PRACTICE CLASS #5 (#6) 2012-03-27/28

PP

PRACTICE CLASS #5 (#6)2012-03-27/28

Today …

WE WILL GET PPs OUT OF THE WAY…

page 119 – exercise 5 (a-e)IN IN

AT ON OF

OFF /ON AT

AGAINST

WITH

page 119 – exercise 5 (f-i)

IN

IN

TO

BY

page 119 – exercise 6 (a-d)

PREP ADV

PREP ADV

PREP PREP

PREP

page 119 – exercise 6 (e-h)ADV

ADV

PREP

ADV

page 119 – exercise 6 (i-j)PREP ADV

PREP

CONJUNCTION

DIGRESSION: BUT – parts of speech• BUT can be a CONJUNCTION:

– It wasn’t the red skirt but the blue one.– By the end of the day we were tired but happy.– I am sorry but I can’t stay any longer.– I had no choice but to sign the contract.

• BUT can be an ADVERB:– There were a lot of celebrities there: Tom Cruise and Angelina Jolie, to

name but two.• BUT can be a NOUN:

– With so many ifs and buts, it is better to wait.• BUT can be a PREPOSITON:

– The problem was anything but easy.– Everyone was there but him.– I came last but one in the race. (next to last)

BASIC PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS

PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS

SPACE

TIME

PROCESSCONTINGENCY

OTHER MEANINGS

SPACEPrepositions denoting spatial relations can be classified into several subgroups on the

basis of two criteria:

TYPE OF REFERENCE POINT

STATIC OR DYNAMIC POSITION

Type of reference point:

TIME

PROCESS

CONTINGENCY

OTHER MEANINGS

page 118 – exercise 4 (a-e)

TIME: location TIME: location

SPACE: surface, direction SPACE: location, point

SPACE: point, direction

SPACE: point, direction (destination)

SPACE: surface, location

SPACE: surface, direction

page 118 – exercise 4 (f-j)

CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal

CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal

SPACE: area, direction

CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: location, point

TIME: metaphorical extension of the meaning of space

page 118 – exercise 4 (k-o)

SPACE: surface, direction

SPACE: line, location, relative position

SPACE: metaphorical extension of space

PROCESS: instrument

PROCESS: instrument

page 119 – exercise 4 (p-t)CONTINGENCY: cause, reason PROCESS: agent

TIME: location PROCESS: manner

PROCESS: manner

CONTINGENCY: condition

OTHER: respect

CONTINGENCY: concession

THE ENDOF PREPOSITIONS AND THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

THE LAST TOPIC BEFORE THE MID-TERM EXAM

ADVERBIALS

Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d)

AdvP

finite clause

verbless clause

PP PP finite clausePP

Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) non-finite clause AdvP finite clause

PP non-finite clause AdvP

PP

AdvP PP

PP PP

Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k)

PP

verbless clause PP

non-finite clause

Page 128 – exercise 2 (a-d)

adjunct

disjunct adjunct

adjunct

adjunct

PP

AdvP PP

-ING (n-f) clause

AdvP

Page 128 – exercise 2 (e-h)

adjunct adjunct

adjunct

conjunct

adjunct adjunct

PP PP

AdvP OR NP

INF (n-f) clause

finite clause AdvP

Page 128 – exercise 2 (i-l)

adjunct adjunct

adjunct

adjunct

adjunct

AdvP NP

AdvP

AdvP

AdvP

Page 128 – exercise 2 (m-p)

adjunct

adjunct adjunct

adjunct

adjunct

finite clause

PP AdvP OR NP

AdvP

AdvP

LET’S NOW GO BACK TO…

EXERCISE #1 AND ANALYZE THE FUNCTIONS THERE.

Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d)

AdvP

finite clause

verbless clause

PP PP finite clausePP

adjunct

adjunct

adjunct

adjunct adjunct adjunctadjunct

Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) non-finite clause AdvP finite clause

PP non-finite clause AdvP

PP

AdvP PP

PP PP

disjunct adjunct adjunct

conjunct adjunctadjunct adjunct adjunct

adjunct

adjunct adjunct

Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k)

PP

verbless clause PP

non-finite clause

adjunct

adjunct adjunct

disjunct

THE ENDThank you for your time!