply project. (b) The wages of the

water users. In order to safeguard the living condition of the local residents, the

government has provided the water tariff subsidies for their wages to ease their



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economic burdens.

(5) The Key Factors Contributing to the Water Tariff

Water tariff is the reflection of the value of the water. The water tariff is comprised

of three factors, namely, resources water charges, engineering water charges and the

environmental water charges. (a) The resources water charges reflect the rareness

and the property right of the water resources. And these are what we usually call the

charges on water resources, which mean selling the rights to use water. And the

charges varied according to different water sources, different seasons or different

usages. (b) The engineering water charges reflect the production costs and property

income from the water resources, which mean selling the quantity and quality of the

water body. This kind of charges mainly refers to the direct payment, direct material

costs, other direct spending as well as the depreciation costs, the repairing costs and

the water resources costs of the fixed assets, and also include the selling costs,

management costs, financial costs, interest expense and taxes under the national tax

laws and regulations for organizing and managing the water production and operation,

as well as the reasonable profit for the water management units by producing and

operating the water supply. (c) The environmental water charges refer to the external

costs of treating the water, mainly the waste water treatment fees, which mean selling

the environmental capacity. This kind of charges also includes the charge on water

pollution, charge on pollutant discharge etc. Because the construction of the rural

drinking water safety project has a high cost, thus the water tariff in rural area is 1 to 2Yuan more expensive than that in the urban areas for one ton.

Based on the above theoretical analysis and the survey in Yunyang, the major

contributors to the water tariff in Yunyang are: (a) The cost of the water supply

infrastructure and the hardware, which is the biggest contributor to the water tariff in

Yunyang. So in order to provide safe drinking water to the rural residents, the

government and the water supply enterprises spent much efforts and capital on the

improvement of water supply infrastructure. Thus a reasonable water tariff must be

set to recover the cost. (b) The wages of the water supply employees. The rural safe

drinking water project requires a large amount of facilities and equipment as well as a

lot labors for construction, monitoring and maintenance, so their wages should also be

included into the cost of the water supply. (c) The maintenance cost of the water

supply facilities. Once the towns/townships have access to the tap water, the related

equipment and facilities need necessary maintenance and repairing, which would

bring much investment. And this becomes another contributor.

(6) The Impact on Water Conservation from the Current Water Tariff

The survey shows that the low water tariff has a very limited impact on water

conservation in Yunyang county. On one hand, the tap water provides a more



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convenient way of accessing to the water than the previous well or spring water, thus

also brings an increase of the water consumption. On the other hand, the low water

tariff plus the governmental subsidies make the water conservation activities very

difficult to implement. In addition, in some towns/townships which newly access to the

tap water, the statistics of the water use amount is not so standardized, which may

lead to a large amount of waste.

(7) The Intention of Water Tariff Reform

Because the water tariff in Yunyang is relatively low, in order to realize the

sustainable development of the rural safe drinking water in the county, the county

government intends to raise the water tariff within a reasonable range to meet the

demand of the residents and save the cost as well as conserve the water resources.

This reform is necessary because of the following two reasons: first is that the water

supply enterprises in Yunyang are in great deficit, even with the governmental

subsidies; second is that the low water tariff leads to a lot of waste, and this is another

important reason.

1.1.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in

Yunyang County

Yunyang county is a mountainous area where the karst landforms are distributed

widely and the number of ponds or reservoirs is very limited, meanwhile the poor

people are very centralized, which brings a severe challenge for the rural safedrinking water. The statistics of the rural drinking water shows that: there are 658.3

thousand people cannot access to the safe drinking water, accounts for 57.53% of the

total rural population. Among them, 123.2 thousand people (18.71% of the population

cannot have the safe drinking water) cannot have meeting-the-standard quality

drinking water, while 137.3 thousand people (20.86%) cannot have enough quantity of

drinking water, 153.3 thousand people (23.29%)cannot have a convenient access to

drinking water, and 244.5 thousand people(37.14%)cannot have qualified water

source guarantee rate. The quality related water shortage co-exists with the quantity

related water shortage. Since 1985, the 62 existing rural centralized water supply

projects, most of which were built in the late 1980s and early 1990s, are suffering from

the aging of the equipment, the backward technology and the severe corroded

pipelines. Two thirds of them need upgrading.

The health monitoring institution under Yunyang Health Bureau has monitored 51

water supply units, among which 11 were qualified, 11 were part indexes disqualified,

and 29 were disqualified. 15 of them have excessive bacteria, 29 of them have

excessive coliform groups, and 29 of them have excessive thermo-tolerant coliform

groups. As a whole, the water quality in Yunyang county is relatively better than those



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heavy polluted water sources. That means the water pollution is not severe in

Yunyang, but the water in Yunyang has its own problem, that is the high hardness of

water. According to the monitoring result of the Kucaotuo section in Yunyang, the

water quality classification of Yunyang county is Class II, without excessive pollutant

in the water body. In 2010, the quality related water shortage co-exists with the

quantity related water shortage in Yunyang county, and 492.1 thousand people cannot

access to the safe drinking water, accounts for 43.92% of the total population in the

whole county.

The survey conducted this time shows that there are two major problems lying in

the rural drinking water safety in Yunyang: One is the backward of the water supply

infrastructure and the lack of financial and labor support, which have posed a great

challenge for the rural residents to have the safe drinking water; and another one is

that the lack of hygiene awareness among the rural people. Because many young

people went out for work, most of the rural residents are left-over children or elderly

people, thus makes it very difficult to spread and popularize the drinking water

hygiene awareness in these areas.

1.1.3 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in

Yunyang County

Because the education for rural residents is limited, the drinking water awareness

in Yunyang county is relatively weak. The Chart 1-2 is the survey result, it shows thatthe rural residents know only a little about their surrounding environmental hygiene,

only 5.6% of the people have a clear idea about their surrounding environment, while

most of the agricultural workers know only a little or even do not care. However, most

of the residents have followed the call of the government and showed great

enthusiasm towards the rural safe drinking water supply project. This reflects the

progress of the society and the strengthened hygiene awareness among the local

residents. The related governmental agencies shall seize this opportunity to spread

and popularize the awareness of safe drinking water and strengthen the hygiene

awareness among the rural residents.



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Chart 1-2 The awareness condition of the environmental hygiene among the rural

residents in Yunyang county

The residents’ awareness of protecting the local water source is also relative

weak, many of them discharge their domestic sewage into the river directly and many

people wash their clothes or agricultural chemical irrigation facilities in the river, which

brings a great risk of pollution to the water source. Therefore, trainings for the local

residents are necessary to strengthen their awareness of protecting the water source.

And Yunyang’s economy is relatively underdeveloped, thus many young people

choose to work outside, leaving the children and women at home. Therefore,

increasing the awareness among the children and women is of vital importance for

protecting the local water source as well as promoting the rural safe drinking water

project. So the local government shall organize more training for the children and

women to strengthen their awareness on water environment and hygiene.

1.1.4 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Yunyang County

(1) The Process of the Rural Drinking Water Safety Work in Yunyang County

In 2009, during the process of the drinking water safety work, the Yunyang county

had stick to the principles of standardized construction, professionalized management,

scaled development, commercialized operation, and market-oriented financing, and

had achieved great success. In Yunyang, 285 rural drinking water supply sites had

been newly constructed, which had solved the problem of the drinking water safety for

390 thousand people.

A. Standardized Construction

In order to achieve the standardized construction, Yunyang county has adopted

the scientific planning to justify the water source, and tried best to solve the problem



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of rural drinking water supply by using the natural flow water source and extending the

existing water supply network. In the engineering design, they gave priority to the

standard drawings issued by the municipal Water Bureau, and engaged the

specialists from the Three Gorges Design Institutes to optimize the design for

above-the-scale water supply projects. At the same time, all the construction of the

water supply projects are under strict rules, every project has the site supervision.

Nine patrol inspection teams were formed by the backbone engineers with their

names published to increase their sense of responsibility. During the construction,

they also paid much attention to the matching facilities construction and greening of

the environment, so as to build every water plant into a small garden.

B. Professionalized Management

First is the professionalized capital management. Yunyang always emphasizes

the capital management and carried out The Management Methods of the Special

Fund for Water Supply Construction in Yunyang County and The Management

Methods of the Village Level Drinking Water Projects in Yunyang County

consecutively. All the project funds are saved, managed and used specially. Second is

the professionalized quality management. In the construction management, the

concept of life-long responsibility is brought in, so that every project has a clear quality

responsible person and a strict technical standard. And they also set up an

information disclosure system for the pre-construction, during-construction and

post-construction periods and welcomed the public supervising. Third is theprofessionalized operation management. All the projects were managed by different

professional management teams according to different sectors and scale. All the

management personnel shall have the qualification and the certification.

C. Scaled Development

After the scientific planning and justification, Yunyang has conducted some

backbone water supply projects in some chosen key areas, which not only solved the

water supply problem that hinders the local socio-economic development, but also

realized good economic benefits by scale management. E.g. the Bailong water supply

station not only solved the drinking water safety problem for the whole town, but also

for another 6000 people in the 7 nearby villages. The same situation is also found in

Yuhaoyu water supply station.

D. Commercialized Operation

First is setting up the share-holding company by the water supply projects in the

economic developed regions, which would operate in line with the modern enterprise

system that includes independent operation, independent accounting and full

responsibility for the success of the business. Second is setting up a state-owned

company by the Water Resource Bureau to manage the town-based water supply



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stations as a whole. Today, this company has 79 staff and manages 18 town-based

water supply stations, with annual revenue of 10 million Yuan. Third is setting up the

rural water user association to manage those independent village-level water supply

projects. The association members and management personnel were elected with the

principal of “determine by discussion”, and they would discuss the water tariff

collection standard, set the management regulations and maintain the regular

operation of the association.

E. Market-oriented Financing

At the same time of applying the national special fund for drinking water safety,

Yunyang county has spared no effort on raising the construction fund with

market-oriented and multi-channel methods. First is applying the counter fund. They

have arranged the special counter fund of 1million Yuan every year for the safe

drinking water. Second is financing the finance institutes to get the special fund to

support the water supply construction. Third is absorbing 6.53 million Yuan social

capital by shareholding reform, and raising 7.08 million Yuan by mobilizing the benefit

villages and people.

(2) The Working Plan for Rural Drinking Water Safety in Yunyang County during the

Twelfth Five Year Plan

Based on the spirit of the municipal meeting on the construction of farmland

irrigation and water conservancy and the actual conditions of the county, Yunyang has

carried out the key projects for the rural drinking water in 2011, with a focus on theurban-rural integration. And 45 village-level water supply projects have been

constructed in this year, which has solved the safe drinking water problem for 150

thousand local residents. This construction has laid a solid foundation for promoting

the local rural economy and increasing the income for the agricultural workers.

Inspired by the No.1 document of the central government, the county has carried

on its large investment on the water conservancy, with a total proposed investment of

677 million Yuan. From January to August, the utilized investment on water

conservancy is 442 million Yuan, accounting for 65.3% of the total investment plan.

There are two light spots in this achievement: one is the speeding up of the key

projects and the drinking water safety project. The construction of the Meifeng

reservoir and Gaixiaba hydropower station has been sped up, 64% and 63% of the

total investment have been accomplished respectively. And 25 town/village-based

centralized water supply projects, such as Huangshi, Renhe or Houye and 53 drinking

water safety projects have been newly built or upgraded, and 512 km pipelines have

been installed, all of which have solved the drinking water safety problem for 105

thousand rural people, accounting for 78% of the yearly plan. The Biaocao village

water supply project, the Tongxin reservoir have been listed as the municipal plan and



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the southwest backbone water source plan respectively, and the Dayang

Huangbogou reservoir is trying to be listed in the municipal plan. Another light spot is

the rapid development of the key counties of small scale irrigation and drainage. 11

villages in 4 towns/townships (Huangshi, Fengming, Panlong and Shuangjiang) have

witnessed the rapid development of the small scale irrigation and drainage, and the

task of building the key county of the small scale irrigation and drainage has

completed. Another 10 million Yuan has been invested on the water supply for the

Huangshi and Zhongwan village orange park of Huangshi town, 4.5 million Yuan for

the 1000 mu cemetery, and 2 million Yuan for the Fengming bull farm and Panlong

beef cattle farm.

During the 12th Five Year Plan, the working focus will be the improvement of

people’s living hood and the construction of the drinking water safety project. They

planned to see the completion of the Meifeng reservoir construction, the

commencement of the Qingshan reservoir construction and the draft design or even

the construction commencement of the Xingfu reservoir. They will newly build or

upgrade 25 small scale reservoirs and 2 connection projects to increase the water

supply guarantee rate. With the principle and methods of “centralized first, distributed

later”, “important first and normal later” and “push by the whole towns/townships”, they

will newly build or upgrade 250 urban-rural centralized drinking water safety projects

to meet the water demand of 500 thousand people. They will spare no efforts to have

a 95% attainment rate for the rural drinking water safety, and a 95% water guaranteerate.

1.2 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff, Environmental

Health and Hygiene Awareness in Youyang County

Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County is located at the conjunction of 4

provinces/municipality, they are Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou. To the east,

it is Longshan county of Hunan; to the south, they are Xiushan county of Chongqing,

Songtao and Yinjiang counties of Guizhou; to the west, they are Yanhe county of

Guizhou; to the northwest, it is Pengshui county; to the north, they are Qianjiang

county of Chongqing and Xianfeng and Laifeng counties of Hubei. It is 98.3 km from

the east to the west and 119.7 km from the north to the south. It covers an area of

5173 km2, making it the largest county in Chongqing with great potential for

development. The county covers 14 towns and 24 townships, as well as 278 villages

(including 8 communities). The total population of the county is 808 thousand,

including agricultural population of 722.4 thousand and non-agricultural population of

85.6 thousand. There are more than 50 rivers in the county, 21 of which have the

catchment area more than 50 km2. These rivers can be divided into Yuanjiang water



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system and Wujiang water system. The major rivers are Apengjiang River, Ganlong

River and Youshui River.

1.2.1 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff in Youyang County

(1) The Water Tariff in Youyang County

The survey shows that Youyang has an even cheaper water tariff than Yunyang

county. The average water tariff in Youyang county is 1.5 Yuan per ton. The gap

between the water tariffs of the two counties also reflects their economic gap.

Youyang is more remote than Yunyang geologically, so it would have a higher cost of

water supply than Yunyang. Therefore, the low water tariff and the high costs make it

more likely for the water supply enterprises in Youyang to have more severe deficit.

(2) The Affordability of the Water Tariff in Youyang County

According to the survey, most of the residents are satisfied with the low water

tariff in Youyang county. Because Youyang has an even lower water tariff, the degree

of satisfaction is relatively high among the local residents. The Chart 1-3 shows the

residents’ degree of satisfaction for the water tariff in Youyang county, only 2% of the

residents are not satisfied with the current water tariff. Take 2009 as an example, the

average water tariff in Youyang was 1.5 Yuan per ton, while the per capita GDP in

Youyang was 8323 Yuan, so we can see that the share of spending on water was

relatively low in the total incomes of the local residents, and their willingness and

affordability are relatively optimistic.

Chart 1-3 The degree of satisfaction on the water tariff in Youyang county

(3) The Water Tariff Collection Rate in Youyang County

The survey shows that the water tariff collection rate in Youyang is even higher

than Yunyang due to the lower water tariff and high acceptance. Because Youyang is

an ethnic minority concentrated county, the government has provided many



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preferential policies for the local people. For some disadvantaged groups such as

families which have no economic income or disabled people, the government will

support them by exempting or postponing their basic living water tariff after

confirmation.

(4) The Subsidies on the Water Tariff

In order to reduce the deficit of the water supply enterprises and ensure the water

quality of the domestic water, the Youyang government provides subsidies on the

water tariff. Based on the communication with the local government officials, we

noticed that the subsidies went to the following two aspects: (a) The operation of the

water supply project, and the running and maintenance of the water supply

infrastructure. Because these infrastructures are public owned, the government

provides fiscal subsidies to support the operation of these water supply project. (b)

The wages of the water users. In order to safeguard the living condition of the local

residents, the government has provided the water tariff subsidies for their wages to

ease their economic burdens.

(5) The Key Factors Contributing to the Water Tariff

The water tariff is comprised of three factors, namely, resources water charges,

engineering water charges and the environmental water charges. Based on the above

theoretical analysis and the survey in Youyang, the major contributors to the water

tariff in Youyang are: (a) The cost of the water supply infrastructure and the hardware,

which is the biggest contributor to the water tariff in Youyang. So in order to providesafe drinking water to the rural residents, the government and the water supply

enterprises spent much efforts and capital on the improvement of water supply

infrastructure. (b) The wages of the water supply employees. The rural safe drinking

water project requires a large amount of facilities and equipment as well as a lot

labors for construction, monitoring and maintenance, so their wages should also be

included into the cost of the water supply. (c) The maintenance cost of the water

supply facilities. Once the towns/townships have access to the tap water, the related

equipment and facilities need necessary maintenance and repairing, which would

bring much investment. And this becomes another contributor.

(6) The Impact on Water Conservation from the Current Water Tariff

The survey shows that the low water tariff has a very limited impact on water

conservation in Youyang county. On one hand, the low water tariff plus the

governmental subsidies have increased the people’s affordability, which makes the

water conservation activities very difficult to implement. On the other hand, the tap

water provides a more convenient way of accessing to the water than the previous

well or spring water, thus also brings an increase of the water consumption or even

leads to a large amount of waste.



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(7) The Intention of the Water Tariff Reform

Because the water tariff in Youyang is relatively low, in order to realize the

sustainable development of the rural safe drinking water in the county, the county

government intends to raise the water tariff within a reasonable range to meet the

demand of the residents and save the cost as well as conserve the water resources.

1.2.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in

Youyang County

Yunyang county has more than 30 towns/townships, 266 villages and 1,775

groups. The statistics of the rural drinking water shows that: there are 374.2 thousand

people cannot access to the safe drinking water. Among them, 30.33 thousand people

cannot have meeting-the-standard quality drinking water, while 30.2 thousand people

cannot have enough quantity of drinking water, 250.8 thousand people cannot have a

convenient access to drinking water, and 59.9 thousand people cannot have qualified

water source guarantee rate of 90%. According to the monitoring result of 2011 in

Wanmu section, the water quality classification of Youyang county is Class I. The

main pollutant in the water body is total phosphorus, coming from the city domestic

waste water and the rural area-source pollution.

The survey conducted this time shows that there are two major problems lying in

the rural drinking water safety in Youyang: One is the lack of hygiene awareness

among the rural people. The disorder discharge of the waste water has broughtpollution to the local water source; and another one is the backward of the water

supply infrastructure and the lack of financial and labor support, which have also

posed a great challenge for the rural residents to have the safe drinking water.

1.2.3 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in

Youyang County

The Chart 1-2 is the survey result in Youyang, it shows that the rural residents

know only a little about their surrounding environmental hygiene, only a few people

have a clear idea about their surrounding environment, while most of the people know

only a little or even do not care, which makes it difficult to spread and popularize the

hygiene awareness among them.



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Chart 1-4 The awareness condition of the environmental hygiene among the rural

residents in Youyang county

Because Youyang is an ethnic minority concentrated county, its economy is

relatively underdeveloped, and many young people choose to work outside, leaving

the children and women at home. Therefore, increasing the awareness of the children

and women is of vital importance for protecting the local water source as well as

promoting the rural safe drinking water project. So the local government shall

organize more training for the children and women to strengthen their awareness on

water environment and hygiene.

1.2.5 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Youyang County(1) The Work of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Recent Year

During the “11th five year plan”, Youyang county had witnessed the largest and

most rewarding investment on the water conservancy construction. The completed

investment on water conservancy and hydro power accumulated to 2.568 billion Yuan,

an increase of 1.834 billion than that of the “10th five year plan” (734 million Yuan).

The urban and rural drinking water safety construction has also achieved great

success. The completion of the newly-built or upgraded centralized water supply

stations such as Banxi, Longtan( Phase I) and Ganxi, as well as the 937 rural

centralized or distributed drinking water projects, have solved the problems of safe

drinking water for 310 thousand people.

In recent years, under the leadership of the government of all levels, and with the

efforts of all the people in the county, Youyang has made great progress in solving the

drinking water problem for the water-deficient areas.

(a) Using the centralized water supply projects as the focus to solve the problem of

the drinking water shortage in the towns/townships.

Youyang has constructed four water supply stations with actual daily capacity

over 500 ton (Longtan, Mawang, Dingshi and Gongtan); two water supply stations



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with actual daily capacity between 300 to 500 ton; and eleven water supply stations

with actual daily capacity under 300 ton. And the county has utilized the national

investment of 4.98 million Yuan, solved the problem of drinking water shortage for

25.9 thousand people and improved the drinking water condition for 12 thousand

people.

(b) Using the experience of a selected spots to promote the work in the entire area.

In recent years, Youyang has achieved great success in the construction of

drinking water safety. By using the experience of a selected spots to promote the work

in the entire area, Youyang county has constructed 305 distributed drinking water

supply projects and solved the problem for thousands of people.

In total, the county has utilized 8.71 million Yuan investment of the national

drinking water special fund, constructed 322 related engineering projects, 305 ponds,

and realized 13,500 m3 water storage, complete 97.5 thousand m3 earthwork volume,

195,000 m3 wet masonry, 9,500 m3 concrete volume, 4,500 m3 reinforced concrete

volume, 205 thousand work days, installed 220.6 km pipelines, 1800 meters

construction electricity transmission lines, and six transformers with 180,000 kilovolt

ampere capacity. In total, it has solved the drinking water problem for 41.09 thousand

people and improved the drinking water condition for 15 thousand people.

(2) The Working Plan for Rural Drinking Water Safety in Youyang County during the

Twelfth Five Year Plan

In the next 5 years, Youyang will strengthen its efforts to promote the constructionof the rural drinking water safety work, improve the drinking water condition for the

rural people, enhance the water quality and make contributions to the poverty

reduction in the rural areas.

Under the requirement of the urban-rural integration, the Youyang government

has paid much attention to the compiling of the 2010-2013 working plan of the rural

drinking water safety project. It will spare no efforts in promoting construction of four

centralized water supply projects in Keda, Guanqing, Tushi and Mawang, and ten

town/township rural water supply safety projects in Mawang, Heishui, Zhongduo,

Banxi, Tushi, Jiangfeng, Liangzeng, Xiaohe, Guanqing and Tianguan, and overfilled

the task by supplying water to the extra 40 thousand people. And Youyang are

actively promoting the “one city and five group” water supply system, and making

clear of the responsibilities and accountability of the project to ensure the solid

construction and benefits and the affordability for the local people. The detailed

working plans are:

(a) Define the tasks and emphasis the implementation.

The 2011 rural drinking water safety project covers 38.8 thousand people in 23

villages of 8 towns/townships. The fund mainly comes from the national budget and



18

the self-financing. The construction includes the centralized water supply projects, the

distributed water supply projects, the installment of the distribution and transmission

pipelines and the water purification system as well as the sanitation facilities. Even the

time is limited, the task is difficult and the requirement is high, the government at all

levels has set up the leadership organization to strengthen the institutional capacity

and formulated strict management regulations and measures to promote the solid

implementation of all the works.

(b) Speed up the preparation of the project.

At the beginning of March, Youyang government had divided the whole project

into 6 parts for public bidding, and chose the professional construction team. The both

parties have signed the Construction Contract, the Construction Integrity Contract,

and the Safety in Production Contract, and clearly defined the responsibility and

accountability. The construction will strictly follow the technical specification and

emphasis the management, the supervision, the quality and the process to implement

every work in real earnest.

(c) Cooperate more and form the joint forces.

Youyang county government has defined that the benefited town/township

governments would be responsible for the land acquisition and occupation in their

own area, while the county Water Resource Bureau would be responsible for the

construction plan, the technical guidance and the quality supervision during the

construction, as well as the management of the project fund and the working schedule.With an arranged schedule, all the parties are working together for the completion of

the construction at the end of August and the final acceptance in October.



19

Appendix 1

The questionnaire of the survey on the water tariff reform, environmental health and

hygiene awareness in Yunyang and Youyang

1. Your current water tariff is Yuan/ton.

2. Your attitude towards the current water tariff?

A. satisfied B. relatively satisfied C. not satisfied

3. Do you pay the water tariff on time?

4. Does the local government provide water tariff subsidies for the rural residents?

What are the major measures?

5. What do you think are the contributors of the water tariff?

6. Do you save water in your daily life?7. Your attitude towards government’s reform of the water tariff?

8. What do you think are the major problems in the drinking water safety in your

place?

9. How do you know about the environmental hygiene?

A. know clearly B. know some C. know little D. do not know or not care

10. Do you pay attention to the local water source (e.g. the river) protection in your

daily life?

11. What works have the government done in this year towards the local ruraldrinking water safety?

12. What is the government’s working plan for the future towards the rural drinking

water safety?



20

Part III

Training Plans: Tasks and Methods



1. Team Composition

Core team members are: Yang Jun (Specialist in Project Team, Professor

from Chongqing Technology and Business University), Yin Xiguo (Specialist in

Project Team, Professor from Chongqing University), Deng Tao (Executive of the

Project Office, Professor from the Fiscal and Financial Research Institute of

Chongqing Academy of Social Science), He Xiaojia (Secretary of the Project

Office, Chongqing Academy of Social Science). Detailed team composition is

displayed in picture 4, whereas specific info of team members is listed in Appendix

C.

Picture 4 Team Composition

2 Working Plan

2.1 Overall Objectives

By designing plans and updating them in regard of demands, and conducting

effective training programs in accord with the ADB requirements, they are

expected to achieve the objectives listed below:

(1) To guarantee that in Yunyang and Youyang, units related to water affairs and

the rural residents have the basic knowledge about their surrounding water

resources and environment, as well as water resources and environment in the

municipality and in the whole country.



(2) To raise the health awareness of water environment amongst rural residents in

Yuyang and Youyang, and motivate them to better protect the water sources.

(3) To convince the rural residents in Yuyang and Youyang that the investment in

water hygiene facilities is beneficial, and raise their awareness of water tariff, and

to promote the development of rural water industry.

(4) To publicize and spread water policies from ABD to core units which are

responsible for raising the awareness of water environment amongst rural

residents and the reform of water tariff in Yunyang and Youyang.

(5) To ensure that local governments and water affair related units in Yunyang and

Youyang attach more significance to the protection of water resources

environment and issues regarding rural drinking water.

(6) To put forward practical ways to pay off ADB loans of Yunyang and Youyang.

(7) To help women and children as well as rural residents in the training program

to learn some basic information of the water resources environment in their own

areas, in the municipality and in the country.

(8) To raise and enhance the awareness and skills in women and children to

moderate the consuming of water resources, to protect water environment, and to

maintain both personal health and public hygiene in pilot areas.

(9) To win the understanding and support for regulations and policies relevant to

local and national water recourses protection and tariff amongst women and

children in the pilot areas.(10) To enhance the communication among the organizing units concerning

“Peasants, Women and Children, Water” and local residents in pilot areas.

(11) To organize and promote the initiation of a long-term mechanism for the

awareness of water environment protection and the drinking water safety amongst

specifically women and children in the pilot areas.

(12) To contribute to the establishment of the index system and control system for

the evaluation, supervision and protection of water resources and water

environment in the pilot areas.

(13) To provide practical consultations materials to educate and train the residents

in regions other than the pilot areas.

2.2 Plans for Research and Training

In accord with the ADB requirements, our overall plan for the implementation

of this project is displayed in Chart 1. Main parts of the plan are field research

activities by the Project Management Team and the training program for health

issues regarding water and water tariff. The plan of reports mainly refers to the

composing of the inception and interim reports. The Chart 2 shows the work

schedule of program participants.



Chart 1 Overall Plan for the Implementation of the Project

Month

Date

B

E

F

GH

I

B

Activities A Workshops with water related unites and schools in Yunyang County; B Workshops with

in Youyang County; C Design and conducting textbooks for training, brochures, video materia

Implement training programs in pilot schools and villages in Yunyang; E Implement training program

Youyang; F Host Lectures for water related units and government agencies of Yunyang County; G H



towns and villages and farmer representatives in Yunyang County; H Host Lectures for water related

of Youyang County; I Host lectures for major officials of towns and villages and farmer representative

A Compose inception report; B Compose the first draft of the report about water environment and

areas; C Compose interim report; D Compose final report, host wrap-up meeting.

Chart 2 Work Schedules of Program Participants

Month

Date

B

E

F

G

H

I

K

Note: A Specialist in Project Team——Professor Yin Xiguo; B Specialist in Project Team——Professo

in Yunyang County Bureau of Water Resources Finance Bureau Development and Reform Com

Department CDC Women’s Federation; D Government of Jiangkou Town, Yunyang County; E



Yunyang County; F Yanglu Primary School, Yunyang County; G Government of Nixi Village, Yunyan

Yunyang County; I Water related Units in Youyang County Bureau of Water Resources Finance B

Commission Health Units (Health Department CDC) Women’s Federation; J Government of Lo

Zhigong Primary School, Longtan Town, Youyang County; L Government of Mawang Town, Youya

School, Mawang Town, Youyang County.



3 Methods for Work and Training

3.1 A Combination of Workshops and Promotion Lectures

Major focuses for this method are water management units which are involved in the reform of

workshops as a working and training method to these units, for that there are certain water speciali

management. The basic direction and possible actions for the reform of water tariff will be lectured on the

3.2 Adopt “point-to-point” and “point-to-area” training methods for women and children

Point-to-point training method will be carried on in primary schools mentioned above. It would pla

meets the demands from women and children for training, but also exposes a large amount of rural

education.

Point-to-area training method will start educating teachers with textbooks, so that they would pay mo

about the protection of water environment, awareness of water tariff and the moderation of water consum

3.3 Give out promotional materials during the local gatherings

Compose promotional materials for local residents in their acceptable forms. And give out the mat

tariff, water environment, safety awareness of drinking water and the moderation of water consuming, i

together, such as the market gatherings, and the meetings in villages.



Appendix A: An Initial work schedule in some country villages

Time Place Content Personnel Involved

2011.11.4 ● Set out for Yunyang● Project Specialists

Jun)

2011.11.5Jiangkou,Y

unyang

●Degree of water tariff acceptance; the

amount of investment on water

infrastructure ; a survey for water

environment and healthy drinking water

● Residents of the t

● Ying Xiguo, Ya

investigators

2011.11.6

Yanglu,

Yunyang






● Ying Xiguo, Ya

investigators

2011.11.7Nixi,

Yunyang






● Ying Xiguo, Ya

investigators

2011.11.8 ● Set out for Youyang● Ying Xiguo, Yan

investigators

2011.11.9 Longtan,

Youyang





● Ying Xiguo, Ya

investigators




2011.11.9 Mawang,

Youyang

●

Degree of water tariff acceptance; theamount of investment on water




● Ying Xiguo, Ya

investigators

2011.11.1

0 ● Return from Youyang● Project Specialists

Jun)

Visiting schedule for Water Management and Water Conservatory Departments

Time Place Content Personnel Involved

2012.1.8 ● Set out for Yunyang● Project Specialists

Jun)

2012.1.9

Morning

Yunyang

● Conference on water resource

utilization, water environmental

protection and water tariff control with

related organizations and Women

Children Protecting GroupTime: 9:30am-11:30am

●Water conservat

environmental prote

price management

resource charging

health departmentsdepartment and ep

station), women’s fed

specialists (Ying Xigu



2012.1.9

AfternoonYunyang

Visit related departments on water

resource utilization, water

environmental protection and water tariff

control

Time: 2:00pm-5:00pm

● Water conserva

environmental prote

price management

resource charging

health departments

department and ep

station),Yin Xiguo

Visit the Women’s Federation

Time: 2:00pm-3:00pm

Visit Jiangkou Town, Yunyang

Time: 4:00pm-5:00pm

●Women’s federation

●Jiangkou town officia

2012.1.10Yunyang

Visit Yangxiang Primary school in

Yanglu Village

Time: 9:00am-12:00am

Visit Nixi Primary school in Nixi village

Time: 2:00pm-5:00pm

● Yanglu village o

experimental schools

● Nixi village off

experimental schools





environmental protection and water

price control

Time:9:30am-12:00am

2:00pm-5:00pm

● Water conserva

environmental prote

price management

resource charging

health departments

department and ep

station),Yin Xiguo

2012.1.11 ●Set out for Youyang ● Ying Xiguo, Yangjun

2012.1.12

MorningYouyang

● Conference on water resource

utilization, water environmental

protection and water price control withrelated organizations and Women

Children Protecting Group

Time: 9:30am-11:30am

●Water conservat

environmental prote

price management resource charging

health departments

department and ep

station), women’s fed

specialists (Ying Xigu

2012.1.12 Afternoon

Youyang



environmental protection and water price control

Time: 2:00pm-5:00pm

● Water conserva

environmental prote


health departments

department and ep



station),Yin Xiguo

Visit the Women’s Federation

Time:2:00pm-3:00pm

● the Women’s Feder

2012.1.13Youyang

Visit Longtan town, Youyang, and the

experimental school

Time:9:00am-12:00am

Visit Mawang Town, Youyang and the

experimental school

Time:2:00pm-5:00pm

● Longtan Town offic

Yang Jun

● Mawang Town

officials, Yang Jun



environmental protection and water price control

Time:9:30am-12:00am

● Water conserv

environmental prote


health departments



2:00pm-5:00pm department and ep

station),Yin Xiguo

2012.1.14● Return from Youyang ●specialists (Yin Xigu



Appendix B: Minutes of the Discussions and Meetings

1. Minutes of Meetings in Yunyang Water Conservatory Bureau

On January 9th, 2012, project specialists Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin

Xiguo visited Yunyang Town, where they had a conference with local departments

of resource utilization, water environmental protection, water price control as well

as Women Children Protecting Group. Officials and personnel from Youyang

town’s Finance Bureau, local Development and Reform Commission, Bureau of

Water Conservatory, Bureau of Environmental Protection, and Local Women’s

Federation. Names of people who participated in the conference are listed in

Appendix B.

Zeng Guangke, director of Yunyang Water Conservatory Bureau, first gave

an introduction of drinking water project in experimental villages. The program is

led by local Development and Reform Commission, financially coordinated by the

local Finance Bureau, projected by the local Bureau of Environmental Protection,

and constructed by the project team that led by Water Conservatory Bureau. The

project was first plotted and carried out in Jiangkou, Yanglu and Nixi villages of

Yunyang town in 2006. In 2008, the several feasibility assessments were made

about the project which was finally authorized by Chongqing municipal

government in 2010. In 2011, a loan agreement was signed with the Asian

Development Bank. And in 2012, the project started its tendering procession andwent into implementation stage. Loan from Asian Development Bank takes up

65% of the total project fund and self-raised counter fund takes up 35%. The loan

will be repaid in 2012 and is estimated to be paid off in 20 years.

Li Jingfu, deputy director of Yunyang Development and Reform Commission

introduced some difficulties in real practice, these difficulties mainly lie in following

aspects: (1) the project contains redundant procedures; (2) ADB holds a different

policy in respect of domestic regulations, land policies for example; (3) Urban and

rural area enjoys different amount of drinking water subsidies; (4) self-raised

counter fund often has some difficulty to come to position.

Li Jingwen, deputy director of Yunyang Development and Reform

Commission introduced current condition of water tariff control. Yunyang’s water

tariff is regulated by government and is applied with a ladder pricing mechanism,

in which the price of water floating from 1.2 Yuan per ton to 2.8 Yuan per ton,

which in most cases, the tariff is between 2.0 to 2.5 Yuan per ton. Water supply

system aims to provide water, ensuring its quality and quantity, and break even or

make meager profit.

Chen Baolin, member of Yuanyang women’s federation, introduced the works



on women and children. Currently, women and children in Yunyang rural areas are

mainly educated of healthy drinking water knowledge through the internet, while

there are also a number of safe drinking program being implemented to ensure

the social security of rural women and children.

2. Munutes of Duscussions in Jiangkou, Yunyang County

In the afternoon of January the 9th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun of the project group

visited Jiangkou, and had a meeting with local government officials Liu Haiyun,

deputy town chief and Song Laiming, director of water conservatory station.

Deputy town chief, Liu Haiyun, gave an overall introduction of Jiangkou’s

water supply project. The introduction is as follows: (1) Jiangkou’s water supply

project is led by Yunyang conservatory bereau, which is designed to satisfy the

town’s need in accordance with its 10-year development plan. The project should

also give prominence to the protection of water ecological system thus ensuring

drinking water is not polluted with all pollutants producing source being prohibited

in the water reserved area. (2) The project is constructed in a nice environment,

and is aiming to tackle people’s real problems in drinking water, and therefore is

supported by local people. (3) The project has helped to better solve some

realistic problems in Jiangkou’s economic development; tackling people’s problem

of not having safe drinking water; ensuring local commodity and industry has a

solid foundation to develop. (4) Touching upon education, the project makes 2 junior schools and 3 primary schools have access to clean drinking water, which

contributes to local educational development. However, there still exist some

problems in implementing the project: local government does not have enough

budgets to meet the demand of water health related training and education.

Residents live near the drinking water source does not have a proper notion to

preserve the water source and need related education. In summary, the project is

currently contributing dramatically to Jiangkou’s economic and social development,

which is strongly supported by local government.

Then Prof. Yang Jun and deputy town chief Liu Haiyun exchanged their

insights on the following issues:

1) Specific work that should be done by the government is as follows: dump

sites for household garbage should avoid water distribution points, which

should be regularly checked. The village-based cadres, village cadres,

should work with the village party branch committee and the village

committee to launch trainings about water and health for the public.

2) Government’s publicity approaches include holding meetings (at the level

of the government or communities), and handing out brochures and



leaflets.

3) Government guarantees the social security for the fiscally disadvantaged

people through enacting minimum living standard security system and

implementing poverty reduction plans. The current subsistence

allowance for urban residents is 290 Yuan RMB every month, and for

rural residents it is 1,800 Yuan RMB every year, 840 Yuan RMB per year

per capita. Now, the poverty alleviation projects are various. For example,

initiating the Plan of Income Increase by 10,000 Yuan, implementing

infrastructure construction in the rural areas, providing comforts and relief

aids to the public, and supporting house renovations of impoverished

people.

4) As to left-behind children, charity activities such as “hand in hand” and

“love and care outreach” should be frequently held for them under the

initiation of the government and the organization of schools.

Song Laiming, the head of the water conservatory station in Jiangkou town,

briefed on the construction of water supply facilities. At the first phase, priorities

have been given to the installment of the pipelines and water plant with an

investment of over 9 million Yuan RMB. After completion, the plant can supply

5,000 tons of water a day. The phase II construction, with a daily water supply of

3,000 tons, will be funded by the loans offered by Asian Development Bank (ADB).

After the talks, Prof. Yang Jun, deputy town chief Liu Haiyun, together withSong Laiming, head of the water conservatory station visited the waterworks and

water distribution points in Jiangkou town.

3 Minutes of interviews in Yanglu Village and Nixi Village in Yunyang

County

In October 10th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin Xiguo, specialist in project

team, held talks with people from the local government and a pilot primary school

in Yanglu Village and Nixiang Village of Yunyang County, respectively.

Li Bin, the schoolmaster of Yanglu primary school in Yanglu Village, gave a

specific introduction of the school. There are 36 teachers, 698 pupils and 121

kindergarten pupils, while four village schools under Yanglu Village have 13

teachers and 211 pupils. Courses concerning the project offered in Yanglu primary

school are social practices, environmental protection and etiquette.

A brief introduction to Yanglu Village Project: this project covers an area of 14

to 15 km2, one third of the village. Water price in Yanglu village is 2.5 Yuan a ton,

which is affordable for the residents. However, difficulties are now slowing down

the project.



A brief introduction of the Nixi primay school in Nixi village: there are 40

teacher responsible for 751 pupils and 134 of them are kindergarten pupils. As to

350- odd boarders, advisors will assist them with their life at school. The courses

concerning water and health include health education and social studies.

Problems, such as students’ ignorance about personal hygiene and lack of

awareness of water conservation, get in the way of popularizing knowledge about

water and health.

Water tariff in Nixi village is 3 Yuan per ton that the residents can afford. The

project works out slowly due to its complex procedures.

4. Minutes of meetings in Finance Bureau of Youyang county

In October 12th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin Xiguo, specialists of the

project, held talks with personnnel from the Water Supply Department, the

Finance Bureau, the Development and Reform Committee, the Environmental

Protection Bureau, the Centers for Disease Control and the Women's Federation

of Youyang county.

Mr Tian, the head of Water Supply Department outlined the general situation

of Youyang County Project and major problems in this process. In spite of the

smooth progress, some obstacles arise. The regulations of Asian Development

Bank on land acquisition and occupation are not the same with China’s domestic

policies; the time- table of Asian Development Bank is rather complicated; andmisunderstandings in the negotiations postpone the project.

Currently, the water tariff in Youyang is 1.5 Yuan per ton. Departments related

to water supply enable poverty-stricken families to pay water bill through deferring

or reducing their payment. Such a measure accords with the principles of the

Asian Development Bank.

Aiming at meeting the requirements of the ADB Project, training courses have

been provided for staffs of Finance Bureau and Youyang Development and

Reform Commission, and the IUs. The major training focuses on procurement and

reimbursement procedure.

The head of Health Bureau introduced the role of his bureau plays in the

implementation of the project. Health education programs carried out by the

county Health Bureau have made great achievements. The public awareness of

clean water and hygiene has been improved. They become more willing to

participate in environmental protection activities. Water pollution has been cut in

the rural areas after restructuring the toilets. ADB funded the publicity of health

education and water monitoring.

The director of the county Environmental Protection Bureau believes that the



ADB Project model is suitable to extend across China. The Asian Development

Bank pays great attention to water monitoring and follow-up monitoring. Its

excellent managerial practice deserves our learning.

The head of the Women's Federation introduced its operations. Firstly, the

Women's Federation organizes activities to protect women’s rights to clean water;

secondly, it stages publicity activities to highlight the importance of clean water

and improve women’s awareness; thirdly, it advocates the Asian Development

Bank to set up a special fund for health education programs geared toward Asian

women.

5. Minutes of meetings in Longtan town and Mawang town in Youyang

County

In October 12th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin Xiguo, specialists of the

project, held talks with personnel from the local government and the head of pilot

schools.

According to the estimation of the Asian Development Bank, investment into

water supply components for Longtan town and Mawang town amounts to 76

million and 93 million Yuan RMB, respectively. The smooth progress of the

programs has won the praises of the public. The local economy and society have

been undergoing fast development. To meet the expanding economic and social

development, the ADB Project will reach larger areas. A brief introduction of Pingqiao primary school in Mawang town: the school

sets up six classes accommodating 272 students with 13 teachers available. The

school enhances pupils’ awareness of clean water by lecturing, organizing school

gatherings, encouraging students to organize relevant activities themselves, etc.

However, the hardware facilities are insufficient and there leaves much to improve

in training teachers. Those are major problems facing the school.

Appendix C Contact Sheet

1. Contact sheet for team members

NAME WORK UNIT TITLE/POSITIONPHONE

NUMBER

Yin XiguoChongqing

UniversityProfessor 13527555589

Yang Jun

Chongqing

Technology and

Business University

Professor 13637846989



Deng Tao

Chongqing

Academy of Social

Sciences

Director 18983218888

He Jiaxiao

Chongqing

Academy of Social

Sciences

Assistant to theDirector

13272602505

2. Contact sheet for research analysts in Yunyang County

NAME WORK UNITTITLE/POSI

TION

PHONE

NUMBER

Fu

Quansheng

Yunyang Environmental

Protection Bureau

Chief of

Office15923842789

Huang

Guomin

Yunyang Environmental

Protection Bureau

Chief of

Office 13694809655

Xiang HaoYunyang Water Supply

Department

Chief of

Office13594852345

Liu Xin

Centers for Disease

Control of Yunyang

County

Deputy


Zeng Guang Yunyang Jin’an Company 15870558359

Wang Anding

Yunyang Finance Bureau DeputyDirector

15870519567

Zhao Zhixia Yunyang Finance Bureau 15123551081

Chen BaolinYunyang Women's

Federation

Cadre of

Office13452524533

Li JingwenYunyang Development

and Reform Committee

Deputy


Deng BaitaoYunyang Development


Chief of

Office13635383765

Liu Haiyun

Local Government of

Jiangkou Town of

Yunyang County

Deputy

Town

Chief

13896285085

Song

Laiming

Water Conservatory

Station of Jiangkou

Town in Yunyang County

Master of

the Station13098656123

Zhai

Zhongchuan

Local Government of

Yanglu Village of Yunyang County

Deputy

townshiphead

13996618939



Li Bin

Yanglu Primary School of

Yanglu Village of

Yunyang County

Head

Master 023-55646066

3. Contact sheet for research analysts in Youyang County

NAME WORK UNITTITLE/POSI

TION

PHONE

NUMBER

Tian FangliYouyang Water Supply

Department

Deputy


Li Feng Youyang Health Bureau

Deputy

Chief of

Health office

023-7555206

5

Zhao

Changyuan

Youyang Development


Principal

Staff

Member

13896440881

Wu YingYouyang Women's

Federation

Vice

Chair-perso

n

13896405620

He ShouqiYouyang Environmental

Protection Bureau

Captain of

the

Supervision

Brigade

13896865789

Long Bo

Centers for Disease

Control of Youyang

County

Director of

Health

Office

13594386897

Wang Jiafeng Youyang Finance Bureau

Staff of

Administrati

ve Bureauof

Stateowned

Property

13709492600

Shi Quan

Local Government of

Longtan Town of

Youyang County

Deputy

Town Chief 13594928917

Xiao Guang

Zhidong Primary School

of Longtan Town of

Youyang County

Headmaster 13648201900



Wu Guang

Local Government of

Mawang Town of

Youyang County

Secretary of

the Party

Committee

13709486899

Zhang Hailou

Local Government of

Mawang town of

Youyang County

Director of

Agricultural

Centre

13452211816

Yang

Yinghong

Pingqiao Village of

Mawang Town of

Youyang County

Village


He Xianfeng

Pingqiao Primary School

of Mawang Town of

Youyang County

Director of

Teaching

and

Discipline

13132312389

Appendix D: List of Research Analysts

Yunyang county, Chongqing.

Finance Bureau, Yunyang County：

Wang Anding，Deputy Director

Huang Guomin，Chief of Office

Zhao Zhixia

Development and Reform Committee, Yunyang County：

Li Jingwen，Deputy Director

Deng Baitao，Chief of Office

Environmental Protection Bureau, Yunyang County：

Fu Quansheng, Chief of Office

Water Supply Department, Yunyang County：

Xiang Ha, Chief of Office

Centers for Disease Control, Yunyang County：

Liu Xin, Deputy Director

Women's Federation, Yunyang County：

Chen Baolin

Local government of Jiangkou Town, Yunyang County：

Liu Haiyun, Deputy Town Chief



Water Conservatory Station, Yunyang County：

Song Laiming, Master of the Station

Jin’an Company, Yunyang County ：

Zeng Guang

Youyang county, Chongqing

Water Supply Department, Youyang county：

Tian Fangli, Deputy Director

Finance Bureau, Youyang county：

Wang Jiafeng, Staff of Administrative Bureau of State-owned Property

Development and Reform Committee, Youyang county：

Zhao Changyuan，Principal Staff Member

Environmental Protection Bureau, Youyang county：

He Shouqi，Captain of the Supervision Brigade

Centers for Disease Control, Youyang county：

Long Bo, Director of Health Office

Women's Federation, Youyang county：

Wu Ying, Vice Chair-person

Health Bureau, Youyang county：

Li Feng, Deputy Chief of Health office

Local government of Longtan Town, Youyang county：

Shi Quan, Deputy Town Chief

Zhidong Primary School of Longtan Town, Youyang county：

Xiao Guang, Headmaster

Local government of Mawang Town, Youyang county：

Wu Gang, Secretary of the Party Committee

Zhang Hailou，Director of Agricultural Centre

Pingqiao Village of Mawang Town, Youyang county：

Yang Yinghong, Village Director

Pingqiao Primary School of Mawang Town, Youyang county：



He Xianfeng, Director of Teaching and Discipline

PRC PDA: Training Program on Water Tariff Reform and Peer-to-Peer Learning Process for Rural Environmental Health and Sanitation Awareness (Inception Report)

Documents