PRACTICAL PET-ANIMAL MEDICINE (PTR) Dr/ Abd Elghany Hefnawy.

PRACTICAL PET-ANIMAL

MEDICINE(PTR)

Dr/ Abd Elghany Hefnawy

Clinical examination of body temperature

Dr / Abd Elghany Hefnawy

1-Physiological aspect on the body temperature

2-Internal body temperature

3-Clinical significance of taking of body temperature

Points of studying

-Higher animals are homeothermal (What means)

1-Physiological aspect on the body temperature

Maximum efficiency of thermoregulation occurred by

combined action between

Thermoreceptores which present on the skin and certain mucous membranes

Thermodetectores that present on the

hypothalamic part of the brain.+

Thermoregulatory mechanism mainly

-Hypothalmus-Thermoregulatory center

-Thyroid hormone-Glucagon

Neural Hormonal

Regulation of heat production and loss mechanisms

Main organs of heat

productionSkeletal muscles

(80%)Liver and heart

Heat loss-Vaporization-Sweating (not in pets)-Radiation-Respiration

2-Internal body temperature The internal body

temperature that detected clinically is not indicator to the total heat production in the body, but it is indicator to the steady stage of the thermal balance in the body between the heat loss and heat production in the body.

The body temperature in the animal taken rectally by using of the clinical blunt bulb thermometer.

If cannot be done rectally?

Purchase a digital pet thermometer at your local pet supply store.

1

2- Control of the animal by its owner

2

Clean the thermometer with rubbing alcohol.

3

Apply petroleum jelly or mineral oil to the thermometer prior to taking a dog's

temperature for lubrication.

4

Lift your dog's tail.

5

Insert the thermometer slowly and gently into your dog's rectum.

6

Hold the thermometer in place until it beeps, or for about 1 to 2 minutes.

7

Remove the thermometer and look at it to see what your dog's temperature is.

8

Clean the thermometer thoroughly with warm water and soap.

9

Normal range of the body temperature in pet animal

- Large breed dog--- 37.5-38.6 C˚.

-Small breed dog--- 38.6-39.2 C˚.

- Cat-- 37.5-39.2 C˚.

AgeBreedSexDaytimePhysiological process

Physiological Factors Affecting In the Body Temperature

3-Clinical significance of taking of body

temperature

Hyperthermia

Hypothermia

Fever

FeverA condition in which the body

temperature is higher than normal which usually due to microbial infection and it is usually accompanied with disturbances in the thermoregulating mechanism.

Pathogenesis

Etiology and predisposing factors

Clinical findings

Biological infection (Bacteria, virus or parasites)

Production of endogenous and exogenous pyrogen

Fever by it three stages

Disturbances in thermoregulation

Increment

FastigiumDecrem

ent

Period of bacteremia, vieremia or parasitemia

-Cutaneous capillaries constriction which leads to dryness and coldness of the skin in addition to:- -Decreased respiration -Decreased urine volume

-Increased heart rate -Shivering of the skeletal muscles.

(I)-Increment or onset stage

(II)- Fastigium (acme) or steady stage

-Temperature is Constant and the demand of the heat Production is subsided while the heat loss is increased that reflected in the Form of peripheral vasodilatation

-(Congested mucous membranes) -In this stage if the animal exposed to changes in the environmental Temperature itmay lead to alteration of the body temperature.

-Effect of the pyrogen is ceased or diminished after the localization of the infective microorganism in its predilection sit (i.e. .after the end of the stage of vireamia or bacteremia) then the stored heat is dissipated and

-The body temperature is fall to normal level accompanied with flaccidity in the muscles and peripheral vasodilatation (as a mechanism of heat loss).

(III)-Decrement or Defervescence Stage

Classification of feverCauses DegreeSeptic fever

(Virus or bacteria)

Aseptic fever(Vaccination, tearing of tissue or surgical

wound)

Low (Laryngitis)

Moderate(Pneumonia)

Sever (peritonitis)

Forms of fever

Forms of feverSimple Laryngitis

Continuous Pneumonia

Remittent Suppurative cases

Intermittent Blood parasites

Recurrent Bronchopneumonia

Atypical Distemper

What about critical Set point of body

temperature?

How you deal with

febrile condition?

Taking of pulseSite of taking of pulse

Superficial

Artery from which the pulse taken should be

Medium sized

Laying in adherence of solid mass as

bone or tendon

Femoral artery

Method of taking of pulse

May be taken from the heart

CHARACTYERS OF THE PULSE IN PETS

Abnormal rate

Pulse (Tachycardia)

Pulse (Bradycardia)

PULSE RATE:

60-90/min In large breed

90-120/min In small breed

110-130/min In cat

Pulse (Tachycardia)

Pulse (Bradycardia)

-Acute pain - Peritonitis - Pyrexia - Pneumonia - Valvular diseases -Toxemia - Great loss of blood

-Debility - Dehydration -Low blood pressure -Some cases of jaundice -Senile dog - Gastric ulcer - Prior to death -Cerebral tumor

PULSE RHYTHM :

PULSE AMPLITUDE OR QUALITY

Normally irregular due to panting

Pulse amplitude means that it is the degree of the digital pressure that required for

obliteration of the pulse waves

ABNORMAL PULSE AMPLITUDE OR QUALITY

Strong Weak Running down

-Pyrexia -Ventricular hypertrophy -Pleurisy - Peritonitis

-Dehydration -Anemia -Myocardial debility-Toxemic condition

Prior to death

AgeBreedSexDaytimePhysiological process

Physiological Factors Affecting In the Pulse

كفااااااااايه

THANKS

QUESTIONS

وسائل التواصل

Email: [email protected]@bu.edu.egFacebook abdelghany hefnawy

حفناوي. الغني عبد دWeb site to download lectures

www.bu.edu.eg/staff/abdelghanyhefnawy(Courses)

Tel 01011676482

Clinical examination of respiration in pets

Dr / Abd Elghany Hefnawy

Type & Rythm of respiration

in pets

CostalIrregular

Rate of respiration

in pets

15-20/min. in dog 20-30 /min. in cat

CHARACTERS ABNORMAL INDICATIONS

1-Rate 15-20/min. in

dog

20-30 /min.

in cat

-Hyperpnoea

-Polypnaea

-Oligapnoea

-Fever -Exercise

-Pneumonia

-Colic -pleurisy

-Brain diseases

2-Type Costal -Wholly abdominal

-Wholly thoracic

-chest painful conditions

- painful conditions in abd.

3-Amplitude Calm -Labored or deep

-Shallow

-Dyspnoea or obstruction of

upper respiratory tract

-Low oxygen level

-Pneumonia

-Abdominal respiration

4-Rythm Irregular -Prolonged inspiration

-Prolonged expiration

-Dropped respiration

-Syncoptic respiration

-Canine distemper

-Pulmonary emphysema

- Brain diseases

-Shock and near to death

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