Prasannakumar

VIJAYAM EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

NUCLEAR POWER POINTNUCLEAR POWER POINT NUCLEAR FUELNUCLEAR FUEL NUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FISSION NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONNUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION NUCLEAR REACTORNUCLEAR REACTOR CONTROL ROOMCONTROL ROOM CONDENSORCONDENSOR COOLING TOWERCOOLING TOWER BREADER REACTORSBREADER REACTORS

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Nuclear fuel is any material that can be Nuclear fuel is any material that can be

consumed to derive nuclear energy. The most consumed to derive nuclear energy. The most

common type of nuclear fuel is fissile elements common type of nuclear fuel is fissile elements

that can be made to undergo nuclear fission that can be made to undergo nuclear fission

chain reactions in a nuclear reactor chain reactions in a nuclear reactor

The most common nuclear fuels are 235U and The most common nuclear fuels are 235U and

239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission 239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission

chain reactionschain reactions

NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FISSION

When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium, When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium,

the uranium splits into two lighter atoms and the uranium splits into two lighter atoms and

releases heat simultaneously. releases heat simultaneously.

Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic

reaction which can release large amounts of reaction which can release large amounts of

energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as

kinetic energy of the fragmentskinetic energy of the fragmentsE = mc2

► The fission reaction The fission reaction produces more produces more neutrons which can neutrons which can then induce fission in then induce fission in other Uranium atoms.other Uranium atoms.

► Mouse Trap ChMouse Trap Chain Reactionain Reaction

NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS

A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an

additional fission in at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces

neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process is controlled it is used for nuclear

power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear weapons

U235 + n → fission + 2 or 3 n + 200 Mev

If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the

number of fissions doubles each generation. In that

case, in 10 generations there are 1,024 fissions and in

80 generations about 6 x 10 23 (a mole) fissions.

NUCLEAR REACTOR

A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain

reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a

steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which

the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and

is uncontrolled causing an explotion.

• CONTROL RODS

Control rods made of a

material that absorbs neutrons

are inserted into the bundle

using a mechanism that can

rise or lower the control rods.

. The control rods essentially

contain neutron absorbers

like, boron, cadmium or

indium.

Control room

COOLANT PUMPCOOLANT PUMP

The coolant pump pressurizes the coolant to The coolant pump pressurizes the coolant to

pressures of the order of 155bar. pressures of the order of 155bar.

The pressure of the coolant loop is The pressure of the coolant loop is

maintained almost constant with the help of maintained almost constant with the help of

the pump and a pressurized unit.the pump and a pressurized unit.

CONDENSER

Condenser is a device or unit which is

used to condense vapor into liquid.

The objective of the condenser are to

reduce the turbine exhaust pressure to

increase the efficiency and to recover high

quality feed water in the form of condensate

& feed back it to the steam generator

without any further treatment.

COOLING TOWER

Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to

transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere.

Water circulating through the codensor is taken to the

cooling tower for cooling and reuse

BREADER REACTORSBREADER REACTORS

A big problem with nuclear power is the A big problem with nuclear power is the creation of Plutonium in the reactor core.creation of Plutonium in the reactor core.

This is a long lived radioactive element This is a long lived radioactive element that is difficult to store.that is difficult to store.

Q: Why not use it as a fuel too?Q: Why not use it as a fuel too?

BASIC IDEA

• Process that creates the Pu.

• During fission use one of the extra neutrons to create a Pu atom

01

239944.2

23993

01

23993min23

23992

23992

23892

PuNp

NpU

UUn

days

Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low

amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of

green house gases and therefore the contribution green house gases and therefore the contribution

of nuclear power plants to global warming is of nuclear power plants to global warming is

therefore relatively little.therefore relatively little.

This technology is readily available, it does not This technology is readily available, it does not

have to be developed first.have to be developed first.

It is possible to generate a high amount of It is possible to generate a high amount of

electrical energy in one single plantelectrical energy in one single plant

ADVANTAGES

Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could

be preferred targets for terrorist attacks..be preferred targets for terrorist attacks..

During the operation of nuclear power plants, During the operation of nuclear power plants,

radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be

used for the production of nuclear weapons. used for the production of nuclear weapons.

DISADVANTAGES

THANKING YOU……..THANKING YOU……..