2011 WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET INFORM | EMPOWER | ADVANCE | www.prb.org POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU The average life expectancy at birth for men and women in Canada, Martinique, and Singapore. The percentage of Zimbabwe’s population with HIV/AIDS in 2009, down from 23.7% in 2001. The total fertility rate worldwide. TFRs range from 0.9 children per woman in Taiwan to 7.0 in Niger. The percentage of the world’s population living below $2 a day. THE WORLD AT 7 BILLION 14.3% 48% 81 2.5
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
PHASE 4Low to Very LowBirth Rate, Very LowDeath Rate
Birth Rate
Death Rate
NOTES: Natural increase or decrease is the difference between the number of births and deaths. The birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. The death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year.
NaturalIncrease
The Four Phases of Demographic Transition Are Evident Today Around the World.In the parish of Mouy, north of Paris, there were 47 burials recorded in 1693; in 1694, the number jumped to an appalling 262. This is a dramatic example of life during Phase 1 of the demographic transition (albeit a somewhat modern one compared to the 50,000 years of human existence that preceded Phase 1). A rise in the price of grains meant more people could not afford food, a situation that nearly always led to excessive mortality, as happened in Mouy. In Phase 2 of the transition—roughly the beginning of the Industrial Revolution—death rates began to fall more regularly, although the preference for larger families may have remained for a time. Next, increasing urbanization lessened the need for children even as early public health measures improved life spans. Now the transition was really underway. By the 20th century, the devel-opment of modern medicine and the desire to limit family size combined to cause the low death rates and very low birth rates we see today. That, at least, is what happened over the centuries in Europe and North America. Most developing countries arrived in the 20th century still in the fi rst phase of the transition. In the aftermath of World War II, however, the benefi ts of public health and modern medicine became available to them in a comparatively short period of time. Mortality fell with unusual rapidity but the desire for large families remained. Then, with mounting concern over record rates of population growth, birth rates did begin to fall in many countries. Today, we can fi nd examples around the world of all four stages of the transition.
The World Is in the Midst of Its Most Rapid Population Growth in History.Today, the world is adding the largest numbers to its population than in any time in history. Despite the fact that the annual population growth rate has declined to 1.2 percent per year, world population grows by about 83 million annually. If the same growth rate had applied in 1950, only 30 million people annually would have been added to the world total. While declines in birth rates have been virtually universal across countries, the pattern of decline has been very variable. In some countries, birth rates have fallen below two children; birth rates in other coun-tries have decreased to medium levels or have barely begun to decrease. Population projections assume that birth rates in developing coun-tries will decline—smoothly—to two children or fewer (this PRB data sheet incorporates that assumption). Both the sixth billion and seventh
billion were reached in the same number of years: a record 12. The eighth billion may also take 12 years but only if birth rates decline according to projections.
W O R L D P O P U L A T I O N H I G H L I G H T ST H E W O R L D AT 7 B I L L I O N
SOURCE: (for burials in 1693 and 1694): E.A. Wrigley, Population and History (New York: McGraw Hill, 1969).
SOURCES: Population Reference Bureau estimates and projections (1800 and 2023) and United Nations Population Division.
W O R L D P O P U L A T I O N H I G H L I G H T ST H E W O R L D AT 7 B I L L I O N
Population Change, 2000-2010U.S. Average: Gain of 9.7 percent
LossGain of up to 4.9 percentGain of 5 percent to 9.9 percentGain of 10 percent to 19.9 percentGain of 20 percent or greater
U.S. COUNTY2010
POPULATIONCHANGE, 2000-2010
NUMBER PERCENT
Fastest Growth*
Kendall County, Ill. 114,736 60,173 110.3
Pinal County, Ariz. 375,770 196,050 109.1
Flagler County, Fla. 95,696 45,864 92.0
Lincoln County, S.D. 44,828 20,681 85.6
Loudoun County, Va. 312,311 142,712 84.1
Fastest Decline*
St. Bernard Parish, La. 35,897 -31,332 -46.6
Issaquena County, Miss. 1,406 -868 -38.2
Cameron Parish, La. 6,839 -3,149 -31.5
Orleans Parish, La. 343,829 -140,845 -29.1
Sharkey County, Miss. 4,916 -1,664 -25.3
Population Change in U.S. Counties Varies Widely Within States.
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau.
Total population in the United States increased by almost 10 percent between 2000 and 2010, but growth patterns varied widely across counties. About one-fourth of counties grew faster than the national average, with one-tenth increasing by 20 percent or more. Population continued to increase fastest in states in the South and the West, but even within high-growth states like Texas, some counties still lost population over this decade. Although Michigan was the only state whose population declined between 2000 and 2010, more than half of the counties in Michigan still grew over this period. Areas with the fastest growth included the suburbs of metropolitan areas such as Orlando, Las Vegas, Atlanta, Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, Washington, D.C., and the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. As in previous decades, many rural areas lost population, including much of the Great Plains and northern and central Appalachia. Nearly half of the 1,104 counties that lost population during the decade were isolated from metropolitan areas. Parts of Louisiana that were hard hit by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita ranked among the counties with the fastest rate of population decline between 2000 and 2010.
*Among counties with at least 1,000 people in 2000.
NOTE: The lists do not include county equivalents (municipios) in Puerto Rico.
W O R L D P O P U L A T I O N H I G H L I G H T ST H E W O R L D AT 7 B I L L I O N
Since the mid-1960s, the youth population (ages 15 to 24) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has grown rapidly. But because of the steady decline in fertility in many countries in recent years, the size of the youth population will grow at a much slower pace in the coming decades. For example, the youth population in Yemen nearly doubled between 1995 and 2010, but is projected to increase by only
38 percent between 2010 and 2025. MENA countries, however, differ substantially in the pace of their fertility declines, and some countries will even experience declines in their youth populations in coming decades. For example, Iran’s youth population grew by 34 percent between 1995 and 2010, but is projected to decline by 30 percent between 2010 and 2025.
SOURCE: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision (2011).
Poverty has emerged as a serious global issue, particularly because the most rapid population growth is occurring in the world’s poorest countries and, within many countries, in the poorest states and provinces. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, eight in 10 residents live on less than US$2 per day. In India, 76 percent of the population lives below that level—more than 900 million people. Relatively high population growth rates make it more diffi cult to lift large numbers of people out of poverty.
Percent Living Below US$2 per Day
10
13
19
25
26
38
40
61
65
76
80
Brazil
Moldova
Egypt
Iraq
Guatemala
Vietnam
Kenya
Pakistan
Uganda
India
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Poverty Remains a Significant Problem Worldwide.
Growth in the Youth Population in the Middle East Has Slowed and Even Is Declining in Some Countries.
SOURCE: World Bank, 2011 World Development Indicators (2011).
NOTES(—) Indicates data unavailable or inapplicable.a Infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Rates shown with
decimals indicate national statistics reported as com-pletely registered, while those without are estimates from the sources cited on reverse. Rates shown in italics are based upon fewer than 50 annual infant deaths and, as a result, are subject to considerable yearly variability.
b Average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.
c South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on July 9, 2011.
d The status of Western Sahara is disputed by Morocco.e Special Administrative Region.f Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on Feb. 17,
2008. Serbia has not recognized Kosovo’s independence.g The former Yugoslav Republic.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable assistance of PRB staff members Kristen Devlin, Donna Clifton, Lisa Aronson, Dorothy Wei, and Kelvin Pollard; staff of the International Programs Center of the U.S. Census Bureau; the United Nations (UN) Population Division; the Institut national d’etudes démographiques (INED), Paris; and the World Bank in the preparation of this year’s World Population Data Sheet. This publication is funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development (IDEA Project, No. AID-0AA-A-10-00009), and supporters. The contents are the respon-sibility of the Population Reference Bureau and do not necessarily refl ect the views of USAID or the United States government.
NOTESThe Data Sheet lists all geopolitical entities with populations of 150,000 or more and all members of the UN. These include sovereign states, dependencies, overseas departments, and some territories whose status or boundaries may be undetermined or in dispute. More developed regions, following the UN classifi cation, comprise all of Europe and North America, plus Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. All other regions and countries are classifi ed as less developed. The least developed countries consist of 49 countries with especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators. The criteria and list of countries, as defi ned by the United Nations, can be found at www.unohrlls.org/en/ldc/.
Sub-Saharan Africa: All countries of Africa except the northern African countries of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.
World and Regional Totals: Regional population totals are independently rounded and include small countries or areas not shown. Regional and world rates and percentages are weighted averages of countries for which data are available; regional averages are shown when data or estimates are available for at least three-quarters of the region’s population.
World Population Data Sheets from different years should not be used as a time series. Fluctuations in values from year to year often refl ect revisions based on new data or estimates rather than actual changes in levels. Additional information on likely trends and consistent time series can be obtained from PRB, and are also available from UN and U.S. Census Bureau publications and websites.
SOURCESThe rates and fi gures are primarily compiled from the following sources: offi cial country statistical yearbooks, bulletins, and websites; United Nations Demographic Yearbook, 2008 of the UN Statistics Division; World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision of the UN Population Division; and the International Data Base of the International Programs Center, U.S. Census Bureau. Other sources include recent demographic surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys, Reproductive Health Surveys, special studies, and direct communication with demographers and statistical bureaus in the United States and abroad. Specifi c data sources may be obtained by contacting the authors of the 2011 World Population Data Sheet. For countries with complete registration of births and deaths, rates are those most recently reported. For more developed countries, nearly all vital rates refer to 2010 or 2009.
DEFINITIONSMid-2011 PopulationEstimates are based on a recent census, offi cial national data, or PRB, UN, and U.S. Census Bureau projections. The effects of refugee movements, large numbers of foreign workers, and population shifts due to contemporary political events are taken into account to the extent possible.
Birth and Death RateThe annual number of births and deaths per 1,000 total population. These rates are often referred to as “crude rates” since they do not take a population’s age structure into account. Thus, crude death rates in more developed countries, with a relatively large proportion of high-mortality older population, are often higher than those in less developed countries with lower life expectancy.
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)The birth rate minus the death rate, implying the annual rate of population growth without regard for migration. Expressed as a percentage.
Net MigrationThe estimated rate of net immigration (immigration minus emigration) per 1,000 population for a recent year based upon the offi cial national rate or derived as a residual from estimated birth, death, and population growth rates. Migration rates can vary substantially from year to year for any particular country as can the defi nition of an immigrant.
Projected Population 2025 and 2050Projected populations based upon reason-able assumptions on the future course of fertility, mortality, and migration. Projections are based upon offi cial country projections, series issued by the UN or the U.S. Census Bureau, or PRB projections.
Infant Mortality RateThe annual number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births. Rates shown with decimals indicate national statistics reported as completely registered, while those without are estimates from the sources cited above. Rates shown in italics are based upon fewer than 50 annual infant deaths and, as a result, are subject to considerable yearly variability.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)The average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specifi c birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years (usually considered to be ages 15 to 49).
Population Under Age 15/Age 65+The percentage of the total population in these ages, which are often considered the “dependent ages.”
Life Expectancy at BirthThe average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality levels.
Percent UrbanPercentage of the total population living in areas termed “urban” by that country. Countries defi ne urban in many different ways, from population centers of 100 or more dwellings to only the population living in national and provincial capitals.
Prevalence of HIV/AIDSThe estimated percentage of adults, ages 15-49, living with HIV/AIDS. Figures are from UNAIDS’ 2010 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Some regional averages were calculated by PRB.
Contraceptive UseThe percentage of currently married or “in-union” women of reproductive age who are currently using any form of contraception. “Modern” methods include clinic and supply methods such as the pill, IUD, condom, and sterilization. Data are from the most recently available national-level surveys, such as Demographic and Health Surveys, Reproductive Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, regional survey programs, national surveys, and the UN Population Division World Contraceptive Use 2011. For more developed countries, data refer to some point in the 1990s and early 2000s. Data for less developed countries are primarily from a point in the mid-2000s. Data prior to 2005 are shown in italics.
GNI PPP per Capita, 2009 (US$)GNI PPP per capita is gross national income in purchasing power parity (PPP) divided by mid-year population. GNI PPP refers to gross national income converted to “international” dollars using a purchasing power parity con-version factor. International dollars indicate
the amount of goods and services one could buy in the United States with a given amount of money. Data are from the World Bank. Figures in italics are for 2007 or 2008.
Percent of Population Below $US2 per DayPopulation below $US2 purchasing power parity (PPP) a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $2 a day at 2005 international prices. Data prior to 2000 are in italics. Data are from the World Bank (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY).
Percent of Population With Access to Improved Water SupplyEstimates are from the World Health Organization and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/table/). An improved drinking-water source is defi ned as one that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is protected from outside contamination.
Acknowledgments, Notes, Sources, and Definitions
PRB’s 2011 World Population Data Sheet is available in English, French, and Spanish at www.prb.org. Also online:
• Interactive world map illustrating key demographic variables by country and region. Map can be embedded on other websites using simple coding.
• Webinar with PRB demographers, including their PowerPoint presentations.
• Video presentation, “World of 7 Billion.”
• World population clock, continuously updating world population total.
To order PRB publications (discounts available for bulk orders):
If you value the PRB’s World Population Data Sheet and are among the tens of thousands of people who eagerly anticipate its publication each year, please consider making a contribution to PRB. Your donation will help ensure that PRB can maintain its commitment to keeping the Data Sheet as affordable as possible. Visit our website to donate now: www.prb.org.
INFORMPRB informs people around the world about issues related to population, health, and the environment. To do this, we transform technical data and research into accurate, easy-to-understand information.
INNOVATIVE TOOLS. PRB’s updated and expanded DataFinder is a searchable data-base of population, health, and environment variables for all countries of the world. A sepa-rate U.S. database includes social, economic, and demographic variables for each state and the District of Columbia.
INFLUENTIAL REPORTS. The World’s Women and Girls 2011 Data Sheet has the latest data on a wide variety of indicators on the socioeconomic status of women and girls in more than 180 countries, with a focus on demography, reproductive health, education, work, and public life.
UNBIASED POLICY ANALYSIS. For more than 20 years, PRB has hosted a monthly seminar series focused on the policy implica-tions of population issues including the U.S. Census, aging, and child well-being.
ONLINE RESOURCES. PRB’s website offers full text of all PRB publications, including our respected Population Bulletins, and data and analysis on world issues ranging from gender to family planning to population basics.
EMPOWERPRB empowers people—researchers, journal-ists, policymakers, and educators—to use information about population, health, and the environment to encourage action. Frequently, people have information but lack the tools needed to communicate effectively to deci-sionmakers. PRB builds coalitions and conducts trainings to share techniques to inform policy.
JOURNALIST NETWORKS. PRB builds the capacity of journalists from developing countries through seminars and study tours. Each year, we organize several study tours for journalists throughout Africa to visit projects and the people they affect.
POLICY COMMUNICATIONS TRAINING. In the past decade, PRB has trained more than 800 professionals in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. For example, in 2010 we sponsored two workshops with Kenya’s National Coordi-nating Agency for Population and Development, training local and regional policymakers, pro-gram managers, and advocates.
DATA WORKSHOPS. PRB’s data workshops and online training assist the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s KIDS COUNT network in using data about the status of children in the United States. Participants take away the knowledge needed to access data about their particular state and communicate with policymakers.
ADVANCEPRB works to advance the well-being of cur-rent and future generations. Toward that end, we analyze data and research, disseminate information, and empower people to use that information to inform policymaking. While the numbers of publications created or workshops conducted are one way to measure PRB’s work, the creation of evidence-based policies, increased demand for health services, and active coalitions are better gauges of progress toward positive social change.
EVIDENCE-BASED POLICIES. PRB provides analysis for the KIDS COUNT Data Book, an annual report card on the well-being of children and families in the United States. The Data Book has helped promote the pas-sage of several U.S. policies, including the State Children’s Health Insurance Program.
DEMAND FOR HEALTH SERVICES. Arti-cles written as part of a media training effort in child marriage in Senegal led to the Vice Presi-dent of the National Assembly’s call for a study to understand and address this common and harmful practice.
ACTIVE COALITIONS. PRB works with the East Africa Population, Health, and Environment Network to increase information sharing across the region. The AFRICAPHE online discussion group improves access to information and capacity-building and funding opportunities.