Practical Approaches to Ending Extreme Poverty in Africa Jeffrey D. Sachs at the Clinton School of Public Service University of Arkansas March 15, 2006
Dec 13, 2015
Practical Approaches to
Ending Extreme Poverty in
Africa
Jeffrey D. Sachsat the
Clinton School of Public ServiceUniversity of Arkansas
March 15, 2006
Severe malaria
Severe malaria
MAP OF COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE (Total: 27 countries)
FAO/GIEWS December 2005
THREE GREAT CHALLENGES
•Green Revolution
•Health Revolution
•Connectivity Revolution
GREEN REVOLUTION:
Seed, Soils, Water, Climate, Pathogens
FAO Index of Net Food Output per Capita, 1961-2000
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
World E SE Asia South Asia Sub-Sahara
0
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.5
55.5
66.5
77.5
8
Observed On-farm
OfficialOn-farm
On-station Commercialfarmers
Gra
in y
ield
(t
ha
-1)
Zambia
Tanzania
Kenya
Uganda
Ethiopia
Burkina Faso
Niger
Botswana
Zimbabwe
The Yield GapReported Grain yield levels Some observations from sub-Saharan Africa
Cereal Yields
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Year
Kg
per
Hec
tare East Asia and Pacific
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
World Bank World Development Indicators
Irrigated Cropland
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Year
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f al
l Cro
pla
nd
China
India
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
World Bank World Development Indicators
Fertilizer
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Year
100
gra
ms
per
hec
tare
East Asia and Pacif ic
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
World Bank World Development Indicators
HEALTH REVOLUTION:
Infectious disease control, human resources, public awareness,
logistics
Malaria Ecology Index
Sub-Saharan Africa has the Highest Prevalence
of Nine Neglected Tropical Diseases
Condition Cases in Africa Proportion of Global Burden in Africa
Hookworm 198 million 27%-34%
Ascariasis 173 million 14%-22%
Schistosomiasis 166 million 89%
Trichuriasis 162 million 20%-26%
Trachoma 33 million 40%
Lymphatic Filariasis 46 million 38%
Onchocerciasis 18 million 99%
Trypanosomiasis 0.5 million 100%
Dracunculiasis <0.1 million 100%
Geographic Overlap of Hookworm and Malaria
CONNECTIVITY REVOLUTION:
Roads, rail, ports, telecommunications, internet
A Comparison of Railway Networks in Africa and India
THE ECONOMIC STRATEGY
•Rural Sector: From “Sub-subsistence”to Commercial Agriculture
•Urban Sector: From informality toInternational Competitiveness in Manufactures and Services
•Demographic Transition
Rural Sector
Community-led development
through
Millennium Villages
Millennium Research Villages
Urban Development
Promote global competitiveness inurban areas through investmentsin key infrastructure and attraction ofFDI
Millennium Cities Project
Demographic Transition:
Total Fertility Rate below 3.0
by 2015
Maternal empowerment, girls’ education,Child survival, contraceptive availability,
Family planning
He
alth
Infr
a
Wa
ter
Ag
ric
Ed
uc
En
vir
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
Recommended
Current
Sector ODA Per African Per Annum: Recommended versus CurrentSource: OECD DAC, 2003
Note: ODA net of Technical Cooperation
The Scientific Challenges
Ecologically placed scienceOperations Research and evaluationUnderstanding Anthropogenic ChangeR&D for the Poor:
health, agriculture, energy, connectivity, water, training and systems (management and finance)
THANK YOU !