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PRACTICE PACKET: TOPIC 5 Surface Processes & Landscapes: Water & Ground
13. What climate factor aids in both chemical and physical weathering? ____________________
14. What are the four basic factors that the rate of weathering is dependent on? (use notes)
Objective:
• I can define weathering
• I can differentiate between chemical & physical weathering
• I can state examples of chemical weathering
• I can state examples of physical weathering
• I can describe the factors that affect the rate & type of weathering
• I can explain soil formation
PRACTICE PACKET: TOPIC 5 Surface Processes & Landscapes: Water & Ground
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Complete the tables with the information pertaining to the images.
Name Type of Weathering Description
Ice Wedging or
Frost Action
Name Type of Weathering Description
Sandblasting
Name Type of Weathering Description
Carbonation of
Limestone
carbonic acid in rain
causes minerals to
dissolve
ex. marble gravestones
Name Type of Weathering Description
Stream Abrasion
Name Type of Weathering Description
Plant root growth
Name Type of Weathering Description
Oxidation
Regents Questions:
1. Soil was formed mainly by
a. compaction and cementing c. faulting and tilting of rock strata
b. weathering and biological activity d. mass movement and deposition of particles
PRACTICE PACKET: TOPIC 5 Surface Processes & Landscapes: Water & Ground
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2. The block diagram below represents a landscape
where caverns and sinkholes have gradually developed
over a long period of time.
Why did these caverns and sinkholes form?
a. The bedrock chemically reacted with acidic
groundwater.
b. This type of bedrock contained large amounts of
oxygen and silicon.
c. Glacial deposits altered the shape of the bedrock.
d. Crustal uplift formed gaps in the bedrock.
3. Which type of weathering was primarily responsible for the development of these caves?
a. physical weathering of sandstone c. physical weathering of limestone
b. chemical weathering of sandstone d. chemical weathering of limestone
4. Which rock went through the most abrasion?
5. Which rock weathers most rapidly when exposed to acid rain?
a. quartzite b. granite c. basalt d. limestone
6. Which mineral would most likely become rounded at the fastest rate when tumbled along a stream
bottom?
a. garnet b. pyroxene c. plagioclase feldspar d. selenite gypsum
7. Which rock layer is the most resistant (____________________) to weathering?
a. 1 2)4 3) 2 4) 3
8. Which is the best example of physical weathering?
1) the cracking of rock caused by the freezing and thawing of water
2) the transportation of sediment in a stream
3) the reaction of limestone with acid rainwater
4) the formation of a sandbar along the side of a stream
9. A large rock is broken into several smaller pieces. Compared to the rate of weathering of the
large rock, the rate of weathering of the smaller pieces is
1) the same 2) less 3) greater
10. Which change in the climate of New York State would most likely cause the greatest increase in
chemical weathering of local bedrock?
1) lower humidity in winter 3) greater precipitation in summer
2) lower temperature in winter 4) higher atmospheric pressure in summer
PRACTICE PACKET: TOPIC 5 Surface Processes & Landscapes: Water & Ground
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Base your answers to questions 11 through 13 on the
diagram below, which represents the dominant type of
weathering for various climatic conditions.
11. Which climate conditions would produce very
slight weathering?
a. a mean annual temperature of 25 °C & a
mean annual precipitation of 100 cm
b. a mean annual temperature of 15°C and a
mean annual precipitation of 25 cm
c. a mean annual temperature of 5 °C and a
mean annual precipitation of 50 cm
d. a mean annual temperature of -5°C and a
mean annual precipitation of 50 cm
12. What type of weathering dominates when the
mean annual temperature of -5 °C and a mean
annual precipitation of 60 mm?
a. moderate frost action c. slight frost action
b. moderate chemical weathering d . very slight weathering
13. Why is no frost action shown for locations with a mean annual temperature greater than 13 °C?
a. Very little freezing takes place at these locations.
b. Large amounts of evaporation take place at these locations.
c. Very little precipitation falls at these locations.
d. Large amounts of precipitation fall at these locations.
Base your answers to questions 14 to 17 on the experiment
described. Each rock sample was placed in a separate beaker
containing 500 milliliters of a dilute acid for 10 minutes.
Bubbling was observed in some of the beakers. The data
table below shows the mass of each sample, in grams, before
placement in the acid and after removal from the acid.
14. Which Earth process is being modeled in this experiment?
a. physical weathering in the hydrosphere c. chemical weathering in the hydrosphere
b. physical weathering in the mesosphere d. chemical weathering in the mesosphere
15. Which table correctly shows the classification of the rock samples based on the amount of
weathering during this experiment?
16. Approximately what percentage of the marble sample remained after the experiment?
a. 0.4% b. 8.0% c. 20.7% d. 99.6%
PRACTICE PACKET: TOPIC 5 Surface Processes & Landscapes: Water & Ground
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17. Which property of the gneiss sample prevented it from weathering?
a. crystalline texture b. mineral composition c. density d. cleavage
1. Which two rock units appear to be most resistant to
weathering and erosion?
a. Lockport dolostone and Whirlpool sandstone
b. Rochester shale and Albion sandstone and shale
c. Clinton limestone and shale and Queenston shale
d. Thorold sandstone and Queenston shale
2. Equal masses of two identical rock samples. Sample A is
one large block, while sample B was cut into four smaller
blocks of equal size.
If subjected to the same environmental
conditions, sample B will weather more quickly
than sample A. The best explanation for this is
that the
a. volume of Sample B is greater than that of Sample A b. surface area of Sample B is greater than that of Sample A c. density of Sample A is greater than that of Sample B d. hardness of Sample A is greater than that of Sample B
3. Landscapes will undergo the most chemical weathering if the climate is
a. cool and dry b. cool and wet c. warm and dry d. warm and wet
4. Which factor has the greatest influence on the weathering rate of Earth’s surface bedrock?
a. local air pressure c. age of the bedrock
b. angle of insolation d. regional climate
5. Which activity demonstrates chemical weathering?
a. freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalk
b. abrasion of a streambed by tumbling rocks
c. grinding of talc into a powder
d. dissolving of limestone by acid rain
6. What is the main factor that causes the bedrock to weather at different rates?
a. elevation above sea level c. age of rock layers
b. mineral composition d. environment of formation
ASSESS YOURSELF ON THIS LESSON: _________/17
If you missed more than 4, do the Additional Practice. If not, go on to the next hw video!!!
ASSESS YOURSELF ON THIS ADDITIONAL PRACTICE: _________/6
If you missed more than 2 you should see me for extra help and/or re-watch the lesson
video assignment.
PRACTICE PACKET: TOPIC 5 Surface Processes & Landscapes: Water & Ground
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Lesson 4 – Erosion & Deposition
Doomed Dunes?
Coasts are very dynamic environments. The changing tides, wind erosion, storms, and human
traffic are some of the things that work to shape the coasts. Beach dunes are extremely sensitive to
erosion from wind and human activity. Strong winds blowing from the ocean to the coast cause the dunes
to migrate inland. People traveling over the dunes on foot and by vehicle stir up the sand and make it
easier for the wind to transport it. If left unprotected, the dunes would surely be destroyed.
Many different plans for protecting dunes have been proposed and put into practice.
Communities often prohibit people from walking, playing, or driving on beach dunes.
Another protection plan in use today is aimed at preventing wind erosion of the dunes. Some
beach communities have begun planting grasses and burying old Christmas trees in front of dunes. The
grasses and trees are set parallel to the dunes to form a protective wall between the dunes and the
ocean.
Your Turn to Think
1. Why are dunes important?
2. Dunes are also eroded by the ocean during storms. How do grasses and old Christmas trees
protect the dunes during storms?
3. Beaches are areas of limited sand supply. If the wind is causing the sand to migrate toward the
land, how does a beach keep from losing all of its sand?
4. Which type of barrier, grasses or old Christmas trees, is better suited for the beach
environment? Explain your answer.
Practice Questions:
1. What is erosion?
Objective:
• I can define erosion
• I can name the number one force & number one agent of erosion
• I can define deposition & describe factors causing it
• I can describe how dynamic equilibrium is reached
THINKING CRITICALLY
PRACTICE PACKET: TOPIC 5 Surface Processes & Landscapes: Water & Ground
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2. Number 1 agent of erosion is _____________________ Number 1 force of erosion is
____________________
3. What is deposition?
4. What five factors affect the rate of deposition? ___________________________________,