Practically Delivering Energy-ReducingTechnology To Optimise Efficiency On The Ground

Practically Delivering Energy-Practically Delivering Energy-ReducingReducing

Technology To Optimise Technology To Optimise Efficiency On The GroundEfficiency On The Ground

Andy Watson Andy Watson CEngCEng

Former BAA Energy ManagerFormer BAA Energy Manager

Sim Energy Ltd

AgendaAgenda

The practicalities of energy efficiency The practicalities of energy efficiency retrofitretrofit

Easing implementationEasing implementation

Training and auditing to assist deliveryTraining and auditing to assist delivery

Measuring performance improvementMeasuring performance improvement

Who is…..Who is…..

? If it’s going to be done….

Cost and Space ImplicationsCost and Space Implications

As of 2001:

Annual utility spend £40 million

Total 10yr Investment: £15 million

Overall saving £6 million

SPB on investment 2.5 years

Reduce CO2 emissions from utilities by 28% on BAU projections by 2010

• Case study – Heathrow Airport

Space implicationsSpace implications

Retrofitting widgets/gadgets rather than Retrofitting widgets/gadgets rather than assetsassets

Replacement assets smaller than originalReplacement assets smaller than originalElectronics replacing mechanicsElectronics replacing mechanicsControls more reliable – less maintenanceControls more reliable – less maintenance Integrate suppliers, engineering and Integrate suppliers, engineering and

specialist contractorsspecialist contractors

The Business CaseThe Business Casefor The Energy Retrofitfor The Energy Retrofit

??????Marginal Preferable

Maximising the ReturnsMaximising the Returns(Telling the real story)(Telling the real story)

Increasing cost of utilities + inflationIncreasing cost of utilities + inflation

Comparison to other capital investmentsComparison to other capital investments

Infrastructure savingsInfrastructure savings

IRR/NPV not simple pay backIRR/NPV not simple pay back

Simple Payback

£1,000,000 investment£100,000 annual saving

SPB = 10yrsIRR = 10%

Full Financial Appraisal

£1,000,000 investment£100,000 annual saving

+ increase in utilities+ infrastructure savings over 10 yrs

PBI = 8yrsIRR = 26.5%REJE

CTED

Distribution of InvestmentDistribution of Investment

Construction88%

On-costs9%

Risk3%

Minimising the CostsMinimising the Costs

Construction

RiskOn-costs

Asset-based investmentSo lu t i on-based in ves tment

Asset-base InvestmentAsset-base Investment

Maximised opportunities AND cost efficiencyMaximised opportunities AND cost efficiency

Scale of opportunity(CO2t/an)

Mitigation cost($$$/CO2t/an)

The OutcomeThe Outcome

A series of asset-focussed sub-strategies A series of asset-focussed sub-strategies e.g.e.g.

Distribution of InvestmentDistribution of InvestmentChiller

8%Lighting

9%

Heat generation3%

H/C water distribution

21%

Baggage handling7%

Lifts, travs, escalators

13%

BMS8%

Air distribution28%

Small power3%

Costs

Chiller20%

Lighting5%

Heat generation7%

H/C w ater distribution10%

Baggage handling5%

Lifts, travs, escalators6%

BMS14%

Air distribution30%

Small power3%

Savings

The EffectsThe Effects Construction:

Discount for volumes

Space optimised

Risk:

Easier mitigation actions

Consistent suppliers – case studies

Repetitive -> reliable installation

On-costs:

Fewer projects

Quicker delivery

Implementation of the AssetImplementation of the AssetThe Maintenance Integration ProcessThe Maintenance Integration Process

Concept Options Design Delivery Operation

When?When?

Who?Who?

Performance ImprovementPerformance ImprovementYear on year performanceYear on year performanceSpecific energy measuresSpecific energy measures

By nature of businessBy nature of businessProperty – energy/mProperty – energy/m22

Manufacturing – energy/item madeManufacturing – energy/item madeCommercial – energy/turnoverCommercial – energy/turnover

By nature of equipmentBy nature of equipmentAir conditioning – energy/Degree dayAir conditioning – energy/Degree dayEscalators – energy/m ascentEscalators – energy/m ascent

All influenced by other driving factors – weather, load changes, wear,

CUSUM

Cumulative Sum AnalysisCumulative Sum Analysis

Ref: www.vesma.com

1. Establish a record 1. Establish a record of driving factor of driving factor against energy useagainst energy use

y = 22.568x + 61.55R2 = 0.96

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 5 10 15 20 25

Temp

En

erg

y

2. Plot a scatter graph 2. Plot a scatter graph and establish a trendand establish a trend

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Day

En

erg

y

0

5

10

15

20

25

Tem

p

Prediction

Actual

Temp

3. Make predictions and record actual consumption

(60)

(40)

(20)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

4. Calculate the variation between predicted and actual consumption

(200)

(100)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Day

CU

SU

M e

ner

gy

5. Cumulatively sum the variations

Identify:

• Stable performance

• Optimum performance

• Problems stabilising

• Effects of energy efficiency on stable operation

Example – 3 storey common user office building – chiller energy

Stable operation Fault Fault stabilises Repair Energy efficiencyinstalled

DevolvementDevolvement

Who should do this?Who should do this?

How often?How often?

SummarySummary

Effective implementation is not done soloEffective implementation is not done solo

Communication is everythingCommunication is everything

Some of the best work is done in the officeSome of the best work is done in the office

Proper capital planning will save more Proper capital planning will save more energy per unit spentenergy per unit spent

Thank you for listeningThank you for listening