PR O SES PEMBENTUK A N D AN JENIS - JENIS PLESE TAN … · PR O SES PEMBENTUK A N D AN JENIS - JENIS PLESE TAN SAT UAN LI NGU AL Tug a s A k hir D iajukan u ntuk Memen u hi Salah

SINEJ NAD NAKUTNEBMEP SESORP - SINEJESELP LAUGNIL NAUTAS NAT

rihkA saguT tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

aisenodnI artsaS anajraS raleG helorepmeM aisenodnI artsaS idutS margorP

helO

ododiW tamhcaR

:MIN 230411430

AISENODNI ARTSAS IDUTS MARGORP

ARTSAS SATLUKAF AISENODNI ARTSAS NASURUJ

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

1102 rebotkO

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

SINEJ NAD NAKUTNEBMEP SESORP - SINEJESELP AS NAT LAUGNIL NAUT

rihkA saguT D u nakujai tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutn

aisenodnI artsaS anajraS raleG helorepmeM aisenodnI artsaS idutS margorP

helO

ododiW tamhcaR

:MIN 230411430

AISENODNI ARTSAS IDUTS MARGORP

ARTSAS SATLUKAF AISENODNI ARTSAS NASURUJ

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

rebotkO 1102


ii


iii


vi

OTTOM

nakididnep irad rihkaret naujuT .amases adapek nanayalep halada

naaskamep halnakub nakididneP

lafahgnem kutnu adum aisunam sata lah - .nakapul akerem areges naka gnay lah

dneP nakgnabmegnem sesorp halada nakidi

naupmamek nad naatnicek ,amases nayalep idajnem kutnu

tamhar iagabes rajalep arap nakidajnem gnay aynah nakub gnay napudihek igab

,naksuret akerem naka .naksurul akerem surah amaturet ipat

hugeT oiraM


v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

ayaS kadit ini silut ayas gnay rihka sagut awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem

malad naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem

iagabes akatsup ratfad nad napituk .haimli ayrak aynkayal anam

,atrakaygoY 21 2102 iraunaJ

siluneP

ododiW tamhcaR


iv

KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN ododiW tamhcaR :

MIN 230411430 :

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU P sesorP“ nad nakutnebme

sineJ - L nautaS nateselP sineJ ”laugni .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb

ayas ,naikimed nagneD amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem

kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kah

lakgnap tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad na

ayas irad niji atnimem apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial gnay aidem uata

nakirebmem nupuam itlayor adapek ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas

.silunep iagabes

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

laggnat adaP 21 2102 iraunaJ

akataynem gnaY n

ododiW tamhcaR


iiv

KARTSBA

.1102 .tamhcaR ,ododiW ” sineJ nad nakutnebmeP sesorP - sineJ nateselP nautaSlaugniL ” spirkS . .)1S( utaS atartS i ,aisenodnI artsaS idutS margorP

odnI artsaS nasuruJ artsaS satlukaF ,aisen .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,

“ gnatnet sahabid ini ispirks malaD sineJ nad nakutnebmeP sesorP - sineJnateselP laugniL nautaS .ini naitilenep malad sahabid gnay nalaosrep aud adA .”

nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp ,amatreP laugnil nautas sinej ,audeK . - nateselp sinejil nautas laugn m ,amatrep ,utiay ini naitilenep naujuT . sesorp nakispirksedne

eselp nakutnebmep nat laugnil nautas . audeK sinej nakispirksednem , - sinej nateselpgnil nautas aisenodnI asahab lau .

nateselp halada ini naitilenep malad kejbO laugnil nautas . rebmuS malad atadtapadret gnay nasilut halada ini naitilenep adap natukgna libom ,sub ,kurt kab , nad

id sutis aparebeb tenretni nateselp sahabmem gnay nakanuggnem ini naitileneP .ed edotem s D .fitatilauk fitpirk arac nagned utiay ,kamis edotem nagned helorepid ata

.atad rebmus kamiynem tatac kinket halada nakanugid gnay kinkeT nagned utiay ,natakgnis ,minorka ,atak tatacnem haubes iric ikilimem gnay tamilak uata ,asarf ,

sisilanaid naka gnay lepmas aparebeb libmagnem silunep ,ayntujnaleS .nateselpatad nakisakifisalkgnem naidumek aynnakutnebmep sesorp turunem - tubesret atad

sinej nagned iauses - .aynsinej

nadap edotem halada nakanugid gnay sisilana edoteM . halada nadap edoteMla gnay atad sisilana edotem ,sapelret ,raul id aynutnenep ta naigab idajnem kadit nad

( asahab irad eugnal .natukgnasreb gnay ) halada inis id nakanugid gnay nadap edoteM nadap edotem ro tala utiay ,sifargot .nasilut apureb aynutnenep nakanuggnem nialeS

naitilenep malad sisilana edotem iagabes nakanugid aguj higa edotem ,nadap edotem iridnes uti asahab irad lasareb aynutnenep kejbo gnay edotem utiay higa edoteM .ini

rusnu nakispirksednem isgnufreb gnay - usnu itiletid naka gnay atad irad r siluneP . kinket nad itnag kinket utiay ,higa edotem irad natujnal kinket aparebeb nakanuggnem

.saulrep

laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp ,nakukalid halet gnay sisilana iraDapad :tukireb iagabes nakirogetakid t gnem nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp )1( nakanug

naniamrep nakanuggnem nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp )2( ;akgna naniamrep apureb nakednemep sesorp )4( ;natakgnis apureb nakednemep sesorp )3( ;nagnalib iynub isaisosa nagned gnisa asahab kutneb nagned nakutnebmep sesorp )5( ;minorka

ep sesorp )8( nad nagned nateselp nakutnebm asarf rusnu utas halas nahaburep .ayn


iiiv

nakisakifisalkid tapad laugnil nautas nateselp ,aynsinej nakrasadreb uajnitiDidajnem : nateselp )3( ;)furuh( sifarg nateselp )2( ;)iynub( sigolonof nateselp )1(

elp )4( nad ,)nokiskel( simefrom .)kitnames( sigoloedi nates


xi

TCARTSBA

.1102 .tamhcaR ,ododiW ”stinU laugniL fo dniK dna gnimroF fo ssecorP” .spirkS .)1S( utaS atartS i nasuruJ ,aisenodnI artsaS idutS margorP

odnI artsaS artsaS satlukaF ,aisen .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,

laugniL fo dniK dna gnimroF fo ssecorP“ tuoba dessucsid si siseht sihT noitamrof eht ,tsriF .hcraeser siht ni dessucsid smelborp owt erew erehT .”stinU naisenodnI fo snup fo sepyt eht ,dnoces ;stinu laugnil naisenodnI fo snup fo ssecorp

sihT .stinu laugnil snup fo ssecorp noitamrof eht ebircsed ot ,tsrif ,demia saw hcraeser laugnil naisenodnI fo snup fo sepyt eht ebircsed ot ,dnoces ;stinu laugnil naisenodnI fo

.stinu

erew secruoser atad ehT .stinu laugnil fo snup saw hcraeser siht fo tcejbo ehTnart cilbup si taht tenretni eht morf dna ,srac thgierf ,sesub ,setagliat sa hcus noitatrops

.evitatilauq evitpircsed saw hcraeser siht ni desu dohtem ehT .snup tuoba dessucsid atad eht ot gninetsil .e.i ,gninetsil fo dohtem eht gnisu detcelloc erew atad ehT

secruoser laugnil fo mrof eht ni atad nettirw erew dezylana atad eht ,hcraeser siht nI . secnetnes ro ,sesarhp ,snoitaiverbba ,smynorca ,sdrow fo seton gnikat yb ,snup tinu eb dluow taht selpmas emos koot retirw eht ,neht dnA .snup fo scitsiretcarahc dah taht

zylana eht no desab atad esoht deifissalc neht dna ,ssecorp noitamrof eht no desab de.sepyt

atad a saw dohtem gnihctaM .dohtem gnihctam gnisu dezylana erew atad ehT trap a ton dna ,tnednepedni ,edistuo morf sloot gninimreted eht htiw dohtem sisylana

l detaler fo gnihctam yhpargohtro saw ereh desu dohtem gnihctam ehT .egaugna noitroppa ,dohtem gnihctam gnisu sediseB .cihparg yb denimreted eb nac taht ,dohtem a si dohtem noitroppA .hcraeser siht ni dohtem sisylana eht sa desu saw dohtem

t gninimreted eht htiw dohtem eht sebircsed hcihw flesti egaugnal eht morf era sloo .dohtem noitroppa fo seuqinhcet emos desu retirw ehT .atad dezylana eht fo stnemele

.euqinhcet dnapxe dna euqinhcet gnicalper erew yehT

isenodnI fo snup fo noitamrof eht noitamrof eht ,sisylana eht morF laugnil na rebmun gnisu ssecorp noitamrof nup )1( ,gniwollof sa dezirogetac eb dluoc stinu sa ssecorp gninetrohs )3( ;semag rebmun gnisu ssecorp noitamrof nup )2( ;semag mrof eht ni ssecorp noitamrof )5( ;smynorca fo ssecorp gninetrohs )4( ;snoitaiverbba

o htiw ssecorp noitamrof nup )6( dna ;snoitaicossa dnuos eht htiw segaugnal ngierof f.stnemele esarhp eht fo eno fo egnahc eht


x

)1( sa deifissalc eb dluoc snup tinu laugnil ,sepyt eht no desab dessessA ;)srettel( snup cihparg )2( ;)sdnuos( snup lacigolonohp ;)nocixel( snup cimehprom )3(

.)scitnames( snup lacigoloedi )4( dna


ix

RATNAGNEP ATAK

atnelat nad ,ainurak ,takreb sata sutsirK suseY nahuT adapek rukuys nad ijuP

nakirebid gnay - tapad silunep aggnihes ayN sagut iagabes ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

satlukaF id artsas anajras raleg helorepmem tarays utas halas ihunemem kutnu rihka

atanaS satisrevinU ,aisenodnI artsaS idutS margorP ,aisenodnI artsaS nasuruJ ,artsaS

dujreb silunep nususid gnay rihka saguT .amrahD “ lu sineJ nad nakutnebmeP sesorP -

sineJ nateselP laugnil nautaS ”.

sagut naiaseleynep aggnih napaisrep sesorp malad awhab iradaynem siluneP

lah nakrasadreB .kahip iagabreb nagnukud nad nautnab irad sapelret kadit ini rihka

nahadnerek alages nagned ,tubesret :adapek hisak amiret nakpacugnem silunep ,itah

.1 .srD amiret asaR .I gnibmibmep nesod iagabes muH .M ,onotnA yreH hisak

krutah silunep nad narabasek sata uaileb adapek na ek malad naitilet

nep gnibmibmem silu amireT .ini rihka sagut nanusuynep sesorp amales hisak

usam ,tagnames sata k aynrihka ini rihka sagut aggnihes naitahrep nad ,nak

.lamiskam nagned nakiaselesret tapad

.2 .forP .I .rD ukales muH .M ,idayraB omotparP esod asaR .II gnibmibmep n

rep nad narabasek sata uaileb adapek nakrutah silunep hisak amiret ,naitah

nad ,nakusam ,naras kaynab irebmem atres gnibmibmem aides pais ulales

.narikimep


iix

.3 ,.muH .M ,otnamhaR .B .srD :aisenodnI artsaS idutS margorP nesod huruleS

,hisardnajT .rF .arD ,.muH .M ,oygabuS irA .P .srD ,.S.M ,osotnaS .X.F .srD

P .E.S ,.muH .M muaT ipaY pesoY .srD ,.muH .M ,.S.S ,ijdA ine M , . .muH ,

lakeb kaynab nakirebmem halet gnay ,.AM ,US ,anajiW utuP aweD .I .rD .forP

.silunep adapek umli nad

.4 S satlukaF fatS panegeS .ini amales aynnautnab sata artsa

.5 aS satisrevinU naakatsupreP TPU fatS nakirebmem halet gnay amrahD atan

.naakatsupek rebmus naktapadnem malad silunep adapek nanayalep

.6 .onomsA itnayiraM naeJ nad otnasuS sugA leumaS ,silunep aut gnaro audeK

d ,aod sata hisakamireT atres ,isavitom ,tagnames ,nagnuku utigeb gnay hisak

ad raseb sibah adait n - .aynsibah

.7 mireT .aridN htebazilE ,ukkidA naairecek sata hisaka nad nagnukud ,tagnames ,

.aynaod

.8 kamireT .aiiaM .H.N ,ukatniC hisa irah sata - atik hadni irah kutnu aguJ .

suret gnay nagnukud nad ,tagnames ,naitregnep .surenem

.9 nameT - s namet artsaS id natakgna aumes nad 3002 natakgna id uknagnaujrepe

naamasrebek kutnu hisakamireT .aisenodnI ayn .ini amales

.01 nameT - sok namet naairecek ,awat adnac kutnu hisakamireT .onoroggnuT

.aynnagnukud nad tagnames kutnu aguJ .ini amales


iiix

.11 y kahip aumeS sesorp naracnalek utnabmem nad gnukudnem halet gna

.ini rihka sagut naiaseleynep

irad huaj hisam ini nususid gnay rihka sagut awhab iradaynem siluneP

amirenem akubret nagned nad itah gnanes nagned silunep ,uti anerak helO .anrupmes

tirk nad ,naras ,nakusam ,atak rihkA .ini rihka sagut padahret nugnabmem gnay ki

aumes nakiabek alages salabmem nanekreb sutsirK suseY nahuT parahreb silunep

igab taafnam awabmem ini ini rihka sagut agomeS .utnabmem halet gnay kahip

.umli nagnabmegnep

siluneP

ododiW tamhcaR


vix

LEBAT RATFAD

.1.2 LEBAT P laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesor ........................... 85

.1.3 LEBAT sineJ - laugniL nautaS nateselP sineJ ................................ ............ 97

.1.4 LEBAT nakutnebmeP sesorP sisilanA lisaH isalutipakeR

sineJ nad - laugniL nautaS nateselP sineJ ................................ .... 78


vx

GNABMAL RATFAD

↓ : kkujnunem ek laugnil nautas nahaburep na aynnauca kutneb


ivx

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ............ ii

IJUGNEP NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ .................... iii

OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .................... vi

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ........................ v

ISASKILBUP NAUJUTESREP RABMEL ................................ ................. iv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... iiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ .................... xi

RATFAD LEBAT ................................ ................................ ........................... x vi

RATFAD GNABMAL ................................ ................................ ................... xv

RATFAD ISI ................................ ................................ ................................ ... vx i

:I BAB NAULUHADNEP

gnakaleB rataL .1.I ................................ ................................ ........................... 1

.2.I halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ...................... 2

naitileneP naujuT .3.I ................................ ................................ ....................... 2

naitileneP taafnaM .4.I ................................ ................................ ..................... 2


iivx

akatsuP nauajniT .5.I ................................ ................................ ........................ 3

iroeT nasadnaL .6.I ................................ ................................ ........................... 6

lakitamarG nautaS .1.6.I ................................ ................................ ........... 6

.2.6.I nateselP asahaB naitregneP ................................ ............................. 8

kutneB .3.6.I - nateselP asahaB kutneB ................................ ...................... 9

nateselP naatpicneP sesorP .4.6.I furuH nad ,nagnaliB ,akgnA ............... 11

.6.I 5 . sineJ nateselP asahaB ................................ ................................ ...... 61

.I 7 . naitileneP edoteM naitileneP kinkeT nad ................................ .................. 20

.I 7. .1 ataD nalupmugneP pahaT ................................ ................................ 12

.I 7. .2 ataD sisilanA pahaT ................................ ................................ ....... 12

.I 7. .3 ataD sisilanA lisaH naijayneP pahaT ................................ ............. 32

.I 8. naijayneP akitametsiS ................................ ................................ ................ 32

NAKUTNEBMEP SESORP :II BAB SINEJ NAD – NATESELP SINEJ

LAUGNIL NAUTAS

1.2 . nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP laugniL apureB

akgnA naniamreP ................................ ................................ ...................... 52

1.1.2 . per iagabes akgnA aisenodnI asahab isatneser ................................ 52

2 .1. sirggnI asahab isatneserper iagabes akgnA .2 ................................ .... 92

3.1.2 . aohgnoiT asahab isatneserper iagabes akgnA ................................ 30


iiivx

2.2 . laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP apureB

nagnaliB naniamreP ................................ ................................ .................. 31


furuH naniamreP ................................ ................................ ...................... 43


nagnajnameP natakgniS ................................ ................................ ............ 53

5.2 . meP sesorP apureB laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutneb

nagnajnameP minorkA ................................ ................................ ............ 40

6.2 . apureB laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP

sA kutneB iynuB isaisosA nagneD gni ................................ ..................... 54

7.2 . laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP nagneD

nahabureP utaS halaS asarF rusnU ................................ .......................... 51

NEJ :III BAB SI - LAUGNIL NAUTAS NATESELP SINEJ

1.3 . sigolonoF nateselP ................................ ................................ ..................... 61

1.1.3 . olonoF nateselP akgna naniamrep apureb sig ................................ .. 61

2.1.3 . sigolonoF nateselP nagnalib naniamrep apureb .............................. 36

3.1.3 . olonoF nateselP h naniamrep apureb sig furu ................................ ... 56

4.1.3 . gnisa asahab kutneb apureb sigolonoF nateselP

iynub isaisosa nagned ................................ ................................ ..... 56


xix

5.1.3 . aburep nagned sigolonoF nateselP asarf rusnu utas halas nah ......... 86

2.3 . sifarG nateselP ................................ ................................ ........................... 17

3.3 . simefroM nateselP ................................ ................................ ..................... 47

4.3 . sigoloedI nateselP ................................ ................................ ...................... 77

PUTUNEP :VI BAB

1.4 . nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ................................ 38

2.4 . naraS ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 09

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ..................... 19


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.1 gnakaleB rataL

adap idajret gnay nagneweleyneP nateselp laugnil nautas nagnat id adareb

haubes hotnoc iagabeS .ayntaubmep natakgnis KNTS id isnevnok kutneb malad gnay

pek iagabes amiretid takaraysam akedne irad n naaradneK romoN adnaT taruS naka ,

oes nagnat id alib ipatet rotaerk gnar nateselp gnay b gnadib id tulegreb kurt ka

tubesret natakgnis ,aynlasim id teselp idajnem nak layneK numaN auT hagneteS .

gnanewesek awhab naksalejnem tubesret naataynreP - nagnanew nateselp adap

abes ,mumu kilim iagabes amiretid nad iukaid aynrasad gnay asahab ada kadit b

.laudividni araces ikilimid

laugnil nautas nateselp ,aynnakutnebmep sesorp irad uajnitiD idajret tapad

iulalem iagabreb sesorp iulalem aynutas halaS . nagnajnamep pureb iagabeS .minorka a

atak hotnoc ologig ikal itrareb lakiskel araces gnay - arahilepid gnay narayab ikal

bes atinaw gnaroes 154 :8002 ,IBBK( hisakek iaga ,) idajnem nakteselpid aubes h

aynnagnajnapek gnay minorka idajnem oyOL gnayOG narilIG . sesorp ,uti nialeS

laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep pad ,akgna naniamrep iulalem idajret ta

,aynlasiM .furuh naniamrep nad ,nagnalib naniamrep rem - 321 - kcul , lrig owt llik ehs ,

nad WDJC .


2

nateselP - laugnil nautas nateselp limem i nagned nakutnebmep sesorp ik

gnisam gnay arac macam iagabreb - nakinuek ikilimem gnisam nad iridnesret

.aynsisilanagnem malad natamrecek nakulrepid naka ini naitilenep ,uti irad akaM

sinej nad nakutnebmep sesorp adap naksukofmem - .laugnil nautas nateselp sinej

tare nagnubuhreb nad aisenodnI asahab malad rubus pukuc nateselp tagnigneM

ub nagned kutnu gnorodret asarem silunep akam ,)552 :3002 inarabiS( aisenodnI ayad

.ini naitilenep nakukalem

.2 halasaM nasumuR

ini naitilenep gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB nahalasamrep naksumurid tapad ,

:tukireb iagabes

.1.2 teselp nakutnebmep sesorp anamiagaB na laugnil nautas ?

.2.2 j ajas apA sine - nej laugnil nautas nateselp si ?

.3 naitileneP naujuT

,nakaracibid gnay nahalasamrep nakrasadreB ini naitilenep naujut ikilimem

tukireb iagabes :

.1.3 eselp nakutnebmep sesorp nakispirksedneM as nat ut laugnil na .

.2.3 sinej nakispirksedneM - sinej s nateselp laugnil nauta .

.4 naitileneP taafnaM

ianegnem naitileneP sinej nad nakutnebmep sesorp - nautas nateselp sinej

laugnil ini tukireb iagabes taafnam aparebeb ikilimem :


3

.1.4 siteroeT taafnaM

(1) tapad ini naitilenep lisah ,igolofrom gnadib malaD gnay iroet ayakrepmem

natiakreb nakednemep naatpicnep sesorp nagned .minorka nad natakgnis apureb

)2( gnadib malaD takikah saulrepmem tapad ini naitilenep lisah ,kitamgarp

utas irad ankaM .ankam gnatnet gnapmiynem utnet muleb nakteselpid gnay laugnil na

irad .nagnubuhreb tagnas asib urtsuj ipat ,aynnauca kutneb ankam

.2.4 sitkarP taafnaM

,nasagag nakdujuwem kutnU kutneb malad aynutas halas ,asahab nakulrepid

nateselp kutneB .nateselp gid gnay tagnas nakanu u narepreb nasep nakiapmaynem kutn

ad id tapadret gnay nateselp mal .tubesret iagabes taafnamreb ini naitilenep lisaH

nakiapmasid nigni gnay nasep imahamem kutnu takaraysam adapek namahamep

s ,nateselp rotaerk nateselp malad tapadret gnay nasep aggnihe nakiapmasret tapad

nupiksem kutneb nakanuggnem .itregnemid tilus gnay

akatsuP nauajniT .5

hanrep gnay naveler naitileneP gnatnet nakukalid nateselp halada “ sisilanA

netalK namajakeP gnudaD soaK adap lautskeT ,” sirhC ayrak ayraK .D.W irS anit

haimli ksumurem lisahreb ini ispirks apureb lah na - tukireb iagabes lah . ,amatreP

k asahab kitsiretkara nateselp sapel uata ukalreb gnay asahab hadiak irad gnapmiynem

padahret sitirk pakis uata laisos kitirk tapadret ,aynranebes gnay napakgnu irad

apudihek anemonef nauculek nad nagnanesek apureb rubihgnem rusnu ada ,laisos n

aynah aynrutut kadnit ,romuh rusnu gnudnagnem nakanugid gnay asahab anerak


4

id utnetret nagnalak helo itregnem naugibmaek naklubminem nad , . ,audeK b kutne

asahab nateselp naggnep itupilem ,atak naitnaggnep ,ebalis naitnaggnep( menof nait

nahabmanep ,)sitnames naitnaggnep nad ,tamilak naitnaggnep ,asualk naitnaggnep

kutneb nad ,ebalis naudamep ,ebalis nahasimep ,menof nagnalihgnep ,asualk nad atak

ka esarfarap ,natakgnis esarfarap( esarfarap nor )atak esarfarap nad ,mi ,agiteK . f isgnu

asahab nateselp isgnuf ,emsimefue isgnuf ,sitirk isgnuf ,fitakinumok isgnuf itupilem

.sitetse isgnuf nad ,fitaerker isgnuf ,fitaerk

id hanrep gnay nial naitileneP nateselp nagned tiakret nakukal halada “ sisilanA

aW udagaD soaK adaP anac ,” nalupmisek kiranem lisahreb ini ispirkS .itnawruP ayrak

f ,amatreP .tukireb iagabes anemone - asahab malad lucnum gnay kitamgarp anemonef

.rutakilpmi nad ,napaggnaarp ,isnerefni itupilem ajdkojD udagaD soak adap nateselp

esret anemoneF ankam nagnudnak ikilimem gnay nateselp asahab tabika lucnum tub

nad narikimep pahat aparebeb nakhutubmem asahab paites narisfaneP .kitamgarp

nauhategnep gnukudid nad sketnok padahret namahamep naktabilem ratupes

t ,audeK .pukuc gnay napakgnu aatpicnep kinke lp asahab n e udagaD soak adap nates

taumem gnay amas ajrek pisnirp nagnapmiynep naktaafnamem ajdkojD

nagnapmiynep ,satilauk miskam nagnapmiynep ,satitnauk miskam nagnapmiynep

soak adap nateselp asahaB .naanaskalep miskam nagnapmiynep nad ,isnaveler miskam

D kepsa ,gnisa napakgnu kutneb ,natakgnis kutneb naktaafnamem aguj ajdkojD udaga

nad isautis tnemliatne elupop lausiv kepsa , iynub kepsa ,r , ,agiteK .relupop ugal nad

t itupilem ajdkojD udagaD soak adap nateselp asahab adap tapadret gnay rutut kadni

nateselp asahab nakanerakid ini laH .isukolrep kadnit nad ,isukoli kadnit ,isukol kadnit


5

nateselp kutneb iagabes niales utnetret duskam gnudnagnem udagaD soak adap

kaM .atames kutnu acabmep ihuragnepmem nad kujubmem itupilem tubesret dus

naujutreb ajdkojD udagaD soak adap nateselp nakaynabeK .lah utaus nakukalem

.atrakaygoY atasiwirap isomorp aidem iagabes

ayntujnales naitileneP halada alajeG :nateselP ?asahaB iskurtsnokeD kitrA le

malad idayraB omotarP .I helo silutid gnay naayadubeK haimlI lanruJ sisetniS :3002(

73 - )15 sumurem lisahreb ini lah nak - ,amatreP .tukireb iagabes lah p nakapurem natesel

utneb halada lobejid gnay isnevnoK .asahab nalobejnep sinej utas halas uata ,ankam ,k

audek - p ,audeK .aynaud rotkes nakrasadreB .asahab rotkes aumes adap tapadret natesel

utiay ,sinej saleb aud idajnem nakadebid tapad nateselp ,uti asahab : furuh nateselp

elp ,iminomoh nateselp ,sirofatem nateselp ,natakgnis nateselp ,atak adap atak nates

nateselp ,minorka idajnem esarf uata atak nateselp ,natakgnis idajnem esarf uata

fitaisosa nateselp ,sisetatem - ek nateselp ,fitakolok s nateselp ,iynub napirimek na

nacaw nateselp ,asahabirep p ,agiteK .asahabratna nateselp nad ,a ikilimem natesel

e utiay ,labrev isakinumok malad isgnuf man : ,kitirkgnem ,uculem isgnuf

emsakras ,emsimifue ,duskam naiynubmeynep , .sinsib nad aynisgnuf tahilem nagneD

abres gnay ini taas isautis padahret nopser nakapurem nateselp awhab kapmat ,uti

besid gnires uata habureb .fitkurtsnoked isautis tu

silunep nakukalid gnay naitileneP ini natapmesek adap ludujreb “ nateselP

iL nautaS aisenodnI asahaB laugn .” nateselP - nateselp tapadret gnay ini naitilenep adap

utas adap ukapret kadit .utnetret halitsi nupuam gnadib :naksukofmem ini naitileneP

p ,amatreP nakirogetakid tapad gnay laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep sesor


6

sesorp ,akgna naniamrep nakanuggnem nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp idajnem

ib naniamrep nakanuggnem nateselp nakutnebmep nagnajnamep sesorp ,nagnal

akgnis gnisa asahab kutneb nagned nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp ,minorka nad nat

burep nagned nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp nad ,iynub isaisosa nagned utas halas naha

asarf rusnu .ayn d ,audeK ynsinej nakrasadreb uajniti laugnil nautas nateselp ,a

dajnem nakisakifisalkid nateselp ,)furuh( sifarg nateselp ,)iynub( sigolonof nateselp i

.)kitnames( sigoloedi nateselp nad ,simefrom

enep aratna nagnubuH naitilenep nagned nateselp ianegnem uluhadret naitil

id tapad nateselP .ipakgnelem gnilas tafisreb gnarakes ratat malad sisilana tamgarp na ik

lanagnem nagned anemonef sisi - kitamgarp anemonef tapad aguj nateselP .lucnum gnay

malaD .aynnakutnebmep sesorp sisilanagnem nagned igolofrom iges irad uajnitid

p nakumetid ini naitilenep kutneb alu - nagned utiay ,kinu gnay nateselp kutneb

nuggnem kutneb naka - naniamrep nad ,nagnalib naniamrep ,akgna naniamrep kutneb

.furuh

iroeT nasadnaL .6

.1.6 lakitamarG nautaS

,asualk ,asarf tubesid gnay lakitamarg nautas iapmujid tapad siskatnis malaD

pmem tubesret lakitamarg nautas agiteK .tamilak nad gnay nahalasamrep iaynu

ahasureb siskatnis ,asahab umli irad naigab iagabeS .nial amas utas adebreb

rusnu naksalejnem - rusnu aratna nagnubuh atres nautas utaus rusnu - malad uti rusnu


7

002 ,nalmaR( iwankam nagnubuh nupuam lanoisgnuf nagnubuh kiab ,nautas utaus :1

.)91

.1.1.6 asarF

kadit gnay hibel uata atak aud irad iridret gnay kitamarg nautas halai asarF

naamasrep nakrasadreB .)831:1002 ,nalmaR( asualk rusnu isgnuf satab iuapmalem

idajnem nakgnologid tapad asarf ,atak irogetak uata nagnolog nagned isubirtsid tapme

nakA .laibrevda asarf nad ,lavitkejda asarf ,labrev asarf ,lanimon asarf utiay ,nagnolog

,atak nagnolog nagned amas gnay isubirtsid ikilimem kadit gnay asarf aguj ada ,ipatet

bes naped atak irad iridret gnay asarf halai naped asarF .naped asarf utiay iaga

.)861 :1002 ,nalmaR( aynsiska iagabes asarf uata atak helo itukiid ,adnanep

.2.1.6 asualK

irad iridret gnay kitamarg nautas halai asualk ,)97:1002( nalmaR turuneM

katelret gnay apa awhab nakadnanem gnuruk adnaT .)teK( ,)leP( ,)O( ,takiderp ,kejbus

d .kadit helob ,ada helob aynduskam ,akusanam tafisreb uti gnuruk mala

.3.1.6 tamilaK

nakub tamilak nautas nakutnenem gnay ,)12 :1002( nalmaR turuneM

tamilak nautas paiteS .aynisanotni naknialem ,aynrusnu idajnem gnay atak aynkaynab

tamilaK .kian uata nurut rihka adan iatresid gnay gnajnap adej aynada helo isatabid

kret asahab nautas halada nakpakgnugnem gnay nasilut uata nasil dujuw malad ,lice

.)113:3002 ,iwlA( hutu gnay narikip


8

2.6 . nateselP asahaB naitregneP

aynrasad adaP , nateselp gnay id gnabmekreb halet taumem ulales takaraysam

otnayreH leirA turuneM .aynkutnebmep rusnu iagabes utnetret naruta nad pisnirp

231 :6991( - pisnirp ,)331 nateselp alibapa lisahreb naka aynah ,noculel aynlah itrepes

utiay ,lah agit ada : ,amatreP gnatnet salej gnay nauca( namizalek k utaus ankam nad ata

)amasreb itakapesid ,audeK . nagneweleynep . ,agiteK .amirenem gnay kahip ada

malaD aK 8002( aisenodnI asahaB raseB sum ) uata ’teselp‘ awhab naktubesid

.ujutid gnay narasas ianegnem kadit uata narasas ianegnem kadit itrareb ’teselemem‘

P aggnihes nakricnilegid gnay utauses uata nakteselpid gnay utauses halada natesel

aynsurahes gnay ianegnem kadit uata aynranebes gnay narasas nagned iauses kadit

,inarabiS( nakricnileggnem nataubrep nad sesorp itrareb nateselemep ;ujutid

p asahaB .)452:3002 anerak ankam nahabmatrep aynada naktahilrepmem aguj natesel

aynnauca kutneb irad urab ankam irebid nakteselpid gnay atak haubes

011 :6991( otnayreH leirA - )111 , pesnok naksalejnem nateselp utaus iagabes

helo kutnebret gnay naparah taumem gnay )hakgnitreb ,silunem ,aracib( nasep

gnalureb gnay namalagnep uata namizalek - lawa napmu helo gnasgnarid nad gnalu

nakaes gnay - hagnet id naidumek lanekid mizal hadus naka - nalaj hagnet , uti nasep

imalagnem olebmep k naakalecek uata ,nahatapretek ,natujek ,nagneweleynep ,nak

nakapurem nauculeK .nauculek lubmit aggnihes nasep amirenep agudid kadit gnay

asahab aynnakatpicid naujut nateselp .


9

3.6 . kutneB -b nateselP asahaB kutne

R kareg gnau nateselp kitsiugnil ilha kaynab muleb anerak saul pukuc hisam

raneb gnay - asahab kaltum nakotap taubmem raneb nateselp .metsis utaus malad

p ,naikimed nupikseM suret isakifisalk nad naatadne - aparebeb nakukalid surenem

111 :6991( otnayreH leirA aynaratna iD .kahip - 11 kutneb igabmem ,)6 nateselp

:tukireb iagabes raseb kopmolek agit idajnem

)1( nateselP nad adnanep( adnat naiakgnar utaus ”lagejnem“ aynah gnay

gnay urab nasep nanusus utaus nakutnebmep itukiid apnat ,mizal hadus gnay )ankam

ret kadit naasahabek tudus irad .lamrof araces udap nateselP idajnem igabid ini

nateselp nad ankam naudapretek ikilimem kadit gnay nateselp naniamrep nagned

hotnoC .ifargopit nateselp itrepes ankam naudapretek iaynupmem kadit gnay hujuT

,amil tapme nuhat sutsugA saleb rah haluti i- irah Te orsoS h hotnoC . nateselp nagned

itrepes ifargopit naniamrep gniog ma I ( gnerog maya ) , arumihsakaT ( hisak kaT

arum .)h

)2( nateselP ,nasep naiakgnar namizalek uata nanapamek utaus lagejnem gnay

iid ipatet haubes aynkutnebret nagned ituk ataynrep naiakgnar iaynupmem gnay urab na

hotnoC .lamrof natuapretek takgnit nateselp :itrepes ini t iynubreb gnosok gno

‘ gnadnolg ’ atak apureb aynsurahes gnay , nirayn g . ataK gnadnolg gnay gnot iynub(

nagned natiak iaynupmem )hutaj gnirayn .

)3( nateselP utiay ,isisopO nateselp gnay nauca nad ralan nakirebmem gnay

hadus uata ,ada hadus gnay apa nakkilabratumem ,nakarbatreb ,fitatnorfnok araces

hotnoc iagabeS .takaraysam malad ukab uata mizal anahredeS tagnaS hamuR )SSR(


01

idajnem tegnaS kumuS nupisoaR ilakes sanap aynasar( nad ) gnadnU batiK - gnadnu

anadiP mukuH idajnem )PHUK( arakreP sibaH gnaU hisaK .

kutneb nialeS - tubesret kutneb , ,.D.W irS anitsirhC malad( odrapuS olisuS

kutneb nakisakifisalkgnem )03 :9991 nateselp )1( :tukireb iagabes b ,natakgnis kutne

hotnoc iagabes WMB idajnem aynanraW hareM kaceB , )2( b ( laggnut atak kutne elgnis

drow hotnoc iagabes ,) orsoS idajnem rosoS , )3( b iagabes ,esarf idajnem atak kutne

hotnoc rujuj idajnem gnacak rujuj oji , )4( b id gnay gnisa kutne teselp iagabes ,nak

hotnoc htob reteip idajnem obmeg teip s, )5( p nagned rasad kutneb nagnalugne

hotnoc iagabes ,menof nahaburep dudu idajnem dadu - dudu , )6( p utas halas nahabure

hotnoc iagabes ,esarf rusnu ayak lakgnap tameh ,iadnap lakgnap nijar idajnem nijar

tameh ,iadnap lakgnap namet icnebid , )7( b ,iynub isaisosa nagned gnisa asahab kutne

hotnoc iagabes samuynaB idajnem saM weN yB , )8( a natakgnis adap iynub isaisos

hotnoc iagabes ,laggnut atak nagned lip idajnem )tabo( LIP )niaL namadI airP( , )9(

p hotnoc iagabes ,isnaveler anerak rusnu naitnaggne uN itayahr ogaj adepes palab

idajnem enobab dnA i, )01( p natesel iagabes ,)isnapske nagned( sisetatem nagned

hotnoc raul nesoD asaib idajnem raul id asaib nesoD , )11( p natesel kepsa adap

hotnoc iagabes ,ugibma tafisreb gnay kitnames itah - latag tabajep katneb ,itah idajnem

kurag niam gnanes , )21( be asahab uata haread asahab kutn I id gnay aisenodn teselp nak

hotnoc iagabes ,gnisa asahab idajnem isakat b( ahasa idajnem )gnapeJ harum isak at

b( asaha awaJ ), )31( nad p natesel hotnoc iagabes ,minorka kutneb malad itapub

idajnem niT ahaP akuB g ig - .iggnit


11

4.6 . H nad ,nagnaliB ,akgnA nateselP naatpicneP sesorP .furu

3002( anajiW kinket nakiarugnem )77: - nad ,nagnalib ,akgna naniamrep kinket

asahab uata ,sirggnI asahab ,aisenodnI asahab naiakamep malad id iumetid gnay furuh

.aynagitek isanibmok nad ,awaJ asahab aynsusuhk ,nial haread

4.6 furuh nad ,akgna ,nagnalib naniamreP .1.

adap ucagnem gnay atak aumes halada nagnalib nagned duskamid gnaY

itrepes ,halmuj agit aud ,utas S .aynsuretes nad , aumes halada akgna nakgnade

nagnalib nakisatneserperem gnay nagnalib gnabmal - itrepes ,uti nagnalib 3 ,2 ,1 nad ,

h ,uti aratnemeS .aynsuretes gnabmal halada furu - metsis malaD .iynub gnabmal

imed ,uti nialeS .iynub haubes nakgnabmalem furuh haubes aynmumu adap ,sifargotro

uata ,iynub haub utas nakgnabmalem furuh haub aud alup naknikgnumid ,nasitkarpek

nub aud nakgnabmalem furuh haubes ,aynkilabes .hibel uata iy

4.6 .2. nagnaliB naniamreP

sirggnI asahab nagnalib aynlasiM eno aW ,aynnauca kutneb irad ’utas‘ - .eno

naigab nagned nakgnubuhid naidumek ini ukus utas irad iridret gnay )nagnalib( ataK

atak – naw .gnaroeses aman naigab ucagnem gnay ayniynub naamasek nakrasadreb

adap itrepes uatA arp - uoy era eno ( uya nawarp hotnoc malaD .)’kitnac nawarep‘

minomoh nataafnamep alup tapadret audek uoy era awaJ asahab atak nagned ’umak‘

uya .’kitnac‘

4.6 .3. naniamreP akgnA

nakapurem tapad asahab naniamrep malad akgnA ,lah iagabreb isatneserper

per iagabes inkay aisenodnI asahab atak isatneser uata iagabes ,haread asahab


21

iagabes ,iynub gnabmal isasilausiv iagabes ,sirggnI asahab atak isatneserper

,ugal ton isatneserper iagabes nad ,sitametam nautas alumrof isatneserper iagabes

.naacabmep isneukerf isatneserper

)1( haread asahab uata aisenodnI asahab atak isatneserper iagabes akgnA

atak adap aynlasiM reb - 712 - uk ,na -√ 94 - 3/1 ,nak - ,csid3na ,gner nad 07aN .

malaD reb - 712 -an akgna ’naujut utas audreb‘ 12 gnay iynub ilikawem lamron araces

,inkay ,aynnakgnabmalid ,utas ,aud akgna nakgnades 7 tapad nalutebek araces

rasad kutneb nagned nakminomohid naujut .’ujutid gnay tapmet uata narasas‘

naminomohgneP ujut adap itrepes gnusgnal kadit araces nakukalid alup nikgnum uk -

√ 94 - .nak ulrep acabmep inis iD akgna narakagnep lisah tawel ayniracnem 94 ini laH .

kutneb anerak nanikgnumek nakukalid uk -7- nak tagnas nad mumu paggnaid hadus

dum .kabetid ha

malaD 3/1 - gner pes‘ nahacep akgna ,’gnerag itre 3/1 ’agitrepes‘

isisoperp nagned nakisnednopserokid itrepes hokot aman lawa atak ukus nad

nawakanup .gner)ag( nagned aynlah alup naikimeD csid3na akgna ,’sidag itna‘ agit

y audek atak ukus nad amatrep atak ukus nakisatneserperem iapureynem ajeid gna

isaletsnok malad esitserpreb gnay asahab utas halas iagabes sirggnI asahab naaje

malaD .aisenodnI id kitsiugniloisos 07aN akgna ,’uluputipaN‘ 07 nakapurem kadit

dnI id haread asahab utas halas akgna ipatet ,aisenodnI akgna isatneserper ,aiseno

aggnihes amas gnay ankam nagned ’uluputip‘ kataB asahab inkay 07aN tapad

uti sinte id tapadret gnay agram utas halas aman nakgnabmalem kutnu nakanugid .


31

)2( .sirggnI asahab atak isatneserper iagabes akgnA

ab naniamrep iagabes nakanugid gnay akgnA nakapurem ilakgnires asah

nakapurem idaj helob ini anemoneF .sirggnI asahab nagnalib isatneserper

sirggnI asahab atak aparebeb nakkujnutrepmem ajamer arap naaggnabek nanimrecnep

:hotnoC .lanekid ajas urab fitaler gnay U2pU ,ini lah malaD .’uoY ot pU ‘ 2 t‘ ’ow

nagned minomohreb ot nad U ek iynub gnabmal‘ - nagned nakminomohid ’52 uoy

.’audek anosrep‘

nagned nakminomohid alup nikgnum uti sirggnI asahab akgna ,uti nialeS

naigab - aynlasim ,aisenodnI asahab atak naigab 3A nad )irdA( 2-1 malaD .’hamur naut‘

3A akgna nakgnades ,aisenodnI asahab tebahpla halada furuh , 3- asahab halada ayn

sirggnI eerht aman naigab nakapurem gnay ird malad ,uti aratnemeS . 2- hamuR 1 ,

malad id akgna helo nakgnabmalid gnay nagnalib nagnurednecek nagned nagnubuhes

ridret sirggnI asahab atak nagnurednecek nad atak ukus utas irad i - asahab atak

akgna akam ,atak ukus aud irad iridret aisenodnI - nagned minomohreb naka uti akgna

naigab - inkay ,aisenodnI asahab malad atak naigab ut - nad – na alib tilus tagnas nakA .

akgna nakrisfanem acabmep 2-1 ek hab malad a katel halanas id ipatet ,aisenodnI as

.aynnaniamrep

)3( iynub gnabmal isasilausiv iagabes akgnA

isasilausiv iagabes nakukalrepid alup tapad akgna ,asahab naniamrep malad iD

nasilut malad aynlasiM .aynkutneb napirimek nakrasadreb iynub gnabmal akgna

nalibmeS 9 furuh nagned pirim ilakgnires g ek furuh‘ - utas akgnA .’7 1 l nagned pirim

ek furuh‘ - gnosok aynlah naikimeD .’21 )0( nagned amas uata pirim lausiv araces O .


41

halaynanerak helO og malad lanoisanretni og lamrofni nasilut kutneb malad id

di ilut akgna nagned pirim naks 09 siloiv ,idraS sirdI naidumek halini anaras nagneD .

romon talp taubmem ,sub sinsib ikilimem aynatak nonok gnay akumekret aisenodnI

inkay ,susuhk araces aynnaaradnek AL 01 B ‘ tapad tayadiH ynhoJ sinutrak nad ,’aloiB

nakisaerkgnem :ini golaid malad tahilret itrepes ,aynnutrak romuh

A ?lanoisanretni og asib ayas naahasurep napak ,nukud habM :

B .09 nagned amas og anerak ,09 nuhaT :

)4( .ugal ton isatneserper iagabes akgnA

alup nikgnum akgna anaras nagned asahab naniamrep nakrisfanem aynrakuS

nagnalib nakgnabmalem kutnu nakanugid aynah kadit uti uti akgna anerak - nagnalib

kutnu iakapid alup tapad ipatet ,sirggnI asahab uata aisenodnI asahab

ton aman nakisatneserperem - lad ton itayrameO aynlasiM .ugal adan itit ma

hotnoc nakumenem - hotnoc 762 nad ’isaler‘ halada aynduskam gnay 16732 imeR(

,)odalyS halajam rutkader utas halas nad sitra aman halada aynduskam liutkA gnay

0791 nuhat id relupop - na . da ini lah malad tatacid ulrep gnaY nasatabretek hala

akgna ,aynisanibmok - isanibmokreb tapad aynah ugal ton nakgnabmalem gnay akgna

susak nakumetid muleb ,aynamases nagned - ,furuh nagned aynnaisanibmognep susak

.nagnalib nakgnabmalem gnay akgna uata ,nagnalib

)5( of isatneserper iagabes akgnA akitametam alumr

nahacep akgna aynlasiM 7/22 rabmag nagned halokes haubes CW kobmet id

gnusgnal acabid tapad kadit ini akgnA .naiamadrep narakgnil )h(ujut rep aud uata aud

hulup )h(ujut rep aud sitametam alumrof halada nakisatneserperid gnay anerak iV ,


51

,tucurek nanugnab saul uata isi gnutihgnem kutnu nakanugid asaib gnay nautas inkay

id gnay naiamadrep nakgnabmalem aynmalad id adnat nagned narakgnil nakgnades

acabid uata tubesid sirggnI asahab malad sip/ ecaep helo nakduskamid gnay ,idaJ ./

taroc - teroc kana atakasok halada uti CW gnidnid id - licek ria gnaub kutnu kana sipip .

)6( .naacabmep isneukerf gnabmal isatneserper iagabes akgnA

asahab naniamrep aynhotnoC R2Q akgnA . aud iagabes naktaafnamid inis id

aynnaped id furuh aliB .aynnaped id ada gnay furuh naacabmep isneukerf gnabmal

,aynitukignem gnay furuh iynub nagned nakgnubagid naidumek ilak aud acabid

ekid haltapad inkay ,uti nasilut duskam iuhat et ini kinket kutnU .’rikik‘ aynah ajas utn

akgna aud aynah atak ukus ,asahab iagabreb malad id anerak naktaafnamid asib gnay

.atak haubes naigab uata atak kutnebmem malad id ilak aud gnalureb mizal

4.6 .4. furuh naniamreP

otaerk arap hupmetid gnay arac aud ada ,furuh naniamrep malaD ,amatreP .aynr

abmal furuh aman nakisatneserperem gn audek gnay nad , aynkilabes , furuh aman

:ini tukireb nakiaruid naka gnay itrepes ,gnabmal nakisatnesrperem

)1( aman nakisatneserperem gnabmaL

furuh nialeS - iynub naamasek nakisaisosaid gnay aisenodnI furuh nagned ayn

naigab - adap awaJ asahab atak naigab WDTKT alup tapadret ,sata id ’ewehd etaket‘

naigab uata ,sirggnI asahab furuh naniamrep - tamilaK .aisenodnI asahab atak naigab

nagned naksilutid gnires ”yakO uoY erA“ aynat KOUR gnaro aman ,nial hotnoC .


61

samiD s silutid gnire suM’D .t D furuh aman nakisatneserperem iD nad tsuM

aynduskam .saM

)2( .gnabmal nakisatneserperem furuh amaN

furuh amaN - ipatet ,hunep araces naksilutid uata naklipmatid alak gnadak furuh

gnarO .aynsakgnir kutneb napacugnep halada aynisaisosa - amanreb gnaro ,dammahoM

nagned aynaman takgniynem niales aynlasim M aynaman takgniynem alup gnires ,

nagned .hM i gnipmas iD ,mizal gnaruk araces ayunnaksilunem gnay aparebeb ada ,ut

idajnem inkay ahmE relupop hibel bijaN nuniA dammahuM sinmulok nad riayneP .

gnarO .bijaN )nuniA( ahmE takgnisid aynnaped aman - amanreb gnay kataB gnaro

notiusaN d ini agram aman takgniynem ilakgnires nagne tsN .

5.6 . nateselP asahaB sineJ

naktahilrepmem naka aynrihka adap ,sesorp haubes iagabes ,asahab nateselP

gnay nateselp asahab sinej .)652 :3002 ,inarabiS( aisenodnI asahab malad tapadret

sata igabid asahab nateselp ,naasahabek takgnit nakrasadreB sinej hujut , gnay itrepes

:ini hawab id nakiaruid

)1( F nateselP )iynub( sigolono

nakapurem sigolonof nateselP nateselP .nokiskel uata menof haubes nateselp

takaraysam id asahabreb ayadub malad amatrep pahat nateselp nikgnum ini macames

kutnu nakanugid aynmumu adap ini itrepes sigolonof nateselp ,ayngnayaS .aisenodnI

kolorepmem - nlasiM .nial gnaro kejegnem uata kolo aman ay treboR nakteselpid

aman itrepes ,ini itrepes nakteselpid gnay aman uata atak kaynaB .’kebor‘ idajnem


71

ajaR idajnem nakteselpid najor aman uata atak ;’turep tikas nad tercnem‘ saggnaB

idajnem nakteselpid ’tauk‘ saggnar raP .’gnirek gnay uyak gnitnar‘ aguj nup kawalep a

atak itrepes ,sigolonof nateselp sinej nakanuggnem gnires marataM nakteselpid

idajnem ;namartaM naahasurep idajnem naaahasurep ; eko odajnem oke ualaK .

aman nateselp - kolognem uata kejegnem gnurednec sata id aman - nateselp ,kolo

ni rihkaret .awat gnadnugnem kutnu narubih iagabes gnurednec i

)2( P G natesel )furuh( sifar

nakapurem sifarg nateselP aynnakidajnem nagned furuh nagnubag nateselp

furuh nagnubag ,aynlasiM .natakgnis iagabes DCBA IRBA‘ idajnem nakteselpid

nagnubag ; ’gnaoD kapeC nakuB furuh GBA selpid ,’edeg uraB kanA‘ idajnem nakte

’euG ebaB natakgnA‘ , amas ripmah ini nateselp rihka lisaH .’edeG hawaB satA‘ uata

natakgnis nagned )noitaiverbba( minorka uata .)mynorca( adap katelret aynnaadebreP

gnay kutneb ada haletes kutnebid aynmumu adap natakgniS .aynnakutnebmep sesorp

halokeS‘ itrepes ,minorka uata natakgnis idajnem nakkednepid aggnihes ayngnajnap

idajnem ’mumU hageneM UMS isenodnI kilbupeR atajnesreB natakgnA‘ nad ’a

idajnem .IRBA

uluhad hibelret ada halet aynfuruh nagnubag aynmumu adap nateselP

itrepes ,aynnagnajnapek irebid naidumek ,S.S ,’hapareS hapmuS‘ idajnem .A.B.M

,’satA katoB ialuM‘ uata ’tnediccA yB egairraM‘ idajnem DUU gnujU‘ idajnem -

,’tiuD ayngnujU KJ nad ,nacneK ijnaJ‘ idajnem KS gnameM .’ramaK aweS‘ idajnem

uata aynnagnajnapek hakapa ,ada ulud hibel gnay anam nakitkubmem tilus

anem ini gnaur aggnihes ,aynnakednepek ,numaN .naktabedrepid kutnu kir gnilap gnay


81

sesorp awhab halada inis id tatacid gnitnep raneb ini sinej asahab nateselp - raneb

.aynrutunep isome nakpakgnugnem kutnu idajret

)3( P atesel M n )nokiskel( simefro

simefrom nateselP nakapurem ”nakidajnem“ arac nagned atak haubes nateselp

uata nakednemep iagabes ”aynpaggnagnem“ uata atak ,aynlasiM .minorka apureb

aman sugA id atak ;’tikideS ludnuG kagA‘ idajnem nakteselp suirauka nakteselpid

atak ;’suireS gnaruK kanA‘ idajnem aramec ataM kewEC‘ idajnem nakteselpid

ni nokiskel uata simefrom nateselp ,aisenodnI asahab malaD .’nubaR kaynab gnilap i

.aynnial nateselp sinej nakgnidnabid aynhalmuj

)4( F nateselP )atak kopmolek( asar

halada asarf nateselP k kopmolek nateselp simefrom nateselp itrepes ,ata ,

esarf aynlasiM .minorka apureb natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem arac nagned lotob

mal up .’aluP tabMAL KAmiYNeM lolOT hodOB‘ idajnem nakteselpid

)5( P K natesel )iserpske( tamila

nakapurem tamilak nateselP itukignem arac nagned tamilak haubes nateselp

bugnem ipatet ,tamilak isanotni nad rutkurts atak ha - habugnem aggnihes aynatak

tamilak aynlasiM .uti rutkurts nahurulesek ankam ujam oyA - ujam oya ;ujam - ujam

ujam kadit‘ idajnem nakteselpid - ujam kadit ;ujam - ugaL .’ujam alisacnaP aduraG

tamilak nad gnaro nakteselpid hanrep - alisacnaP sket malad tamilak hanrep nup

atak itnaggnem nagned kiab ,nakteselpid - nakgnalihgnem nagned nupuam aynatak

.aynnial tamilak uata atak itnaggnem nagned ayntamilak


91

)6( P I natesel )kitnames( sigoloed

nakapurem sigoloedi nateselP nagned nial edi idajnem edi haubes nateselp

,aynlasiM .amas gnay kitsiugnil kutneb gnisam edi - pudih kat pudih esarf gnisam ;

pudih nagnadnap ; ;pudih nagnagep pudih tagnames ; pudih nagnanek nakteselpid

adnapid ;’halasam idajnem muleb pudih kat pudih‘ idajnem ;’pudih hadus ajas gn

ajas nagnanek iagabes aynah ;’pudih gnay ajas tagnames aynah ;’pudih urab gnagepid

gnisam gnay ,’pudih gnay - imed onrop uabreb gnay anacaw kutnu nakanugid gnisam

.aynragnednep irad awat gnadnugnem

)7( P W natesel anaca

da anacaw nateselP hala fitaran kitsiugnil kutneb uata atirec haubes nateselp

gnay naataynek uata atkaf nakkilabratumem kutnu nakanugid ajagnes gnay

atirec aynlasiM .aynranebes - irad gnapmiynem taubid ajagnes gnay naiskasek atirec

debreb gnay urab atirec nad aynlautkaf atirec naujut nagned aynmulebes atirec irad a

utnetret , id awkadret arap uslap naiskaseK .anacaw nateselp malad kusamret

.anacaw nateselp malad kusamret ,ini gnarakes idajret kaynab gnay itrepes ,nalidagnep

sak awkadret ,gnujnaT rabkA .rI ,amatrep naataynrep adaP naanughalaynep su anad

kitsigoL nasurU nadaB retegdubnon uti anad aumes awhab nakatagnem halet ,)goluB(

takaraysam utnabmem anug nagnap nahab ilebmem kutnu nakrulasid halet irad niksim

nad radnakuS gnadaD nanipmip hannaJ lutalduaR nasayaY iulalem nagnap sisirk

adap gnaputamiS deirfniW nanipmip uraB rumiT tuaL gnatniB TP aynrotkartnok

gnau aynrihka nad nakrulsid muleb uti gnau awhab nakatagnem ayntukireb naataynrep


02

abmekid ut isaraN .nakil - nteselp kusamret ini itrepes kilbup nagnohobek isaran

.anacaw

ankam nagnalihek nad nakasurek naktabikagnem naka ini anacaw nateselP

agit adap idajret ini ankam nakasurek nad nagnaliheK .aynranebes gnay anacaw irad

:utiay ,sinej

)1( aatayneK taubid gnay n - uata nakraisid ipatet ,ada kadit atkaf inkay ,taub

gnalureb nakataynid - haloes aggnihes gnaro kaynab helo gnalu - .ada halo

)2( irad naigabes nalibmagnep nad nalojnonep inkay ,naigabes natasumeP

irad ”teselepret“ idajnem aynankam aggnihes isaran gnay nahurulesek ankam

.aynranebes

)3( atkaf irad nagnapmiynep inkay ,naataynek irad nagnapmiyneP - gnay atkaf

.isaterpretni isrotsid naktabikagnem aggnihes aynranebes

sinej nahuruleseK - sisilanagnem kutnu nakanugid naka sata id nateselp sinej

nej naanuggnep si - .kurt kab adap nateselp asahab sinej

.7 naitileneP edoteM naitileneP kinkeT nad

gnay kejbo imahamem kutnu nakanugid gnay ajrek arac halada edoteM

nad tala nagned iauses gnay edotem narabaj halada kinket nakgnades ,natukgnasreb

iakapid gnay tala tafis .)9 :3991 ,otnayraduS( eneP edotem nakanuggnem ini naitil

fitpirksed ednem nagned s nakutnebmep sesorp nakispirk sinej nad - nateselp sinej

laugnil nautas gnay fitatilauk naitilenep edotem nakanuggnem aguj ini naitileneP .

tret atad kutneb malad lisah nakirebmem silu naitilenep kinket nad edoteM . ini


12

em nad ,atad sisilana pahat )2( ,atad nalupmugnep pahat )1( utiay ,napahat agit pukacn

t )3( silana lisah naijaynep paha si .atad

.1.7 taD nalupmugneP pahaT a

ni naitilenep malad atad nalupmugnep edoteM edoteM .kamis edotem halada i

asahab naanuggnep kamiynem nagned atad nalupmugnep arac nakapurem kamis

.)331 :3991 ,otnayraduS( alad atad rebmuS lenep m lada ini naiti gnay nasilut ha

adap tapadret libom ,sub ,kurt kab mumu natukgna , nad .tenretni sutis aparebeb

tatacnem nagned utiay ,tatac kinket halada nakanugid gnay kinkeT s laugnil nauta

asarf ,atak apureb minorka ,natakgnis ,tamilak , iric ikilimem gnay - iric nateselp .

,ayntujnaleS mek ,gnirasid ,atad utrak malad ek tatacid tubesret atad naidu

kopmolekid( nakisakifisalkid - kutnu nakduskamid nagniraynep sesorP .)nakkopmolek

raneb gnay atad gniraynem - gnudnagnem raneb nateselp .

.2.7 ataD sisilanA pahaT

.higa edotem nad nadap edotem halada nakanugid gnay sisilana edoteM

otem halada nadap edoteM ,sapelret ,raul id aynutnenep tala gnay atad sisilana ed nad

( asahab irad naigab idajnem kadit eugnal .)21:3991 ,otnayraduS( natukgnasreb gnay )

nadap edotem halada inis id nakanugid gnay nadap edoteM tala utiay ,sifargotro

.nasilut apureb aynutnenep nialeS gnem tem nakanug higa edotem ,nadap edo aguj

agabes nakanugid i .ini naitilenep malad sisilana edotem rem higa edoteM u nakap

utiay ,natukgnasreb gnay asahab irad naigab nakapurem aynutnenep tala gnay edotem

.asahab nakanuggnem nagned kutnebid gnay laugnil nautas nateselp apureb edoteM

isgnufreb higa rusnu nakispirksednem - ,otnayraduS( itiletid naka gnay atad irad rusnu


22

.)71:3991 kinket aparebeb nakanuggnem siluneP natujnal ga edotem irad hi utiay ,

.saulrep kinket nad itnag kinket

)isutitsbus( itnag kinkeT salek naamasek radak iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid

ed itnagret rusnu irogetak uata rusnu alibapA .itnaggnep rusnu nagn - tubesret rusnu

malad adareb uti rusnu audek itrareb ,nakitnaggnem gnilas gnay irogetak uata salek

nakispirksednem halada ini naitilenep adap itnag kinket naanuggnep isgnuF .amas

laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp :hotnoC .

)1( reM kcul 3 2 1

↓ ↓ ↓

reM a ut kal ag

rusnu isutitsbus lisah iraD - tapad )1( hotnoc adap gnirim katecid gnay rusnu

.nakitnaggnem gnilas

utiay ,saulrep kinket halada ayntujnaleS kinket gnay nautas saulrepmem

utnetret laugnil rusnu nagned ek uata irik ek nasaulrep kiab utnetret laugnil nautas

nak nad ,utnetret laugnil nautas satitnedi iuhategnem )a( :kutnu anugreb ini kinkeT .na

irik ek kiab saulrepid tapad uti ijakid gnay laugnil nautas huaj aparebes iuhategnem )b(

.nanak ek nupuam :hotnoC

)2( SDIA

natakgnis sisilanagnem kutnU SDIA ,saulrep kinket nakanuggnem silunep ,

nagnajnapek irad kutnebid gnay tubesret natakgnis saulrepmem utiay mitnI tabikA

.nayepmaS nagneD


32

.3.7 ataD sisilanA lisaH naijayneP pahaT

kutnu lamrofni nad lamrof edotem nakanuggnem ini naitileneP nakijaynem

a lisah .atad sisilan lisah nasumurep halada lamrof edoteM sisilana adnat nagned atad

gnabmal nad - .)541 :3991 ,otnayraduS( gnabmal

edoteM nakdujuwid aynatad sisilana lisah nasumurep aynduskam lamrofni

atak nagned - t nagned nupualaw ,asaib atak ayntafis kinket gnay igolonimre

.)541:3991 ,otnayraduS( gnatnet nasalejnep ,lamrofni edotem nakanugid nagneD

nakijasid nad nususid gnay atad sisilana lisaH .iaruret nad icnir hibel idajnem hadiak

g nakapurem gnay atad nakrasadreb utiay ,fitpirksed tafisreb .nahalasamrep narabma

.8 naijayneP akitametsiS

nep naijaynep akitametsiS I baB nagned ialumid ini naitile hadnep utiay , .naulu

taumem ini naigaB ,iroet nasadnal ,naitilenep naujut ,halasam nasumur ,gnakaleb ratal

d ,naitilenep edotem naijaynep akitametsis na .bab tapme sata igabret gnay

ep sesorp gnatnet nasahabmep nakiaruid naka II baB nateselp nakutnebm

laugnil nautas kutneb anam id , - uti kutneb idajret as halas nahaburep sesorp iulalem ut

asarf rusnu nagnajnamep sesorp , ,minorka nad natakgnis nagned gnisa asahab kutneb

,iynub isaisosa amrep ,nagnalib naniamrep .akgna naniamrep nad ,furuh nani

sinej ianegnem nasahabmep nakiaruid naka III baB - nateselp sinej nautas

laugnil nateselp ,)iynub( sigolonof nateselp ,nial aratna , ,simefrom nateselp ,sifarg

olek( lasarf nateselp kitnames( igoloedi nateselp nad ,)atak kopm .)


42

nalupmiseK .naras nad nalupmisek pukacnem gnay putunep isireb VI BAB

sinej nad nakutnebmep sesorp gnatnet nalupmisek halada duskamid gnay - sinej

il nautas nateselp ,silunep ,itilenep adapek naras halada duskamid gnay naraS .laugn

.takaraysam nad


52

II BAB

ESELP NAKUTNEBMEP SESORP LAUGNIL NAUTAS NAT

sesorp iagabreb nakisakifisalkid tapad ,lupmukret gnay atad 05 iraD

eselp nakutnebmep as nat laugnil naut utnebmep sesorP . nakiaruid tapad tubesret nak

igal teselp nakutnebmep sesorp ,tukireb iagabes ,akgna naniamrep nakanuggnem na

amrep nakanuggnem nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp nagnajnamep sesorp ,nagnalib nani

akutnebmep sesorp ,minorka nad natakgnis n nateselp gnisa asahab kutneb nagned

nagned nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp nad ,iynub isaisosa nagned utas halas nahaburep

asarf rusnu .

.1.2 A naniamreP apureB laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP .akgn

A irad isatneserper nakapurem tapad laugnil nautas nateselp malad akgn

per iagabes inkay ,lah iagabreb aisenodnI asahab atak isatneser ,haread asahab uata

er iagabes nad ,sirggnI asahab atak isatneserp ub gnabmal isasilausiv iagabes .iyn

.1.1.2 r iagabes akgnA aisenodnI asahab atak isatneserpe

eselp nakutnebmep sesorp sisilanaid naka ini hawab iD as nat laugnil naut

.aisenodnI asahab atak isatneserper nakapurem gnay akgna naniamrep apureb


62

)1( kcuL 321 reM

asarf halada )1( hotnoc irad nauca kutneB kalag autrem ‘ irtsi aut gnaro

;)imaus( ’.haram akus gnay autnem akgnA 321 adap 321 rem kcul iynub ilikawem

nagnalib inkay ,aynnakgnabmalem gnay agit ,aud ,utas sesorp malad numaN .

,utiay ,ajas aynrihkaret atak ukus nakanugid aynah uti nagnalib ,aynnakutnebmep

d ,)ut(as )ag(it ,)a(u ‘- ,ut - ,a - idajnem aynnapacugnep malad aggnihes ’ag reM -

( ut () a () ag )- kcul . u malad tahilret itrepeS :ini hawab id naiar

)a1( reM 3 2 1 kcul

↓ ↓ ↓

aS ( ut ) uD (a) iT ( ag )

↓ ↓ ↓

reM )ut( ( )a )ag( kcul (- )kal

↓ ↓

autreM kalag

t )a1( hotnoc adaP sirggnI asahab atak minomoh nataafnamep alup tapadre kcul

’gnutnureb‘ atak ukus nagned – kal atak adap ag ( kal ) . akgnA 3 naidumek ’)ag(it‘

atak ukus nagned nakgnubuhid – kal atak adap kal)ag( .

)2( adnaJ orP sid 3 nA

nautas nateselP hotnoc adap laugnil adap kujurem )2( asarf orp sidag itna

adnaj ’.adnaj nagned akus ,sidag nagned akus kadit‘ tahilret aynnakutnebmep aloP

id nagab adap ab .ini haw

)a2( nA 3 adnaj orp sid ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ nA - ( it ( ) ag ) - adnaj orp sid

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ adnaj orp sidag itnA


72

akgnA 3 ’agit‘ )a2( hotnoc adap .aisenodnI asahab atak isatneserper nakapurem

nagned minomohreb ’agit‘ 3 akgnA asarf irad amatrep atak ukus nad audek atak ukus

,sidag itna halkutnebret aggnihes .sid)ag( )it(na

)3( sid 3/1 nalip 6 P

C hotno adap ucagnem )3( asualk itrepes nalipmanep .sidag sesorP

tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep id nagab adap tahilret .ini hawab

)a3( P 6 nalip 3/1 sid

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

P( ) ( mane ) - itrepes nalip - ag - - sid

↓ ↓ ↓

sidag itrepes nalipmaneP

)a3( hotnoc adap nateselP akgna utiay ,akgna sinej aud naktaafnamem 6

akgna iagabes ’mane‘ lanimon akgna nad nahacep 3/1 ‘ ’agitrepes . akgnA 6 ’mane‘

adap 6p nalip ,’nalipmanep‘ gnay iynub nakisatneserperem kutnu nakanugid

adap ’mane‘ aynnakgnabmalid atak naigab .nalip)mane(p nahacep akgna nakgnadeS

3/1 malad ’agitrepes‘ 3/1 - sid ,’sidag itrepes‘ isisoperp nagned nakisnednopserokid

itrepes atak irad lawa atak ukus nad sid)ag( idajnem .sid)agit(repes

)4( ruj 7naM

asarf halada )4( hotnoc irad nauca kutneB rujuj utnam irad imaus uata irtsi‘

’.itah surul uata kiab tafis ikilimem gnay kana gnaroes selP naktaafnamem ini nate

akgna 7 asarf kutnebmem kutnu ayniynub naamasrep nakrasadreb ’hujut‘ rujuj utnam .

id nagab adap tahilret aynnakutnebmep sesorP .ini hawab


82

)a4( naM 7 ruj

↓ ↓ ↓

naM - ( ut ( ) uj ) )h( - ruj

↓ ↓

utnaM rujuj

s ,)a4( hotnoc adaP amatrep atak uku ut - nagnalib adap ( ut ) ,huj nakanugid

atak kutnebmem kutnu ,)ut(nam audek atak ukus nakgnades - )h(uj nagnalib adap

ut ( huj ) atak kutnebmem kutnu nakanugid ruj)uj( ’.ruj )ujut( nam‘

)5( rub 5 hA

asarf halada )5( hotnoc irad nauca kutneB rubam ilha nateselP .’gnabret ilha‘

akgna naktaafnamem ini 5 kutnebmem kutnu ayniynub naamasrep nakrasadreb ’amil‘

asarf rubam ilha . ebmep aloP :ini hawabid nagab adap tahilid tapad aynnakutn

)a5( hA 5 rub

↓ ↓ ↓

hA - ( il ( ) am ) - rub

↓ ↓

ilhA rubam

amatrep atak ukuS il - )nagnalib( atak adap ( il ) am kutnebmem kutnu nakanugid

atak )il(ha audek atak ukus nakgnades , – am )nagnalib( atak adap il ( am ) nakanugid

atak kutnebmem kutnu rub)am( akgna ,nahurulesek araceS . 5 kutnu nakanugid ’amil‘

asarf kutnebmem rub )amil( ha .


92

.2.1.2 sirggnI asahab atak isatneserper iagabes akgnA

sisilanaid naka ini hawab iD eselp nakutnebmep sesorp utas nat laugnil na

aisenodnI asahab asahab atak isatneserper nakapurem gnay akgna naniamrep apureb

.sirggnI

3 sI kanA eM ehT )6(

lP m )6( hotnoc adap natese adap ucagne asarf irad .irtsi kana imed sesorP

nateselp nakutnebmep .tukireb naiaru malad tahilid tapad ,sata id )6( hotnoc adap

)a6( kanA eM ehT sI 3

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

eD - - im kana si - (- irt )

↓ ↓ ↓

irtsi kana imeD

akgnA 3 adap ’agit‘ )a6( hotnoc asahab malad akgna isatneserper nakapurem

sirggnI eerht idajnem naklafalid aisenodnI )nagnalib( atak malad naidumek gnay – .irt

ukuS amatrep atak si - atak adap irt)si( atak naigab nagned nakgnubuhid naidumek – irt

si atak adap )irt( nagnalib irad iynub naamasrep nakrasadreb .eerht nataafnameP

inomoh aguj m tapadret atak adap em eht aisenodnI asahab atak nagned .imed

)7( 01 alK haC

asarf adap ucagnem )7( hotnoc adap irid satitnedi nakapurem gnay nateselP

k hac netal ‘ ob akgnA .’netalk kana ,netalk hac 01 adap ’hulupes‘ 01 alk nakapurem

sirggnI asahab malad akgna isatneserper .net ,tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep aloP

.ini hawabid nagab adap tahilid tapad


03

)a7( alk haC 01

↓ ↓ ↓

alk hac )ob( - net

↓ ↓

netalk haC

ak ,)a7( hotnoc malaD )nagnalib( at net ukus nagned iynub naamasrep ikilimem

atak – net atak irad )net(alk )nagnalib( ataK .haread aman haubes adap ucagnem gnay

net ukus nagned nakgnubuhid naidumek atak alk - atak kutnebret aggnihes )net(alk .

.3.1.2 aohgnoiT asahab atak isatneserper iagabes akgnA

gnay 051 aC )8(

asarf adap ucagnem )8( hotnoc malad nateselP gnayog kepac asarF . kepac

gnayog akgna nakanuggnem nakteselpid 051 ’hulup amil sutares‘ , akgna anam id

,aohgnoiT asahab malad akgna isatneserper nakapurem tubesret ogkep nagnaliB .

rusnu nagned iynub naamasrep ikilimem tubesret aohgnoiT - malad tapadret gnay rusnu

asarf gnayog kepac . .ini hawab id nagab adap tahilret aynnakutnebmep sesorP

)a8( aC 051 gnay

↓ ↓ ↓

aC - gnay )og( )kep(

↓ ↓

gnayog kepaC

nagnalib ,aynnakutnebmep sesorp malaD ogkep audek atak ukus itapmenem

atak irad )kep(ac kus nad atak irad amatrep atak u gnay)og( ac‘ )ogkep( .gnay

tel 005 aJ nid 432 H )9(


13

halada aynnauca kutneb )9( hotnoc adap akgna naniamreP ogaj nidusmaS ijaH

telep asualK . telep ogaj nidusmaS ijaH akgna nakanuggnem nagned nakteselpid 432

’tapme ,agit ,aud‘ adap nid 432 H akgna nad 005 ’sutar amil‘ adap aj 005 l .te sesorP

.ini hawab id nagab adap naksalejid naka aynnakutnebmep

)a9( H 4 3 2 aJ nid 005 tel

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

Ha )us( )mas( )ij( - )ep( )og( aj nid - tel

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

telep ogaj nidusmaS ijaH

akgnA 432 tapme ,agit ,aud‘ ’ adap asarf nid 432 H malad ek nakisatneserperid

inkay ,aohgnoiT asahab malad nagnalib kutneb ,maS ,iJ .eoS tubesret )nagnalib( ataK

nagned iynub napirimek ikilimem us ,mas ,ij aman irad atak naigab nakapurem gnay

irid nid)usmaS( )ij(aH nagned aynlah naikimeD . tel 005 aj kutneb ikilimem gnay

asarf nauca telep ogaj akgnA . 005 malad akgna isatneserper nakapurem ’sutar amil‘

aohgnoiT asahab kepog asarf nagned iynub naamasrep ikilimem gnay tel )epog( aj .

nagnalib ,aynnakutnebmep malaD og audek atak ukus itapmenem atak irad )og(aj nad

nagnalib )k(ep atak irad amatrep atak ukus adap naktapmetid .tel)ep(

.2.2 naniamreP apureB laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP

B nagnali

tamilak nupuam ,asarf ,atak haubes nakteselemem kutnU nateselp rotaerk arap ,

iamrep naktaafnamem aguj .nagnalib nan gnay atak aumes halada iridnes uti nagnaliB


23

itrepes ,halmuj adap ucagnem ,agit ,aud ,utas naka ini hawab iD .aynsuretes nad

alib naniamrep apureb laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp sisilanaid nagn .

1( 0) nO arP raeF oS thguoT dnE ehT uoY erA e

01( hotnoc adap nateselP asahab malad tamilak apureb nauca kutneb ikilimem )

,awaJ ripus totneid uya nawarp .’ripus ihubutesid kitnac nawarep‘ , sesorP

.ini hawab id nagab adap kapmat tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep

)a 01( arP enO raeF oS thguoT dnE ehT uoY erA

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

arP - )naw( a- id uy - ne - os tot - ip r

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

id uya nawarP os totne rip

nagnalib naniamreP eno atak adap ’utas‘ 01( hotnoc )a adap ucagnem naw(arp .)

nagned nakminomohid naidumek ini atak ukus utas irad iridret gnay )nagnalib( ataK

atak ukus – naw atak adap .)naw(arp p kutneb ,nahurulesek araceS ini natesel

ad iynub naamasrep naktaafnamem tubesret laH .aynucaid gnay kutneb ir adap tahilret

atak ukus iynub naamasrep arp - atak ukus nagned arp - nagnalib , eno ’utas‘ nagned

atak ukus – naw atak ,’nawarp‘ era ’halada‘ atak ukus nagned a-, atak uoy ’umak‘

atak ukus nagned – uy atak ,’uya‘ eht isisoperp nagned id - atak , dne agned ’rihka‘ n

atak ukus ne -, atak thguot atak ukus nagned ’nasagag‘ – tot atak ,’totneid‘ os ’aguj‘

atak ukus nagned us - atak nad , raef ukat‘ ’t atak ukus nagned – rip .’ripus‘


33

11( ) lriG owT lliK ehS

ucagnem )11( hotnoc adap nagnalib naniamrep naktaafnamem gnay nateselP

,awaJ asahab kutneb malad asarf adap legut likis nakutnebmep sesorP .’sutup ikak‘

nateselp .tukireb iagabes nakiaruid tapad tubesret

)a11( lliK ehS owT lriG

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

iS - - lik )ut( - leg

↓ ↓

legut likiS

nagnalib naniamreP sirggnI asahab malad aktaafnamid gnay n hotnoc adap

11( a )nagnalib( atak halada ) owt .’aud‘ )nagnalib( ataK owt ukus utas irad iridret gnay

tubesret atak atak ukus nagned nakminomohid naidumek ut - ( atak adap leg)ut ’sutup‘

minomoh nataafnamep alup tapadreT .ayniynub naamasrep nakrasadreb llik ehs

ab atak nagned awaJ asah likis atak nad ’ikak‘ lrig atak ukus nagned ’sidag‘ – leg adap

atak ut ( leg ) ’.sutup‘

21( ) eerhT sI eM ehT lliK ehT pU ehS pU ehS

21( hotnoc adap nateselP tamilak adap ucagnem ) pais - .irtsi imed liked pais

naniamreP nagnalib halada ini nateselp malad naktaafnamid gnay nagnalib eerht

.’agit‘ .ini hawab id nagab malad nakiaruid naka aynnakutnebmep sesorP

)a 21( sI eM ehT lliK ehT pU ehS pU ehS eerhT

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

is - is pa - ed pa - lik - ed - si im - )irt(

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

irtsi imed liked pais paiS


43

)nagnalib( ataK eerht naidumek ini atak ukus utas irad iridret gnay

atak ukus isisop nakitnaggnem – irt atak adap )irt(si .ayniynub naamasrep nakrasadreb

isakilpuder kutneb adap idajret naminomohgneP pais - pais idajnem nakteselpid gnay

atak - ,sirggnI asahab malad atak ehs pu ehs pu atak , liked idajnem llik eht atak nad ,

imed idajnem nakteselpid .em eht

.3.2 H naniamreP apureB laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP furu

,amatreP .aynrotaerk arap hupmetid gnay arac aud ada ,furuh naniamrep malaD

aman nakisatneserperem gnabmal furuh aman ,aynkilabes ,audek gnay nad ,furuh

nagned furuh naniamrep nakiaruid naka ini hawab iD .gnabmal nakisatneserperem

furuh aman isatneserper iagabes gnabmal .

31( ) WDJC

nagned ayniynub naamasek nakisaisosaid )31( hotnoc adap furuh naniamreP

naigab - idajnem awaJ asahab atak naigab ewehd ejes aloP .’iridnes nial‘

namem nagned aynnakutnebmep furuh nagnubag aratna iynub naamasrep naktaaf

hotnoc malad tahilret itrepeS .aynnauca kutneb irad atak ukus pait nagned tubesret

.tukireb

)a31( C J W D

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

es( eC -) - ed ej - - ew

↓ ↓

ewed ejeS


53

adaP furuh napacugnep )a31( hotnoc C atak ukus nagned minomohreb ’ec‘ eS -

( atak adap ej)es furuh nakgnadeS .’nial‘ J ’ej‘ ukus nagned iynub naamasrep ikilimem

atak – ej furuh , D atak ukus nagned iynub naamasrep ikilimem ’ed‘ ed - furuh nad , W

atak ukus nagned iynub naamasrep ikilimem ’ew‘ – .ew

.4.2 P sesorP ebme nagnajnameP nagneD laugniL nautaS nateselP nakutn

S natakgni

eselP nil nautas nat aisenodnI asahab laug kutneb naktaafnamem aguj

nakednepek aynutas halas , natakgniS .natakgnis apureb - adap tubesret natakgnis

em aynmumu irad iridret gnay nakednemep sesorp nakapur gnay kiab ,furuh nagnubag

it gnay nupuam furuh imed furuh ajeid imed furuh ajeid kad .furuh naka ini hawab iD

eselp nakutnebmep sesorp sisilanaid as nat laugnil naut natakgnis apureb .

)41( SDIA

s ,aynnauca iges irad uajnitiD hotnoc malad natakgni 41( nakapurem )

irad nakednepek emordnyS ycneicifeD onummI deriuqcA utiay , nakapurem haubes

hubut nalabekek metsis naknurunem gnay suriv . tubesret natakgnis ,numaN

idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid nayepmaS nagneD mitnI tabikA . nateselp kutneB

amas aynnauca nupuam - furuh imed furuh ajeid amas s , nagab malad tahilret itrepe

.ini tukireb

)a41( )b41(

S D I A S D I A

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

A deriuqc I onumm D ycneicife S emordny A tabik I mitn D nagne S nayepma


63

,)a41( hotnoc malaD furuh A atak idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid tabikA

furuh ,ayntujnaleS .)b41( malad I itnagid atak idajnem nagnajnapek mitnI furuh , D

atak idajnem aynnagnajnapek nagneD furuh nad , S aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid

atak idajnem nayepmaS . P natesel ini em hadus gnay apa nakkilabratum malad ukab

takaraysam .

51( ) KNTS

S 51( hotnoc malad natakgni m ) nakednepek irad kujure adnaT taruS romoN

naaradneK nis ,numaN . nakteselpid ini natakg aynnagnajnapek idajnem auT hagneteS

layneK numaN amas aynnateselp nupuam nauca kutneB . - .furuh imed furuh ajeid amas

:tukireb rabmag malad tahilret itrepeS

a51( ) K N T S )b51( S T N K

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

S taru T adna N romo K naaradne S hagnete T au N numa K layne

furuH S nakteselpid )a51( malad aynnagnajnapek idajnem atak hagneteS

,)b51( malad ,ayntujnales furuh T itnagid idajnem nagnajnapek atak auT furuh , N

idajnem aynnagnajnapek numaN furuh nad , K idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid

atak layneK . P natesel ini ralan nakirebmem gnay fitatnorfnok naujutreb atres

y apa nakkilabratumem hadus gna takaraysam malad ukab .

61( ) S KNAL

C 61( hotno ) kutneb malad aman iagabes amiretid takaraysam id isnevnok

dnab purg haubes . )61( hotnoC ,tubesret nagned nakteselpid nem arac nakidaj ayn

.ini hawab id nagab adap tahilret aynnakutnebmep sesorP .natakgnis haubes


73

)a 61( S A L N K

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

S hadu L ama A uk N riska K uma

irebid ,)a61( hotnoc malad natakgniS napek pait adap nagnaj - .aynfuruh pait

H furu S atak irad nakednepek nakapurem ,haduS furuh L atak irad nakednepek amaL ,

furuh A atak irad nakednepek ukA furuh , N atak irad nakednepek riskaN furuh nad , K

atak irad nakednepek nakapurem .umaK

71( ) MTT

natakgniS 71( hotnoc malad ) amiretid takaraysam id isnevnok kutneb malad

pek iagabes akedne irad n .arseM ipaT nameT nakteselpid tubesret natakgnis ,numaN

aynnagnajnapek idajnem narseM ipaT nameT aynnateselp nupuam nauca kutneB .

amas - uh ajeid amas uh imed fur .ini hawab id nagab malad tahilret itrepes ,fur

)a71( M T T )b71( M T T

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

T name T ipa M arse T name T ipa Me nars

71( hotnoc malaD a ,) kutneb furuh aynah nakteselpid gnay nagnajnapek M

,ayntujnaleS .)arsem( atak arsem IBBK( ’tare tagnas ;raneb takel‘ , )809 :8002

idajnem )n( rusnu nahabmanep imalagnem .narsem ataK narsem ’nisem ilo krem‘

malad )b71( nagnajnapeK .nisem ilo krem haubes adap ucagnem narseM ipaT nameT

ikilimem kadit ripmah .ankam


83

81( ) DMKL

S 81( hotnoc adap natakgni nakednepek irad ucagnem ) agabmeL nanahateK

.aseD takaraysaM kutneb nagned alup utigeb ,furuh imed furuh ajeid ini natakgniS

ateselp .ini hawab id nagab malad tahilret itrepes ,aynn

)a 81( D M K L )b81( M K L D

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

L agabme K nanahate M takaraysa D ase L narama K ire M gnete D kisih

nagnajnapeK DMKL idajnem nakteselpid atak - malad atak gnay awaJ asahab

idajnem kisihD gneteM ireK naramaL nakaleb naramal‘ ’ulud hibelret limah )ipat( nag

.)b81( hotnoc adap itrepes P natesel tubesret nakirebmem nay nauca g nakarbatreb atres

.takaraysam malad mizal hadus gnay apa nakkilabratumem furuh adap tahilret ini laH

L idajnem aynnagnajnapek itnagid gnay L narama furuh , K atak irad nakednepek K ire ,

furuh M atak irad nakednepek M gnete furuh nad , D rad nakednepek nakapurem atak i

D kisih . ini nateselP aguj naataynek padahret naridnis kutneb utas halas nakapurem

kaynab gnay ini asawed adum kana adap idajret .

)91( TESAK

atak ,numaN .natakgnis haubes halnakub )91( hotnoc ,nauca kutneb iagabeS

es aynnakidajnem arac nagned nakteselpid tubesret iagab sesorP .natakgnis

.ini hawab id nagab adap tahilret aynnakutnebmep

91( a) K A S E T

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

K halgnane A uk S mulebe E uakgn T rudi


93

k nakirebmem nagned nakteselpid )a91( hotnoC pait adap nagnajnape - pait

furuH .aynfuruh K irad nakednepek nakapurem halgnaneK furuh , A nakgnajnapid

atak idajnem ukA furuh , S atak idajnem nakgnajnapid mulebeS furuh , E nakgnajnapid

atak idajnem ,uakgnE furuh nad T atak irad nakednepek nakapurem rudiT .

02( ) RHT

,aynnauca iges irad uajnitiD )02( hotnoc irad nakednepek nakapurem

ayaR iraH nagnajnuT nakteselpid tubesret natakgnis ,numaN . aynnagnajnapek

idajnem ayaR iraH naharuT amas aynnateselp nupuam nauca kutneB . - ajeid amas

.ini hawab id nagab malad tahilret itrepes ,furuh imed furuh

)a02( T R H )b02( R H T

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

T nagnajnu H ira R aya T naharu H ira R aya

atak aynah nakteselpid gnay nagnajnapek ,)a02( hotnoc malaD nagnajnuT

)5051 :8002 ,IBBK( ’nautnab iagabes ijag raul id natapadnep‘ idajnem naharuT ’asis‘

.)b02( malad P natesel tubesret nakirebmem nay nauca g nakarbatreb atres

.takaraysam malad mizal hadus gnay apa nakkilabratumem

12( ) MURAJD

C 12( hotno ) or krem haubes adap ucagnem nakteselpid tubesret kreM .kok

idajnem d natakgnis adap nagnajnapek irebmem nagne pait - .aynfuruh pait esorP s

tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep pad .ini hawab id nagab adap tahilid ta

)a12( M U R A J D

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

D ime J adna A uk R ale U kutn M ita


04

,)a12( hotnoc adaP furuh D nakteselpid idajnem aynnagnajnapek ,imeD furuh J

d nakteselpi idajnem adnaJ furuh , A idajnem ukA furuh , R nakapurem irad nakednepek

atak ,aleR furuh U idajnem nakteselpid ,kutnU furuh nad M nakapurem nakednepek

atak irad .itaM

)22( JMTS

adap furuh nagnubag ,takaraysam malaD iagabes lanekid )22( hotnoc

irad nakednepek ehaJ udaM ruleT usuS litsi nakapurem gnay .tahes namunim kutnu ha

S idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid tubesret natakgni hisaM hujuT retesemeS

olbmoJ amas aynnateselp nupuam nauca kutneB . - uruh imed furuh ajeid amas itrepeS .f

ab malad tahilret nag :tukireb

22( )a S T M J )b 22( J M T S

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

S usu T rule M uda J eha S retseme T huju M hisa J olbmo

furuH S atak idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid )a22( malad retsemeS malad

furuh ,ayntujnaleS .)b51( T itnagid nagnajnapek ayn atak idajnem hujuT furuh , N

idajnem aynnagnajnapek hisaM furuh nad , J elpid atak idajnem aynnagnajnapek naktes

olbmoJ P . natesel tubesret ada hadus gnay apa nakkilabratumem malad ukab uata

takaraysam .

5.2 . A nagnajnameP nagneD nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP minork

nil nautas nateselP laug b naktaafnamem aguj apureb nakednepek kutne

minorkA .minorka - nakednemep sesorp nakapurem aynmumu adap tubesret minorka


14

gnay atak tered irad atak ukus nad furuh nagnubag ,atak ukus nagnubag apureb gnay

es )naklafalid( nakukalrepid .atak iagab nakiaruid naka ini hawab iD sesorp

teselp nakutnebmep laugnil nautas na .minorka apureb gnay

2( 3) tumeS

,nauca iges irad uajnitiD 2( hotnoc 3 orka haubes halnakub ) atak naknialem ,min

kujurem gnay ebmep sesorp malaD .gnatanib aman adap tubesret aman ,aynnakutn

idajnem nakteselpid minorka adap nagnajnapek irebmem nagned .aynatak ukus pait

.ini hawab id nagab malad tahilret aynnakutnebmep aloP

)a32( TUM ES

↓ ↓

ES i )ipat( mer TUM

)a32( hotnoC adap nagnajnamep imalagnem iatresid nagned aynatak ukus pait

atak ukus adap tahilret ini laH .napaselep eS - atak idajnem ES mer ,’naktukanem‘

napaselep iatresid ipat atak ukus nad , - tum atak irad nakednepek nakapurem gnay

i TUM ’.sinam‘

2( 4) eK roj a

iges irad uajnitiD )42( hotnoc ,nauca .minorka haubes halnakub arojeK malad

nib uata rumit gnatnib haubes aman adap ucagnem lakiskel ankam t gnay gnat tibre

8002 ,IBBK( irah inid adap .) arojeK minorka kutneb idajnem nakteselpid nagned

pek irebmem ynatak ukus pait irad nagnajna idajnem a reC olbmoJ kopmoleK ia. aloP

id nagab adap tahilid tapad aynnakutnebmep .ini hawab


24

)a42( AR OJ EK

↓ ↓ ↓

EK kopmol OJ olbm ec RiA

C a42( hotno ) asarf irad nakednemep iulalem kutnebret ek kopmol oj airec olbm .

ataK EK kopmol atak ukus idajnem nakednemep imalagnem ek - atak naidumek ,

OJ olbm atak ukus idajnem nakkednepid oj - atak nad , ec RiA nakednemep imalagnem

idajnem – .ar

2( 5) itapmiS

l araceS eb )52( hotnoc ,lakiske ayas asar uata hisak asar ankamr ,IBBK( gn

)9031 :8002 . )52( hotnoc ,uti nialeS .relules rotarepo utas halas krem nakapurem aguj

)52( hotnoC irad nagnajnapek irebmem nagned minorka kutneb idajnem nakteselpid

idajnem aynatak ukus pait iggniT tabajeP nanapmiS tapad aynnakutnebmep aloP .

id nagab adap tahilid .ini hawab

)a52( IT AP MIS

↓ ↓ ↓

MIS nanap P je A tab IT iggn

a52( hotnoC ) asarf irad nakednemep iulalem kutnebret tabajep nanapmis

iggnit ataK . MIS nanap atak ukus idajnem nakednemep imalagnem mis - naidumek ,

atak P je A tab atak ukus idajnem nakkednepid ap - atak nad , IT iggn imalagnem

idajnem nakednemep – it .

2( 6) ologiG

raceS ,lakiskel a 2( hotnoc 6 ikal ankamreb ) - arahilepid gnay narayab ikal

aw gnaroes 154 :8002 ,IBBK( hisakek iagabes atin .) ,nauca kutneb iagabeS ologig


34

K .minorka haubes halnakub pid tubesret ata nagned naktesel nakidajid iagabes

pek irebid uti atak ,ayntujnaleS .minorka t irad nagnajna itrepes ,aynatak ukus pai

.ini hawab id nagab malad tahilret

)a62( OL OG IG

↓ ↓ ↓

IG naril OG gnay OL oy

nateselP irad nakednepek nakapurem )a62( L gnayoG nariliG oyo . ataK IG naril

atak ukus idajnem nakednemep imalagnem ig - atak , OG gnay idajnem nakednepid

atak ukus og -, atak naidumek OL atak ukus idajnem nakednepid oy – ol .

2( 7) tomseksuP

irad nakednepek nakapurem )72( hotnoC rotoM nataheseK tasuP . )72( hotnoC

kutneb nakapurem minorka irad nateselp samseksuP irad nakednepek nakapurem gnay

takaraysaM nataheseK tasuP . sorP tubesret minorka audek nakutnebmep se tapad

.ini hawab id nagab adap tahilid

)a72( SAM SEK SUP b72( ) TOM SEK SUP

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

SUP ta SEK natahe M SA takaray SUP ta SEK natahe M TO ro

atak aynah nakteselpid gnay rusnu ,)a72( hotnoc adaP ( takaraysam - )sam

atak idajnem ( rotom - )tom .)b72( hotnoc adap itrepes )b72( nad )a72( hotnoC amas -

amas dib nagned natiakreb B .natahesek gna aynade , tomseksup nagned nagnubuhreb

rotom adepes ’’natahesek‘‘ itrepes ,tapmet aman adap kujurem ini lah malad gnay ,

.aynlasim ,lekgneb haubes


44

2( 8) wakaS

C em kutnu nakanugid gnay halitsi adap kujurem )82( hotno n utaus tubey

.abokran nahigatek gnaroeses akitek naadaek )82( hotnoC kutneb idajnem nakteselpid

ek irebmem nagned minorka aynrihkaret furuh nad atak ukus pait irad nagnajnap

idajnem wakgnE aneraK tikaS id nagab adap tahilid tapad aynnakutnebmep aloP .

ini hawab

)a82( W AK AS

↓ ↓ ↓

AS tik AK akgne aner W

)a82( hotnoC asarf irad nakednemep iulalem kutnebret wakgne anerak tikas .

ataK AS tik atak ukus idajnem nakednemep imalagnem as - atak naidumek , AK aner

atak ukus idajnem nakkednepid ak - atak nad , akgne W aynrihkaret furuh libmaid aynah

ajas .w

2( 9) akitametaM

atam utas halas aman nakapurem )92( hotnoc ,nauca iges irad uajnitiD

)92( hotnoC .narajalep besret aynnakidajnem nagned nakteselpid tu .minorka iagabes

pek irebid uti atak ,ayntujnaleS t irad nagnajna ynatak ukus pai tahilret itrepes ,a id

.ini hawab

)a92( ET AM AM AK IT

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

AM nik ET nuk MA nik IT kad AK naur

nateselP minorka 2( hotnoc adap 9a) irad nakednepek nakapurem nukeT nikaM

nikaM nauraK kadiT . ataK aM nik atak ukus idajnem nakednemep imalagnem am - ,


54

atak ET nuk atak ukus idajnem nakednepid et -, atak AM nik ukus idajnem nakednepid

atak – am atak , IT kad idajnem nakednepid it - atak naidumek , AK naur imalagnem

atak ukus idajnem nakednemep – ak .

( 03 ) adnoH

03( hotnoC ) ucagnem utas halas ;adnoH orihcioS utiay ,gnaroeses aman adap

aggnih gnay ainud id seskus sinsibep utas halas idajnem nakidabaid aynaman ini taas

.rotomeb naaradnek krem adnoH nagned minorka kutneb idajnem nakteselpid

irad nagnajnapek irebmem nad furuh tapad aynnakutnebmep aloP .aynatak ukus pait

id nagab adap tahilid .ini hawab

)a03( AD N OH

↓ ↓ ↓

OH rikim aynib iN naj AD

c adap minorka nateselP )a03( hotno asarf irad nakednemep iulalem kutnebret

ADnaj Nirikim aynibOH . ataK OH aynib atak ukus idajnem nakednemep imalagnem

oh - atak naidumek , irikim N ’nakgnayabmem‘ idajnem nakkednepid rusnu )n( , nad

atak naj AD atak ukus idajnem nakednemep imalagnem – ad .

6.2 . nagneD gnisA asahaB kutneB apureB nateselP nakutnebmeP sesorP

B isaisosA iynu

eselp malad iumetid gnay gnisa asahab kutneB t asahab laugnil nautas na

aisenodnI esarf ,atak helo isanimodid .sirggnI asahab malad tamilak nupuam nateselP

aynnaujut ini macames )ankam nad adnanep( adnat naiakgnar utaus ”lagejnem“ aynah


64

irad gnay urab nasep nanusus utaus nakutnebmep itukiid apnat ,mizal hadus gnay

.lamrof araces udapret kadit naasahabek tudus rusnu rusnU sirggnI asahab malad

atames tubesret - gnay kutneb nakteselemem kutnu iynub naniamrep irad lisah atam

eselp nakutnebmep sesorp sisilanaid naka ini hawab iD .aynucaid as nat laugnil naut

ynub isaisosa nagned sirggnI asahab kutneb apureb .i

3( 1) F oS knihT n ehS rae

C 3( hotno 1 atak nagned iynub naamasrep nakrasadreb kutnebid ) - malad atak

aisenodnI asahab asarf utiay ,aynnauca kutneb nakapurem gnay ripus gnitnis . aloP


)a13( KNIHT N EHS RAEF OS

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

uS - nis rip - gnit

↓ ↓

gnitnis ripuS

)a13( hotnoC asrep ikilimem .aynnauca kutneb irad iynub naam paiT - pait ukus

asarf irad atak s ripus gnitni atak ukuS .sirggnI asahab kutneb malad ek nakteselpid us -

idajnem nakteselpid os ’aguj‘ ukus , atak - rip atak idajnem raef ukus ,’tukat‘ atak nis -

idajnem ehs n , nad ukus atak – gnit idajnem nakteselpid kniht ’rikip‘ .

3( 2) tsuM yB enolA

ateselP )23( hotnoc adap n atak nauca kutneb ikilimem - asahab malad atak

utiay ,awaJ eab nola sam , ’sam ,ajas nalep‘ . nagab adap tahilret aynnakutnebmep aloP

.ini hawab id


74

)a23( TSUM YB ENOLA

↓ ↓ ↓

saM eab nolA

3( hotnoC 2a) isaisosa ikilimem naamasrep/ atak nagned iynub - malad atak

gabes awaJ asahab K .aynucaid gnay kutneb ia ata nola idajnem nakteselpid ’nalep‘

’iridnes‘ enola , atak ’ajas‘ eab idajnem by , nad m sa idajnem nakteselpid ‘ tsum ’surah .

3( 3) dniK ssiM ereH kcuF

atak nateselP - alad atak 3( hotnoc adap sirggnI asahab m 3 adap kujurem ) asarf

niksim rikaf asarF . niksim rikaf lpid nakrasadreb naktese ukus rep iynub naamasrep

aynatak kutneb idajnem .sirggnI asahab hawab id hotnoc malad kapmat tubesret laH

.ini

)a33( DNIK SSIM EREH KCUF

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

aF - sim rik - nik

↓ ↓

niksim rikaF

3( hotnoC a3 ) iynub naamasrep/isaisosa ikilimem .aynnauca kutneb irad paiT

asarf irad atak ukus niksim rikaf ukuS .sirggnI asahab kutneb malad ek nakteselpid

atak fa- nakteselpid atak idajnem kcuf atak ukus , – rik atak idajnem ereh ’inis id‘ , ukus

atak sim - atak idajnem ssim ’udnir‘ , atak ukus nad – nik atak idajnem dnik ’.sinej‘

3( 4) raeY yuB & laoG dneS

p iynub naniamreP 3( hotnoc ada 4) atak adap ucagnem - atak asahab malad

,aisenodnI .rayab & loggnes nakrasadreb nakteselpid tubesret nauca kutneB


84

.sirggnI asahab kutneb malad aynatak ukus rep ayniynub naamasrep sesorP


)a43( RAEY YUB & LAOG DNES

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

gneS - ab & log - ray

↓ ↓ ↓

rayab & loggneS

.aynnauca kutneb irad iynub naamasrep nakrasadreb kutnebid )a43( nateselP

atak ukus adap tahilret ini laH s gne - atak idajnem aisenodnI asahab malad ’mirik‘ dnes

atak ukus ,sirggnI asahab malad – log atak idajnem laog ’narasas‘ gnabmal & idajnem

nad atak ukus , ab - atak idajnem yub atak ukus nad ’ileb‘ – ray atak idajnem raey

’.nuhat‘

3( 5) tuC kceN raE puoS

C 3( hotno 5 asarf adap ucagnem ) .taken ripus asarF taken ripus nakteselpid

I asahab atak kutneb idajnem .sirggn id nagab malad naksalejid aynnakutnebmep aloP

ini hawab .

)a53( TUC KCEN RAE PUOS

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

uS - en rip - tak

↓ ↓

oS taken rip

lP a53( hotnoc adap natese kutneb irad iynub naamasrep nakrasadreb kutnebid )

asarf ,aynsesorp adaP .aynnauca taken ripus kutneb ek atak ukus rep nakteselpid ini

lret ini laH .sirggnI asahab malad atak atak ukus adap tahi su- aisenodnI asahab malad


94

atak idajnem puos ’pus‘ atak ukus ,sirggnI asahab malad – rip atak idajnem rae

atak ukus ’agnilet‘ en - atak idajnem kcen atak ukus nad ’rehel‘ – tak atak idajnem tuc

’.gnotop‘

3( 6) kaL oG gnuoY yhW e

3( hotnoc adap nateselP 6 nauca kutneb ikilimem ) asarf kelog gnayaw kutneB .

atak nagned iynub naamasrep nakrasadreb nakteselpid tubesret nauca - malad atak

.sirggnI asahab .ini hawabid lebat malad tahilid tapad aynnakutnebmep aloP

)a63( AL OG GNUOY YHW EK

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

aW - gnay og - kel

↓ ↓

kelog gnayaW

,)a63( hotnoc malaD asarf kelog gnayaw ek aynatak ukus pait nakteselpid

atak malad - atak ukus adap tahilret ini laH .sirggnI asahab atak wa- asahab malad

atak idajnem nakteselpid aisenodnI yhw atak ukus ,sirggnI asahab malad ’apanek‘ –

gnay atak idajnem gnuoy atak ukus ,’adum‘ og - idajnem og rep‘ atak ukus nad ,’ig – kel

atak idajnem ekal ’.uanad‘

3( 7) kcoR erA t’naC

iynub naniamreP 3( hotnoc adap 7 ,utiay ajar gnaroes aman adap ucagnem ) neK

.korA nakteselpid tubesret nauca kutneB ukus rep aynatak naamasrep nakrasadreb

iynub .ini hawab id nagab malad naksalejid itrepes ,sirggnI asahab kutneb malad ek


05

)a73( KCOR ERA T’NAC

↓ ↓ ↓

A neK - kor

awhab kapmat )a73( hotnoc adaP atak neK - aisenodnI asahab malad

nakteselpid atak idajnem t’nac adit‘ ’tapad k sirggnI asahab malad nakrasadreb

ayniynub naamasrep . naidumeK atak ukus a- atak idajnem era ’halada‘ , atak ukus nad

– kor atak idajnem kcor .’utab‘

3( 8) kcuF emoC llA sU lliK ehT erA eB

3( hotnoc adap nateselP 8 tamilak utiay nauca kutneb ikilimem ) lasa liked raib

kapmok naamasrep nakrasadreb atak ukus rep nakteselpid tubesret nauca kutneB .

.sirggnI asahab atak malad ek ayniynub tnebmep sesorP nagab malad kapmat aynnaku

b id wa a .ini h

)a83( KCUF EMOC LLA SU LLIK EHT ERA EB

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

iB - ed ra - a lik - mok las - kap

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

lasa liked raiB kapmok

83( hotnoc malaD ,)a asualk kapmok lasa liked raib ukus pait nakteselpid

aynatak tubesret laH .sirggnI asahab kutneb malad ek atak adap tahilret b rai gnay

idajnem nakteselpid era eb atak , liked idajnem nakateselpid llik eht atak , lasa

akteselpid idajnem n ,lla su atak nad kapmok idajnem nakteselpid emoc kcuf .


15

)93( tI oD yrrahC kooB ehS

C )93( hotno kujurem asualk adap tiud irac kubis .’gnau iracnem kubis‘ ataK

et nauca kutneb irad atak ukus nad kutneb malad ek nakteselpid tubesr sirggnI asahab

.ini tukireb hotnoc malad itrepes ,ayniynub naamasrep nakrasadreb

)a93( TI OD YRRAHC KOOB EHS

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

iS - ud irac kub - ti

↓ ↓ ↓

tiud irac kubiS

,)a93( hotnoc malaD atak ukus si- atak idajnem nakteselpid ehs aid‘ ’ )atinaw(

,naidumeK .ayniynub naamasrep nakrasadreb atak ukus – kub atak idajnem koob

atak ,’ukub‘ irac atak idajnem yrrahc atak ukus , ud - idajnem od atak ukus nad , – ti

idajnem .ti

7.2 . P sesorP tnebme asarF rusnU utaS halaS nahabureP nagneD nateselP naku

nil nautas nateselP aisenodnI asahab laug .asarf kutneb malad iumetid aguj

asarf rusnu utas halaS y atak idajnem nakteselpid gnurednec tubesret resegreb gna

esarf rusnu utas halas irad iynub naamasrep ikilimem kaynab tikides ipatet ,aynankam

akutnebmep sesorp sisilanaid naka ini hawab iD .nakteselpid gnay nautas nateselp n

ugnil la .aynesarf rusnu utas halas nahaburep nagned

( 04 ) karaJ halhajaG

P ( hotnoc adap natesel 04 ek utnetret laugnil nautas naricnileggnep nakapurem )

)04( hotnoC .iynub napirimek nasek ikilimem gnay nial laugnil nautas adap kujurem


25

tamilak .karaJ halagaJ ataK halagaj idajnem nakteselpid .halhajag nagnuredneceK

tubesret sid nakbabe atak aratna halagaj atak nagned halhajag napirimek ikilimem

.iynub .tukireb iagabes halada aynnakutnebmep aloP

)a04( ( hajaG ) hal karaJ ( agaJ ) hal karaJ

rasad atak ,aynnakutnebmep sesorp malaD agaj atak idajnem nakteselpid

hajag lekitrap naknahatrepmem nagned - .hal nakbabeynem ini laugnil nautas nateselP

.ankam nad kutneb nahaburep aynidajret nateselP tubesret nakricnileggnem utaus

nar adnat naiakg mizal hadus gnay araces udapret kadit naasahabek tudus irad gnay

.lamrof hibel ini nateselP .nakhalasamrepid ulalret kadit ankam aynkapman ,inis iD

.nanosnok nad lakov isanibmok naisaresek naklojnonem

4( 1) kasur leges akij ihakinid nagnaJ

C 4( hotno 1 haubes adap ucagnem ) ,natagnirep lebal leges akij ilebid nagnaj

.kasur irad nakteselpid gnay rusnU tubesret nauca kutneb atak halada ilebid idajnem

atak .ihakinid :ini hawab id hotnoc adap itrepeS

)a14( nagnaJ ihakinid kasur leges akij nagnaJ di ileb kasur leges akij

nad kutneb nahaburep aynidajret nakbabeynem )a14( hotnoc adap nateselP

.ankam bek araceS tubesret atak audek ,nalute .napacugnep iynub napirimek ikilimem

tubesret nateselP em nanosnok nad lakov isanibmok naisaresek naklojnon naujuT . irad

kutnu halada tubesret nateselp em nakteselem nanapamek utaus namizalek uata

nasep naiakgnar atres urab naataynrep naiakgnar haubes aynkutnebret nagned itukiid

natuapretek takgnit iaynupmem gnay .lamrof


35

4( 2) kahabreT nukuD kalotiD atniC

4( hotnoc adap nateselP 2 napakgnu haubes adap ucagnem ) nukud kalotid atnic

.kadnitreb atak halada tubesret nauca kutneb irad nakteselpid gnay rusnU kadnitreb

em n atak idaj kahabret . .ini hawab id hotnoc adap itrepeS

)a24( nukud kalotid atniC kahabret nukud kalotid atniC kadnitreb

.napacugnep iynub napirimek ikilimem gnurednec tubesret atak audeK naujuT

kutnu halada tubesret nateselp irad utaus lagejnem ipatet ,nasep naiakgnar namizalek

iaynupmem gnay urab naataynrep naiakgnar haubes aynkutnebret nagned itukiid

.lamrof natuapretek takgnit isanibmok naisaresek naklojnonem hibel tubesret nateselP

nanosnok nad lakov .

4( 3) lloR dna kcurT

4( hotnoc adap nateselP 3 atak adap ucagnem ) - atak ,sirggnI asahab malad kcor

.llor dna .ini hawab id hotnoc adap tahilid tapad aynnakutnebmep sesorP

)a34( kcurT lloR dna kcoR lloR dna

nauca kutneb ,)a34( hotnoc malaD kcor ’utab‘ kutneb malad ek nakteselpid

atak idajnem ,aguj sirggnI asahab kcurt ’kurt‘ . nakbabesid tubesret nagnuredneceK

atak aratna anerak kcor atak nad kcurt .iynub napirimek ikilimem nateselP tubesret

nkam nad adnanep( adnat naiakgnar utaus ”lagejnem“ apnat ,mizal hadus gnay )a

kadit naasahabek tudus irad gnay urab nasep nanusus utaus nakutnebmep itukiid

.lamrof araces udapret .nakhalasamrepid ulalret kadit ankam aynkapman ,inis iD

.nanosnok nad lakov isanibmok naisaresek naklojnonem hibel ini nateselP


45

4( 4) iriT kanA nataparP

C 4( hotno 4 napakgnu haubes nauca kutneb ikilimem ) irit kana napatar . sesorP

.ini hawab id hotnoc adap tahilid tapad tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep

)a44( nataparP irit kana napataR irit kana

nad kutneb nahaburep aynidajret nakbabeynem )a44( hotnoc adap nateselP

.ankam napacugnep iynub napirimek ikilimem tubesret atak audek ,nalutebek araceS .

ataK napatar ankam ikilimem khideynem gy napacu iatresid gy nasignat :IBBK( na

8002 ,) ajnem nakteselpid awaJ asahab malad atak id nataparp gnay ’natapmerep‘

naklojnonem gnurednec ini nateselP .tapme gnapmis ;nalaj nagnalisrep itrareb

atak aratna iynub napirimek napatar atak nagned .nataparp

4( 5) kohT gnulaB tawaK totO

4( hotnoc adap nateselP 5 awaJ asahab malad halitsi haubes adap ucagnem )

,acaktohtaG gnayaw hokot utas halas adap takelem nad nagnayawep ainud malad toto

isew gnulab tawak arac nad napakgnu halada inI .’iseb irad gnalut nad tawak irad toto‘

nakrabmaggnem malad awaJ gnaro asahabreb naroes .repus nataukek ikilimem gnay g

.ini hawab id hotnoc adap tahilid tapad tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep sesorP

)a54( gnulab tawak totO koht gnulab tawak totO isew

ataK isew )a54( hotnoc adap ’iseb‘ idajnem nakteselpid , koht P .’ajas‘ natesel

ek nakricnilegid kutnu napakgnu haubes irad ukab rutkurts nalobejnep nakapurem ini

,aynisgnuf iges iraD .nial ankam ini nateselp ahab iagabes kolo n - nakolo gnay

.suruk hubut ikilimem gnay gnaroeses adap nakujutid


55

4( 6) neaL niB amaS arO

adap iynub naniamreP 4( hotnoc 6 utiay ,gnaroeses aman adap ucagnem )

niB amasO nedaL . hotnoc adap tahilid tapad tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep sesorP

.tukireb

)a64( neal nib amas arO nedal nib amasO

p ,)a64( hotnoc malaD idajret nateseleme .aynankam nad kutneb naratat adap

K ata amasO atak idajnem - atak awaJ asahab malad amas aro atak nad ,’amas kadit‘

nedaL niB atak idajnem neal nib iagabes gnurednec ini nateselp aynkutnebreT .

naniamrep anerak iynub aratna napirimek ikilimem aynnateselp nupuam nauca kutneb

.napacugnep iynub

4( 7) uamuK gnaY umgnatuK

C 4( hotno 7 kudorp helo nakanugid gnay napakgnu haubes adap ucagnem )

,adosreb namunim uam uak gnay uhatuk rusnu adap idajret nateselemeP . uhat uk

idajnem umgnatuk nad uam uak idajnem uamuk id nasalejenep adap tahilret itrepes ,

.ini hawab

)a74( umgnatuK gnay uamuk uhat uK gnay uam uak

)a74( hotnoC kutnu napakgnu haubes irad ukab rutkurts nalobejnep nakapurem

.nial ankam ek nakricnilegid )a74( hotnoc adap nateselp aynkutnebreT gnurednec

ikilimem aynnateselp nupuam nauca kutneb anerak iynub naniamrep iagabes

em ini nateselP .napacugnep iynub napirimek atak akitek fitagen isaisosa ikilim uhatuk

id idajnem nakteselp umgnatuk ataK . gnatuk susuhk malad naiakap adap ucagnem

.atinaw


65

4( 8) raiL adnaJ usuS

4( hotnoc adap nateselP 8 taisahkreb usus aman irad nauca kutneb nakapurem )

eP .rail aduk usus utiay ,awabmuS ualuP irad lasareb gnay dajret nateselem i adap

K .aynankam nad kutneb naratat ata aduk atak idajnem adnaj kadit gnay atinaw‘

uata iarecreb anerak igal imausreb laggnitid nup .)8002 ,IBBK( ’aynimaus itam sesorP

.tukireb iagabes halada aynnakutnebmep

)a84( usuS adnaj rail usuS aduk rail

atak audek aratnA ynub napirimek iklimem tubesret nakgnadeS .napacugnep i

,tubesret nateselemep irad lisah rail adnaj usus adebreb gnay isatonok nakatpicnem

.ifargonrop adap haragnem gnurednec nad aynnauca kutneb irad

94( ) edisnI adnaJ

hotnoc adap nateselP 94( haubes adap ucagnem ) etnI ,ygolonhcet dnarb l

edisnI asarf rusnu utas halaS . nakteselpid gnay atak halada tubesret nauca kutneb irad

letni idajnem adnaj nup uata iarecreb anerak igal imausreb kadit gnay atinaw‘ anerak

,IBBK( ’aynimaus itam laggnitid .)8002 gabes halada aynnakutnebmep sesorP ia

.tukireb

)a94( adnaJ edisnI letnI edisnI

K atak aude )a94( hotnoc adap hawab siragreb gnay naamasrep ikilimem kadit

irad adebreb gnay isatonok nakatpicnem tubesret nateselemep lisah ipatet ,iynub

aynnauca kutneb . naujuT rad halada tubesret nateselp i “ lagejnem ” nanapamek utaus

iid ipatet ,nasep naiakgnar namizalek uata haubes aynkutnebret nagned ituk naiakgnar

.lamrof natuapretek takgnit iaynupmem gnay urab naataynrep


75

05( ) inayabebmaH iruW tuT

iynub naniamreP 05( hotnoc adap kujurem ) nayobmes adap iruW tuT

inayadnaH . tuT iruW nad gnakaleb irad itukignem aynitra inayadnaH itrareb

aggniheS .tagnames nagnorod uata larom nagnorod nakirebmem inayadnaH iruW tuT

surah gnaroeses halai mes nad larom nagnorod nakirebmem .gnakaleb irad ajrek tagna

atak halada tubesret nayobmes irad nakteselpid gnay esarf rusnu utas halaS inayadnaH

atak idajnem inayabebmaH .ini hawab id hotnoc malad naksalejid itrepes ,

)a05( iruW tuT inayabebmaH iruW tuT inayadnaH

P haubes irad ukab rutkurts nalobejnep nakapurem )a05( hotnoc adap natesel

.nial ankam ek nakricnilegid kutnu asahabirep ikilimem tubesret atak audek aratnA

nateselp ,aynnauca kutneb ankam irad nanawalreB .napacugnep iynub napirimek tuT

inayabebmaH iruW itrareb gnakalebid rokegnem ayahabreb .

helorepid ,aynnakutnebmep sesorp nakrasadreb sisilanaid gnay atad 05 iraD

aynabes 9 k malad kusamret atad 3 ,akgna naniamrep malad kusamret gnay atad

,nagnalib naniamrep mrep malad kusamret atad 1 9 ,furuh nania usamret atad k

8 ,natakgnis apureb nakednemep samret atad 11 ,minorka apureb nakednemep ku atad

apureb atad 9 nad ,esarf rusnu utas halas nahaburep nagned nateselp malad kusamret

.iynub isaisosa nagned gnisa kutneb nagned nateselp

lisah iraD sisilana nateselp helo isanimodid nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp ,

las nahaburep nagned nasalejneP .esarf rusnu utas ha sesorp padahret sisilana ianegnem

j hibel tahilret naka tubesret nateselp nakutnebmep .ini tukireb 1.2 lebat adap sale


85

.1.2 lebaT

NAKUTNEBMEP SESORP LAUGNIL NAUTAS NATESELP

oN . ataD naucA kutneB sesorPnakutnebmeP

1 karaJ halhajaG karaJ halagaJ utas halas nahaburePasarf rusnu

2 akij ihakinid nagnaJkasur leges

nagnaJ akij ilebidr leges kasu

utas halas nahaburePasarf rusnu

3 SDIA ( mitnI tabikA)nayepmaS nagneD

onummI deriuqcA ycneicifeD

emordnyS

nagnajnamep sesorPnatakgnis

4 nukud kalotid atniCkahabret

nukud kalotid atniCkadnitreb


5 lloR dna kcurT lloR & kcoR utas halas nahaburePasarf rusnu

6 t kana nataparP iri t kana napataR iri utas halas nahaburePasarf rusnu

7 umeS t tumi ipat mereS nagnajnamep sesorPminorka

8 auT hagneteS( KNTSK numaN layne )

romoN adnaT taruSnaaradneK


9 arojeK olbmoJ kopmoleKaireC

nagnajnamep sesorPminorka

01 gnulaB tawaK totOkohT

gnulab tawak totOisew


11 neaL niB amaS arO nedaL niB amasO aparebeb nahaburePasarf rusnu

21 TESAK ukA halgnaneK mulebeS uakgnE

rudiT

nagnajnamep sesorP natakgnis

31 ologiG gnayoG nariliGoyoL

nagnajnamep sesorPminorka

41 KNALS ukA amaL haduSumaK riskaN


51 k gnay umgnatuK uamu uak gnay uhatuK utas halas nahabureP


95

uam asarf rusnu 61 RHT iraH naharuT(

)ayaR uT iraH nagnajn

ayaR nagnajnamep sesorP

natakgnis 71 adnaj orp sid3nA adnaj orp sidag itnA akgna naniamreP 81 raiL adnaJ usuS l aduk usuS rai utas halas nahabureP

asarf rusnu 91 edisnI adnaJ edisnI letnI utas halas nahabureP

asarf rusnu 02 itapmiS tabajeP nanapmiS

iggniT nagnajnamep sesorP

minorka 12 ( MTT ipaT nameT

narseM ) arseM ipaT nameT nagnajnamep sesorP

natakgnis 22 inayabebmaH iruW tuT inayadnaH iruW tuT utas halas nahabureP

asarf rusnu 32 ( DMKL ireK naramaL

kisihD gneteM ) nanahateK agabmeL

aseD takarysaM nagnajnamep sesorP

natakgnis 42 WDJC ewed ejeS furuh naniamreP 52 i od yrrahc koob ehS t tiud irac kubiS gnisa asahab kutneB

iynub isaisosa nagned 62 wakaS tikaS aneraK

wakgnE nagnajnamep sesorP

minorka 72 M akitameta nikaM nukeT nikaM

naurak kadiT nagnajnamep sesorP

minorka 82 HTADRA iruditiD aleR ukA

limaH kadiT lasA nagnajnamep sesorP

natakgnis 92 adnoH ayniboH

adnaJ nignorkgnoN orP nagnajnamep ses

minorka 03 ruj 7 naM rujuj utnaM akgna naniamreP 13 KCUL 321 REM kalaG autreM akgna naniamreP 23 01alK haC netalk haC akgna naniamreP 33 kniht n ehs raef oS gnitnis ripuS gnisa asahab kutneB

iynub isaisosa nagned 43 m yb enolA tsu saM ,eab nolA gnisa asahab kutneB

iynub isaisosa nagned 53 cuF k ssim ereh k dni m rikaF niksi gnisa asahab kutneB

iynub isaisosa nagned 63 P tomseksu nataheseK tasuP

rotoM nagnajnamep sesorP

minorka 73 raey yub & laog dneS rayab & loggneS gnisa asahab kutneB

iynub isaisosa nagned


06

83 llik eht pu ehs pu ehSeerht si em eht

paiS - imed liked paisirtsi

nagnalib naniamreP

93 ekal og gnuoy yhW kelog gnayaW gnisa asahab kutneBiynub isaisosa nagned

04 i tca dna em ehT s 3 irtsi kana imeD naniamreP akgna 14 dne eht uoy era eno arP

aef os thguoht r totneid uya nawarP

ripus nagnalib naniamreP

24 sid 3/1 nalip 6 P itrepes nalipmanePsidag

akgna naniamreP

34 g owt llik ehS lri legut likiS nagnalib naniamreP 44 j nid 432 H tel 005 a ogaj nidusmaS ijaH

telep akgna naniamreP

54 c kcen rae puoS tu taken ripuS gnisa asahab kutneB

iynub isaisosa nagned 64 gnay 051 aC gnayog kepaC akgna naniamreP 74 rub 5 hA rubam ilhA akgna naniamreP 84 S JMT hujuT retsemeS(

)olbmoJ hisaM S udaM ruleT usu

ehaJ nagnajnamep sesorP

natakgnis 94 r era t’naC kco korA neK nagned gnisa kutneB

iynub isaisosa 05 lla su llik eht era eB

f emoc kcu lasa liked raiB

kapmok eB nagned gnisa kutn

iynub isaisosa


16

III BAB

SINEJ - LAUGNIL NAUTAS NATESELP SINEJ

as nateselp ,aynnakutnebmep sesorp turunem sisilanaid tapad nialeS naut

laugnil sinej turunem nakisakifislkid tapad - d naka ini hawab iD .aynsinej sisilanai

sinej - nateselp sinej laugnil nautas .

.1.3 B( sigolonoF nateselP )iynu

halada sigolonof nateselP sineJ .nokiskel uata menof haubes adap nateselp

iD .aynnauca kutneb irad iynub naamasrep/napirimek nagned iadnatid ini nateselp

.sigolonof nateselp sinej sisilana nakapurem ini hawab

.1.1.3 niamreP apureB sigolonoF nateselP A na .akgn

)1( gnay 051aC gnayog kepaC

l nautas nateselP adap laugni nauca ikilimem )1( hotnoc esarf gnayog kepac .

akgna adap idajret sigolonof nateselP 051 ’hulup amil sutares‘ ini 051 akgna anam id

utiay ,aohgnoiT nagnalib irad isatneserper nakapurem og kep . rusnU - malad rusnu

esarf gnayog kepac nagnalib nagned iynub naamasrep ikilimem og kep adap )kep(ac

.gnay)og(

)2( tel 005aJ nid 432H telep ogaj nidusmaS ijaH

nautas nateselP kujurem )2( hotnoc adap laugnil asualk adap nidusmaS ijaH

.telep ogaj adaP nid 432H akgna adap idajret sigolonof nateselp , 432 ,agit ,aud‘


26

idajnem aohgnoiT )nagnalib( atak malad gnay ’tapme eos ,mas ,ij aohgnoiT nagnaliB .

irid aman adap ucagnem tubesret .nid)usmaS ij(aH ayntujnaleS adap tel 005 aj ,

akgna adap idajret aguj sigolonof nateselp 005 ’sutar amil‘ nagnalib malad gnay

aohgnoiT idajnem kep og aohgnoiT nagnaliB . asarf adap ucagnem tubesret p og(aj )e

tel .

)3( reM - 321 - kcul kalag autreM

esarf nauca kutneb ikilimem )3( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas nateselP autrem

.kalag akgnA 321 nagnalib utiay ,aynnakgnabmalem gnay iynub ilikawem ,aud ,utas

agit nagnalib anerak sigolonof nateselp sinej nakapurem )3( hotnoc adap nateselP .

rusnu irad iynub naamasrep ikilimem tubesret - esarf nugnabmem gnay rusnu )ut(rem

)ag( )a( asahab malad atak adap idajret aguj sigolonof awitsirep ,uti nialeS .kcul

sirggnI kcul b‘ atak ukus nagned ’gnutnure – kal atak adap .kalag

)4( 01alK haC netalK haC

nauca kutneb ikilimem )4( hotnoc adap irid satitnedi nakapurem gnay nateselP

netalK haC erak sigolonof sinej malad kusamret tubeset nateselP . naktaafnamem an

akgna iynub naamasek 01 idajnem sirggnI asahab malad gnay ’hulupes‘ net nagned

atak ukus – net tapmet adap ucagnem gnay atak naigab irad net(alk .)

)5( adnaj orp sid3nA adnaj orp sidag itnA

asarf irad nauca kutneb nakapurem )5( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas nateselP itna

adnaj orp sidag . sigolonof nateselP akgna adap idajret 3 nagned ’agit‘ kutneb nauca

asarf 3 asarf nauca kutneb nagned ’agit‘ it(na .sid)ag


36

)6( sid 3/1 nalip 6 P sidag itrepes nalipmaneP

asualk adap ucagnem )6( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas nateselP nalipmanep

.sidag itrepes akgna adap idajret sigolonof nateselP 6 nauca kutneb nagned ’mane‘

atak nalip)mane(p nahacep akgna nakgnadeS . 3/1 epes‘ isisoperp adap ucagnem ’agitr

itrepes amatrep atak ukus nad ag - atak adap .sid)ag(

)7( ruj7naM rujuj utnaM

nautas nateselP kujurem )7( hotnoc adap laugnil asarf adap rujuj utnam .

adap idajret sigolonof nateselP akgna 7 rusnu napaselep nagned ’hujut‘ (h) adap

.ruj)uj ut(nam asarf nauca kutneb

)8( rub 5 hA rubam ilhA

asarf adap ucagnem )8( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas nateselP rubam ilha ilha‘

ret sigolonof nateselP .’gnabret adap idaj akgna 5 asarf nauca kutneb adap ’amil‘

rub)amil(ha .

)9( 3 sI kanA eM ehT irtsi kana imeD

esarf adap ucagnem )9( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas nateselP .irtsi kana imed

akgna adap idajret sigolonof nateselP 3 ’ adap ’agit 3 si )nagnalib( atak malad gnay

halada sirggnI asahab .eerht napacugnep iynub naamasrep ikilimem tubesret nagnaliB

nauca kutneb irad atak ukus nagned si - .)irt( atak adap idajret aguj sigolonof nateselP

em eht nauca kutneb nagned imed .

.2.1.3 elP B naniamreP apureB sigolonoF nates nagnali

01( ) raeF oS thguoT dnE ehT uoY erA enO arP totneid uya nawarP

ripus


46

ateselP 01( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas n kujurem ) asahab malad tamilak adap

,awaJ ripus totneid uya nawarp .’ripus ihubutesid kitnac nawarep‘ nagnalib naniamreP

sirggnI asahab malad nagnalib halada inis id duskamid gnay eno .’utas‘ ataK

ukus nagned nakminomohid naidumek ini atak ukus utas irad iridret gnay )nagnalib(

atak – naw atak adap .)naw(arp p ,nahurulesek araceS adap idajret sigolonof natesel

pait ukus atak irad kapmat ini laH .aynnauca kutneb irad atak nawarp ikilimem gnay

sirggnI asahab malad atak irad iynub napirimek ,eno arp atak uya nagned ,uoy era

atak totneid nagned dne eht ,thguot nad atak ripus nagned os .

11( ) lriG owT lliK ehS legut likiS

1( hotnoc adap nagnalib naniamreP asahab malad nagnalib halada )1 sirggnI

owt C .’aud‘ 11( hotno atak nauca kutneb ikilimem ) - awaJ asahab malad atak legut likis

laH .aynnauca kutneb irad atak ukus pait adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .’sutup ikak‘

atak ukus adap kapmat ini iS - atak irad napacugnep iynub naamasek ikilimem gnay

sirggnI asahab ,ehs atak ukus – lik atak idajnem ,llik atak ukus ut - atak idajnem

agnalib( )n owt atak ukus nad , – leg atak idajnem lrig ’.sidag‘

21( ) eerhT sI eM ehT lliK ehT pU ehS pU ehS paiS - imed liked pais

irtsi

nateselP 21( hotnoc malad laugnil nautas kujurem ) asualk adap pais - liked pais

.irtsi imed halada ini nateselp malad nagnalib naniamreP eerht .’agit‘ nateselP

aynnakutnebmep sesorP .aynnauca kutneb irad atak ukus pait adap idajret sigolonof

isakilpuder nakteselemem nagned halada pais - pais idajnem pu ehs pu ehs atak ukus ,

ed - atak idajnem eht us , atak uk – lik atak idajnem llik atak ukus , ed - atak idajnem eht ,


56

atak ukus – im atak idajnem em atak ukus , si - atak idajnem si atak ukus nad , - irt

)nagnalib( atak idajnem eerht .

.3.1.3 H naniamreP apureB sigolonoF nateselP furu

31( ) WDJC ewed ejeS

31( hotnoc adap furuh naniamreP kujurem ) atak - ,awaJ asahab malad atak ejes

ewehd furuh nagnubag irad furuh pait adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .’iridnes nial‘

.WDJC furuH C ’ec‘ atak ukus nagned napacugnep iynub napirimek ikilimem eS -,

furuh J atak ukus nagned iynub napirimek ikilimem ’ej‘ – ,ej furuh D ikilimem ’ed‘

atak ukus nagned iynub naamasrep ehd - furuh nad , W iynub naamasrep ikilimem ’ew‘

atak ukus nagned – .ew

.4.1.3 eselP B isaisosA nagneD gnisA asahaB kutneB apureB sigolonoF nat iynu

41( ) knihT n ehS raeF oS oS gnitnis rip

C 41( hotno nial gnay laugnil nautas ek laugnil nautas naricnileggnep apureb )

hotnoC .nakteselpid gnay laugnil nautas nagned iynub napirimek nasek ikilimem gnay

irad kujurem )41( asarf gnitnis ripus atak malad ek nakteselpid tubesret nauca kutneB .

dreb sirggnI asahab ukus adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .ayniynub naamasrep nakrasa

atak us - sirggnI asahab atak nagned napacugnep iynub napirimek ikilimem gnay os ,

atak ukus – rip atak idajnem raef atak ukus , nis - atak idajnem .n ehs atak ukus nad –

gnit atak idajnem .kniht B nologret ini nateselp ,aynasahab ratna nagnubuh nakrasadre g

aisenodnI asahab nateselp utiay ,asahabratna nateselp - .sirggnI asahab


66

51( ) tsum yb enolA M ,eab nolA sa

gnil nautas nateselP 51( hotnoc adap lau atak adap ucagnem ) - asahab malad atak

,awaJ sam ,eab nola irad atak pait adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .’sam ,ajas nalep‘

ataK .aynnauca kutneb nola atak idajnem nakteselpid aisenodnI asahab malad ’nalep‘

sirggni asahab enola atak ,’iridnes‘ eab idajnem yb atak nad , sam atak idajnem tsum

’surah‘ . nateselp gnologret ini nateselp ,aynasahab ratna nagnubuh nakrasadreB

awaJ asahab nateselp utiay ,asahabratna - .sirggnI asahab

61( ) dniK ssiM ereH kcuF niksim rikaF

ataK - alad atak 61( hotnoc adap sirggnI asahab m asarf adap ucagnem ) rikaf

niksim asahab atak malad ek nakteselpid tubesret nauca kutneb irad atak ukus paiT .

atak ukus adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .ayniynub naamasrep nakrasadreb sirggnI af -

I asahab malad atak idajnem aisenodn kcuf atak ukus ,sirggnI asahab malad – rik

atak idajnem ereh atak ukus , sim - atak idajnem ssim atak ukus nad , – nik atak idajnem

dnik . nateselp gnologret ini nateselp ,aynasahab ratna nagnubuh irad uajnitiD

b nateselp utiay ,asahabratna aisenodnI asaha - .sirggnI asahab

71( ) l og gnuoy yhW eka kelog gnayaW

nial gnay laugnil nautas ek laugnil nautas naricnileggnep apureb )71( hotnoC

.nakteselpid gnay laugnil nautas nagned iynub napirimek nasek ikilimem gnay

nateselP 71( hotnoc malad laugnil nautas nauca kutneb ikilimem ) kelog gnayaw paiT .

utneb irad atak ukus .sirggnI asahab atak malad ek nakteselpid tubesret nauca k

atak ukus adap idajret sigolonof nateselP aw - atak idajnem ,yhw atak ukus – gnay


76

atak idajnem gnuoy atak ukus , og - atak idajnem og atak ukus nad , – kel atak idajnem

.ekal

81( ) tuC kceN rae puoS taken ripuS

81( hotnoc adap nateselP esarf adap ucagnem ) taken ripus irad atak ukus paiT .

atak malad ek nakteselplid tubesret nauca kutneb - sesorp malaD .sirggnI asahab atak

ap idajret sigolonof nateselp ,aynnakutnebmep atak ukus ad us - asahab malad

atak idajnem aisenodnI puos atak ukus ,sirggnI asahab malad – rip atak idajnem rae ,

atak ukus en - atak idajnem kcen atak ukus nad , – tak atak idajnem tuc . nakrasadreB

tna nateselp gnologret ini nateselp ,aynasahab ratna nagnubuh nateselp utiay ,asahabra

aisenodnI asahab - .sirggnI asahab

91( ) kcoR erA t’naC korA neK

ateselP 91( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas n ajar haubes aman adap ucagnem ) neK

korA tubesret nauca kutneb irad atak ukus paiT . atak malad ek nakteselpid - asahab atak

atak ukus adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .sirggnI nek - atak idajnem t’nac atak ukus , a-

atak idajnem era atak ukus , – kor atak idajnem kcor .

02( ) kcuF emoC llA sU lliK ehT erA eB kapmok lasa liked raiB

ataK - malad atak I asahab 02( hotnoc malad sirggn asualk adap ucagnem ) raib

kapmok lasa liked atak idajnem nakteselpid tubesret nauca kutneb irad atak ukus paiT .

atak ukus adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .sirggnI asahab malad ib - nem atak idaj eb ,

atak ukus – ra atak idajnem era atak ukus , ed - atak idajnem eht atak ukus , – lik idajnem

atak llik atak ukus , a- atak idajnem su atak ukus , – las atak idajnem lla atak ukus , mok -

atak idajnem emoc atak ukus nad , – kap atak idajnem kcuf .


86

12( ) raey yub & laog dneS rayab & loggneS

ateselP 12( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas n atak adap ucagnem ) - atak nad loggnes

rayab atak malad ek nakteselpid tubesret nauca kutneb irad atak ukus paiT . - atak

ateselP .sirggnI asahab atak ukus adap idajret sigolonof n gnes - atak idajnem dnes ,

atak ukus – log atak idajnem laog gnabmal , & idajnem ’dna‘ nad atak ukus , ab -

atak idajnem yub atak ukus nad , – ray atak idajnem raey .

)22( ti od yrrahc koob ehS tiud irac kubiS

asualk adap ucagnem )22( hotnoc adap laugnil nautas nateselP irac kubis tiud

kutneb irad atak ukus nad atak adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .’gnau iracnem kubis‘

aH .sirggnI asahab atak malad ek nakteselpid naidumek gnay tubesret nauca ini l

atak ukus adap tahilret iS - atak idajnem nakteselpid ehs ’aid‘ )atinaw( atak ukus , – kub

atak idajnem koob atak ,’ukub‘ irac atak idajnem yrrahc atak ukus , ud - atak idajnem

od atak ukus nad , – ti atak idajnem .ti

.5.1.3 teselP D nateselP malaD sigolonoF na nagne rusnU utaS halaS nahabureP

asarF

2( 3) karaJ halhajaG karaj halagaJ

nateselP 2( hotnoc adap 3 adap kujurem ) karaJ halagaJ esarf rusnu utas halaS .

nakteselpid gnay tubesret nateselp malad atak halada halagaj tubesret nateselP .

ukeb rutkurts ikilimem gnay naraju uata napakgnu haubes naricnileggnep nakapurem

.nial gnay ankam nad kutneb ek nakteselpid kutnu ataK halagaj idajnem nakteselpid

halhajag napirimek nakrasadreb rasad ataK .aynnapacugnep iynub agaj atak idajnem

hajag lekitrap naknahatrepmem nagned – hal


96

42( ) kasur leges akij ihakinid nagnaJ kasur leges akij ilebid nagnaJ

tamilaK 2( hotnoc adap 4 natagnirep lebal haubes adap ucagnem ) ilebid nagnaJ

kasur leges akij atak adap idajret sigolonof nateselP . ilebid idajnem ihakinid audeK .

.aynnapacugnep malad iynub napirimek ikilimem gnurednec tubesret atak nateselP

ubes naricnileggnep nakapurem tubesret ikilimem gnay naraju uata napakgnu ha

.nial gnay ankam nad kutneb ek nakteselpid kutnu ukeb rutkurts

2( 5) et nukud kalotid atniC r kahab kadnitreb nukud kalotid atniC

nateselP 2( hotnoc adap 5 adap kujurem ) gnu napak nukud kalotid atnic

nitreb kad atak adap idajret sigolonof nateselP . kalotid atak idajnem kahabret aratnA .

.aynnapacugnep malad iynub napirimek ikilimem gnurednec tubesret atak audek

2( 6) lloR dna kcurT lloR & kcoR

ataK - ( hotnoc adap atak 26 nauca kutneb ikilimem ) llor & kcor nateselP .

adap idajret sigolonof kcor atak idajnem .kcurt nakbabesid tubesret nagnuredneceK

atak aratna anerak kcor atak nad kcurt .iynub napirimek ikilimem

2( 7) iriT kanA natapararP - irit kana napataR

2( hotnoc adap nateselP 7 napakgnu haubes nauca kutneb ikilimem ) napatar

irit kana atak adap idajret sigolonof nateselP . napatar gy napacu iatresid gy nasignat‘

atak nagned ’nakhideynem nataparp ’natapmerep‘

2( 8) neaL niB amaS arO nedaL niB amasO


07

2( hotnoc adap nateselP 8 utiay ,gnaroeses aman adap ucagnem ) niB amasO

nedaL . adap idajret siglonof nateselP amasO awaJ asahab malad atak idajnem aro

amas ’amas kadit‘ atak nad , nedaL niB atak idajnem neal nib .

2( 9) uamuK gnaY umgnatuK uam uak gnay uhat uK

2( hotnoc adap nateselP 9 nakanugid gnay napakgnu haubes adap ucagnem )

,adosreb namunim kudorp helo uam uak gnay uhatuk . elP nakapurem tubesret nates

kutnu ukeb rutkurts ikilimem gnay naraju uata napakgnu haubes naricnileggnep

nateselP .nial gnay ankam nad kutneb ek nakteselpid rusnu adap idajret sigolonof uk

uhat idajnem umgnatuk nad uam uak idajnem uamuk .

( 03 ) raiL adnaJ usuS rail aduk usuS

( hotnoc adap nateselP 03 taisahkreb usus aman irad nauca kutneb nakapurem )

utiay ,awabmuS ualuP irad lasareb gnay rail aduk usus adap idajret sigolonof nateselP .

atak aduk atak idajnem adnaj uata iarecreb anerak igal imausreb kadit gnay atinaw‘

ikilimem gnurednec tubesret atak audek aratnA .’aynimaus itam laggnitid anerak nup

.napacugnep iynub napirimek

3( 1) inayabebmaH iruW tuT inayadnaH iruW tuT

3( hotnoc adap nateselP 1 nayobmes adap ucagnem ) inayadnaH iruW tuT . tuT

iruW nad gnakaleb irad itukignem aynitra inayadnaH nagnorod nakirebmem itrareb

aggniheS .tagnames nagnorod uata larom inayadnaH iruW tuT surah gnaroeses halai

.gnakaleb irad ajrek tagnames nad larom nagnorod nakirebmem tubesret nateselP

kutnu ukeb rutkurts ikilimem gnay asahabirep haubes naricnileggnep nakapurem

.nial gnay ankam nad kutneb malad ek nakteselpid P asahabirep adap sigolonof natesel


17

dajret tubesret atak adap i inayadnaH atak idajnem inayabebmaH atak audek aratnA .

kutneb ankam irad nanawalreB .napacugnep iynub napirimek ikilimem tubesret

nateselp ,aynnauca inayabebmaH iruW tuT itrareb gnakalebid rokegnem ayahabreb .

.2.3 sifarG nateselP

aynnakidajnem nagned furuh nagnubag nateselp inkay ,)furuh( sifarg nateselP

.natakgnis iagabes

3( 2) SDIA A tabik I mitn D nagne S nayepma

gnay natakgnis haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp nakapurem )23( hotnoC

.nial nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis idajnem utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem

)furuh( sifarg nateselp sinej malad ek gnologret ini nateselP nagnubag nateselp utiay ,

em nagned furuh SDIA .natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajn ucagnem irad nakednepek

onummI deriuqcA emordnyS ycneicifeD irebid nagned nakteselpid naidumek gnay

idajnem nial nagnajnapek nayepmaS nagneD mitnI tabikA . aynmumu adap natakgniS

.ayngnajnap kutneb ada haletes nakatpicid nagnubag aynmumu adap nateselP

.aynnagnajnapek irebid naidumek ,ulud hibel ada hadus aynfuruh

3( 3) KNTS S hagnete T au N numa K layne

hotnoc malad nateselP 33( ) teselp sinej malad ek gnologret ,)furuh( sifarg na

natakgniS .natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem nagned furuh nagnubag nateselp utiay

lawa furuh nagnubag apureb kutnebret gnay irad KNTS natakgniS .aynnenopmok pait

ucagnem irad nakednepek ,naaradneK romoN adnaT taruS naidumek gnay

irebid nagned nakteselpid idajnem nial nagnajnapek layneK numaN auT hagneteS .


27

adap nateselP .ayngnajnap kutneb ada haletes nakatpicid aynmumu adap natakgniS

.aynnagnajnapek irebid naidumek ,ulud hibel ada hadus aynfuruh nagnubag aynmumu

eselP ini nat gnay natakgnis haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp nakapurem

nial nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis idajnem utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem .

3( 4) KNALS S hadu L ama A uk N riska K uma

hotnoC 33( purem ) haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp naka gnay atak

ankam ikilimem atakgnis idajnem utnetret utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay n .

nagnubag nateselp utiay ,)furuh( sifarg nateselp sinej malad ek gnologret ini nateselP

gnis iagabes aynnakidajnem nagned furuh NALS ,nauca kutneb iagabeS .natak K

nakapurem dnab purg haubes aman nakteselpid naidumek gnay natakgnis idajnem

nagned nagnajnapek irebid idajnem ,aynlawa furuh pait irad riskaN ukA amaL haduS

umaK .

(35) MTT T name T ipa M narse

gnay natakgnis haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp nakapurem )53( hotnoC

.nial nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis idajnem utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem

nagnubag nateselp utiay ,)furuh( sifarg nateselp sinej malad ek gnologret ini nateselP

gned .natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem na 53( hotnoc malaD nagnajnapek kutneb ,)

furuh aynah nakteselpid gnay M atak ,ayntujnaleS .)arsem( arsem imalagnem

idajnem )n( rusnu nahabmanep .narsem ataK narsem ilo krem haubes adap ucagnem

.nisem


37

3( 6) DMKL L narama K ire M gnete D kisih

3( hotnoc adap natakgniS 6 irad nakednepek adap ucagnem ) agabmeL

aseD takaraysaM nanahateK . sifarg nateselp sinej malad ek gnologret ini nateselP

nagned furuh nagnubag nateselp utiay ,)furuh( .natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem

furuh nagnubag apureb natakgniS lawa idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid tubesret

atak - idajnem awaJ asahab malad atak gneteM ireK naramaL kisihD rihka naramal‘

.’uluhad limah malad gnologret ini nateselp ,aynasahabratna nagnubuh irad uajnitiD

aisenodnI asahab nateselp utiay ,asahabratna nateselp - .awaJ asahab

3( 7) TESAK K halgnane A uk S mulebe E uakgn T rudi

gnay atak haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp nakapurem )73( hotnoC

.utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis idajnem utnetret ankam ikilimem

ek gnologret ini nateselP .aynankam nad kutneb nahaburep nakbabeynem ini nateselP

sifarg nateselp sinej malad nagned furuh nagnubag nateselp utiay ,)furuh(

.natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem C hotno )73( ucagnem adneb haubes ispesrep adap

akteselpid naidumek gnay nagnajnapek irebid nagned n idajnem ukA halgnaneK

rudiT uakgnE mulebeS . nakatpicid aynmumu adap natakgniS kutneb ada haletes

,ulud hibel ada hadus aynfuruh nagnubag aynmumu adap nateselP .ayngnajnap

.aynnagnajnapek irebid naidumek

3( 8) RHT T naharu H ira R aya

,)furuh( sifarg nateselp sinej malad ek gnologret )83( hotnoC nateselp utiay

.natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem nagned furuh nagnubag nakapurem )83( hotnoC

utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp


47

.nial nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis idajnem kgniS ucagnem tubesret nata

irad nakednepek ayaR iraH nagnajnuT idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid gnay

ayaR iraH naharuT . nateselp utiay ,asahabratna nateselp malad gnologret ini nateselP

aisenodnI asahab - nagnajnapek aratna ,awaJ asahab nagnajnut nagned naharut .

3( 9) MURAJD D ime J adna A uk R ale U kutn M ita

C 3( hotno 9) gnay atak haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp nakapurem

.utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis idajnem utnetret ankam ikilimem

elp sinej malad ek gnologret )93( hotnoC nagnubag nateselp utiay ,)furuh( sifarg nates

)93( hotnoC .natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem nagned furuh krem adap ucagnem

kokor tubesret )krem( ataK . nakteselpid aynnakidajnem nagned natakgnis iagabes

aynnagnajnapek irebmem nagned idajnem itaM kutnU aleR ukA adnaJ imeD .

04( ) JMTS S retseme T huju M hisa J olbmo

haubes nakricnileggnem gnay nateselp nakapurem )04( hotnoc adap natakgniS

ikilimem gnay natakgnis idajnem utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay natakgnis

.nial nagnajnapek lanekid )04( hotnoc adap furuh nagnubag ,takaraysam malaD

iagabes irad nakednepek usuS ehaJ udaM ruleT litsi nakapurem gnay kutnu ha

S .tahes namunim idajnem aynnagnajnapek nakteselpid tubesret natakgni retesemeS

olbmoJ hisaM hujuT .

.3.3 simefroM nateselP

lp inkay ,)nokiskel( simefrom nateselP arac nagned atak haubes natese

m uata nakidajnem aynpaggnagne .minorka apureb nakednepek iagabes


57

( 14 ) tumeS tumI ipat mereS

irad uajnitiD eb ,nauca kutn ( hotnoc 14 ubes halnakub ) naknialem ,minorka ha

minorka iagabes paggnaid uata nakidajid tubesret ataK .gnatanib aman adap ucagnem

idajnem napaselep iatresid aynatak ukus pait adap nagnajnapek irebmem nagned

tumi )ipat( meres ikilimem gnay atak naricnileggnep nakapurem ini sinej nateselP .

.utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay minorka idajnem utnetret ankam

4( 2) arojeK aireC olbmoJ kopmoleK

4( hotnoc adap ataK 2 kujurem lakiskel ankam malad ) haubes aman adap

nib uata rumit gnatnib .)8002 :IBBK( irah inid adap tibret gnay gnat kutneb iagabeS

atak ,nauca arojek t atak ,numaN .minorka haubes halnakub paggnaid tubesre iagabes

d minorka aynatak ukus pait irad nagnajnapek irebmem nagne idajnem kopmolek

airec olbmoj .

4( 3) itapmiS iggniT tabajeP nanapmiS

,IBBK( gnayas asar uata hisak asar ankamreb )52( hotnoc ,lakiskel araceS

)9031 :8002 . )52( hotnoc ,uti nialeS .relules rotarepo utas halas krem nakapurem aguj


idajnem aynatak ukus pait iggniT tabajeP nanapmiS .

4( 4) ologiG oyoL gnayoG nariliG

raceS ,lakiskel a 4( hotnoc 4 ikal ankamreb ) - arahilepid gnay narayab ikal

w gnaroes .)8002 :IBBK( hisakek iagabes atina ,nauca kutneb iagabeS G ologi

haubes iagabes nakidajid nad paggnaid tubesret atak ipatet ,minorka haubes halnakub


67

ka aynatak ukus pait irad nagnajnapek irebid uti atak ,ayntujnaleS .minor idajnem

oyol gnayog narilig .

4( 5) adnoH adnaJ nignorkgnoN ayniboH

s aman adap ucagnem )54( hotnoC utas halas ;adnoH orihcioS utiay ,gnaroese

utas halas idajnem nakidabaid aynaman ini taas aggnih gnay ainud id seskus sinsibep

gnay atak naricnileggnep nakapurem ini sinej nateselP .rotomeb naaradnek krem

ilimem gnay minorka idajnem utnetret ankam ikilimem .utnetret nagnajnapek ik


nad furuh ak ukus pait idajnem aynat adnaJ nignorkgnoN ayniboH .

4( 6) tomseksuP rotoM nataheseK tasuP

minorka adap kujurem )64( hotnoC samseksup nagnajnapek nakapurem gnay

irad takaraysaM nataheseK tasuP . naricnileggnep nakapurem ini sinej nateselP

ay minorka idajnem utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay minorka ikilimem gn

.nial nagnajnapek minorka adaP samseksuP aynah nakteselpid gnay rusnu ,

nagnajnapek ( takaraysam - )sam nagnajnapek idajnem ( rotom - )tom minorka adap

kutneb nagned ankam natukgnasretek ikilimem hisam ini nateselp lisaH .tomseksuP

.aynnauca P mseksu sa aisunam natahesek nagned nagnubuhreb nay lah malad g ini

nakgnadeS .aynlasim ,natahesek kinilk haubes adap kujurem tomseksuP nagnubuhreb

,tapmet aman adap kujurem ini lah malad gnay rotom adepes ”natahesek“ nagned

.aynlasim ,lekgneb haubes itrepes


77

4( 7 ) wakaS wakgnE aneraK tikaS

utaus tubeynem kutnu nakanugid gnay halitsi adap kujurem )74( hotnoC

nakapurem ini sinej nateselP .abokran nahigatek gnaroeses akitek naadaek

ikilimem gnay atak naricnileggnep ankam ikilimem gnay minorka idajnem utnetret

agnajnapek .utnetret n )82( hotnoC nagned minorka kutneb idajnem nakteselpid

ek irebmem aynrihkaret furuh nad atak ukus pait irad nagnajnap idajnem aneraK tikaS

wakgnE .

4( 8 ) akitametaM nauraK kadiT nikaM nukeT nikaM

d uajnitiD atam utas halas aman nakapurem )84( hotnoc ,nauca iges ira

utnetret ankam ikilimem gnay atak naricnileggnep nakapurem ini nateselP .narajalep

)84( hotnoC .utnetret nagnajnapek ikilimem gnay minorka idajnem besret tu

aynnakidajnem nagned nakteselpid irebid uti atak ,ayntujnaleS .minorka iagabes

pek ynatak ukus pait irad nagnajna idajnem a nauraK kadiT nikaM nukeT nikaM .

.4.3 I nateselP ( sigoloed S )kitname

)kitnames( sigoloedi nateselP utiay nial edi idajnem edi haubes nateselp

y kitsiugnil kutneb nagned .amas gna

94( ) edisnI adnaJ edisnI letnI

94( hotnoc adap nateselP haubes adap ucagnem ) letnI ,ygolonhcet dnarb

edisnI . .aynnauca kutneb irad ankam nad kutneb haburem tubesret nateselp lisaH

C 94( hotno p malad ek kusamret ) )kitnames( sigoloedi natesel utiay haubes nateselp


87

.amas gnay kitsiugnil kutneb nagned nial edi idajnem edi nauca kutneB letni

nakteselpid idajnem adnaj ‘ nup uata iarecreb anerak igal imausreb kadit gnay atinaw

’aynimaus itam laggnitid anerak .)8002 :IBBK(

kohT gnulaB tawaK totO )05( isew gnulab tawak totO

elP awaJ asahab malad halitsi haubes adap ucagnem )05( hotnoc adap nates

,acaktohtaG gnayaw hokot utas halas adap takelem nad nagnayawep ainud malad toto

isew gnulab tawak .’iseb irad gnalut nad tawak irad toto‘ nad napakgnu halada inI arac

waJ gnaro asahabreb .repus nataukek ikilimem gnay gnaroes nakrabmaggnem malad a

C 05( hotno haubes nateselp utiay )kitnames( sigoloedi nateselp malad ek kusamret )

nagned nial edi idajnem edi amas gnay kitsiugnil kutneb . ataK isew adap ’iseb‘

jnem nakteselpid ,tubesret napakgnu ida koht iagabes duskamreb ini nateselP .’ajas‘

kolo nahab - ikilimem gnay gnaroeses adap nakujutid gnay nakeje nahab uata nakolo

.suruk hubut

kaynabes helorepid ,aynsinej nakrasadreb sisilanaid gnay atad 05 iraD 13 atad

lad kusamret ub( sigolonof nateselp ma 9 ,)iyn nateselp sinej malad kusamret atad

elp malad kusamret atad 8 ,)furuh( sifarg 2 nad ,)nokiskel( simefrom nates atad

.)kitnames( sigoloedi nateslp malad kusamret

sinej helo isanimodid laugnil nautas nateselp sinej ,sata id sisilana lisah iraD

nateselp 13 kaynabes )iynub( sigolonof sinej ianegnem nasalejneP .atad - nateselp sinej

.ini tukireb 1.3 lebat adap salej hibel tahilret naka tubesret


97

.1.3 lebaT

SINEJ – SINEJ NATESELP LAUGNIL NAUTAS

ON ATAD LAUGNIL NAUTAS NATESELP SINEJ sigolonoF

)iynub( farG si

)furuh( simefroM )nokiskel(

sigoloedI )kitnames(

1 halagaJ( karaJ halhajaG)karaJ

√

2 akij ihakinid nagnaJ nagnaJ( kasur leges

)kasur leges akij ilebid

√

3 nitnI tabikA( SDIA)nayepmaS nagneD

√

4 nukud kalotid atniC kalotid atniC( kahabret

kadnitreb nukud

√

5 kcoR( lloR dna kcurT)llor dna

√

6 irit kana nataparPt kana napataR( )iri

√

7 )tumI ipat mereS( tumeS √ 8 auT hagneteS( KNTS

)layneK numaN

√

9 ( arojeK kopmoleK)aireC olbmoJ

√

01 koht gnulab tawak totOb tawak totO( gnula

)iseB

√ 11 neaL niB amaS arO

)nedaL niB amasO(

√

21 halgnaneK( TESAK uakgnE mulebeS ukA

)rudiT

√


08

31 gnayoG nariliG( ologiG)oyoL

√

41 amaL haduS( KNALS)umaK riskaN ukA

√

51 uamuk gnay umgnatuKk gnay uhatuK( )uamu

√

61 iraH naharuT( RHT)ayaR

√

71 itnA( adnaj orp sid3nA)adnaj orp sidag

√

81 usuS( rail adnaj usuSl aduk )rai

√

91 letnI( edisnI adnaJ)edisnI

√

02 hujuT retsemeS( JMTS)olbmoJ hisaM

√

12 ipaT nameT( MTT)narseM

√

22 inayabebmaH iruW tuT)inayadnaH iruW tuT(

√

32 ireK naramaL( DMKL)kisihD gneteM

√

42 )ewehD ejeS( WDJC √ 52 ti od yrrahc koob ehS

)tiud irac kubis( √

62 nanapmiS( itapmiS)iggniT tabajeP

√

72 tasuP( tomseksuP)rotoM nataheseK

√

82 aneraK tikaS( wakaS)wakgnE

√

92 adnaJ imeD( MURAJD)itaM kutnU aleR ukA

√

03 M( ruj7naM )rujuj utna √ 13 autreM( kcul 321 reM

)kalaG

√

23 )netalk haC( 01alK haC √


18

33 kniht n ehs raef oS)gnitnis ripoS(

√

43 nolA( tsuM yB enolA)sam eab

√

53 dniK ssiM ereH kcuF)niksim rikaF(

√

63 nikaM( akitametaM kadiT nikaM nukeT

)nauraK

√

73 raey yub & laog dneSS( )rayab & loggne

√

83 hs pu ehS llik eht pu eS( eerht si em eht pai

)irtsi imed liked pais

√

93 ekal og gnuoy yhWW( )kelog gnaya

√

04 3 sI tcA dnA eM ehTD( )irtsi kana ime

√

14 ehT uoY erA enO arP reeF oS thguohT dnE

totneid uya nawarP()ripus

√

24 sid 3/1 nalip 6 P itrepeS nalipmaneP(

)sidaG

√

34 likiS( lriG owT lliK ehS)leguT

√

44 ijaH( tel005aJ nid432H)telep ogaj nidusmaS

√

54 tuC kceN raE puoS)takeN ripoS(

√

64 kepaC( gnay 051 aC)gnayog

√

74 )rubam ilhA( rub 5 hA √ 84 ayniboH( adnoH

J nignorkgnoN adna )

√

94 r era t’naC neK( kco)korA

√


28

05 lla su llik eht era eBf emoc B( kcu liked rai

)kapmok lasa

√


38

VI BAB

PUTUNEP

1.4 . nalupmiseK

nad laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp ianegnem naitilenep lisah iraD

nej si - laugnil nautas nateselp sinej iagabes aynnaklupmiynem tapad silunep , :tukireb

)1( b nakisakifisalkid tapad ,lupmukret gnay atad 05 iraD p iagabre sesor

nakutnebmep nateselp s laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp ,tukireb iagabe

mep sesorp ,akgna naniamrep nakanuggnem b nakanuggnem nateselp nakutne

,nagnalib naniamrep nakutnebmep sesorp nateselp ,furuh naniamrep nakanuggnem

nagnajnamep sesorp nakutnebmep sesorp ,minorka nad natakgnis apureb nateselp

nagned nateselp nakutnebmep sesorp nad ,iynub isaisosa nagned gnisa asahab kutneb

asarf rusnu utas halas nahaburep .ayn

)2( nakanuggnem nagned nateselp nakutnebmep sesorP akgna naniamrep

tapadret nateselp )nalibmes( 9 kaynabes d gnay idajnem igal nakirogetakid tapa 5

apureb gnay nateselp bes akgna anam id ,akgna naniamrep ga isatneserper ia asahab

,aisenodnI ,utiay 5 ha ,ruj 7 nam ,sid 3/1 nalip 6 p ,adnaj orp sid3na ,kcul 321 rem

rub . K iamrep irogeta isatneserper iagabes akgna anam id ,akgna nan atak asahab

sirggnI nateselp 2 tapadret ,utiay , 3 si kana em eht , 01 alk hac K . naniamrep irogeta

gabes akgna anam id ,akgna tapadret aohgnoiT asahab isatneserper ia nateselp 2 ,utiay ,

gnay 051 ac , aj nid 432 h .tel 005


48

)3( apureb laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep sesorP ep nagnalib naniamr

nateselp 3 tapadret utiay , raef os thguot dne eht uoy era eno arp , lrig owt llik ehs nad ,

eerht si em eht llik eht pu ehs pu ehs atak ,lakitamarg araceS . - kadit tubesret atak

mem ankam ikili mrep naklojnonem gnurednec tubesret nateselP . nagned iynub nania

atak nad nagnalib naktaafnamem - naamasrep ikilimem gnay sirggnI asahab malad atak

k nagned napacugnep iynub ata - gnay kutneb iagabes aisenodnI asahab malad atak

.ucaid

)4( sorP naniamrep apureb laugnil nautas nateselp nakutnebmep se furuh

nateselp 1 tapadret ,utiay , WDJC naamasek nakisaisosaid tubesret furuh naniamreP .

naigab nagned ayniynub - idajnem awaJ asahab atak naigab ewehd ejes .’iridnes nial‘

)5( ateselp nakutnebmep sesorP il nautas n laugn apureb nagnajnamep

tapadret natakgnis nateselp 9 ,utiay , ,DMKL ,MTT ,KNALS ,KNTS MURAJD ,SDIA ,

,RHT ,TESAK nad .JMTS natakgniS - natakgnis tubesret nauca nad ralan nakirebmem

nakarbatreb ,fitatnorfnok gnay atres mem hadus gnay apa nakkilabratu malad ukab

.takaraysam

)6( nebmep sesorP nateselp nakut apureb nagnajnamep a 8 tapadret minork

nateselp )napaled( utiay , ,supul ,ologig ,arojek ,tumes ,wakas ,tomseksup ,itapmis

,akitametam nad .adnoh

)7( nagned gnisa asahab kutneb apureb nateselp nakutnebmep sesorP

apadret iynub isaisosa nateselp )nalibmes( 9 t ,utiay , ,tsum yb enola ,kniht n ehs raef os

,ekal og gnuoy yhw ,tuc kcen rae puos ,raey yub & laog dnes ,dnik ssim ereh kcuf

t’nac era era eb ,kcor ti od yrrahc koob ehs ,kcuf emoc lla su llik eht araceS .


58

nateselp ,lakitamarg - nateselp mem kadit tubesret ankam ikili tubesret nateselP .

niamrep naklojnonem gnurednec ek naktaafnamem nagned iynub na iynub naamas

agned napacugnep atak n - .aisenodnI asahab malad atak nateselP - tubesret nateselp

em nakricnileggn anep( adnat naiakgnar utaus mizal hadus gnay )ankam nad adn apnat

kadit naasahabek tudus irad gnay urab nasep nanusus utaus nakutnebmep itukiid

lamrof araces udapret .

)8( sesorP nagned nateselp nakutnebmep asarf rusnu utas halas nahaburep

utiay ,atad 11 tapadret kalotid atnic ,kasur leges akij ihakinid nagnaj ,karaj halhajag

amas aro ,koht gnulab tawak toto ,irit kana nataparp ,llor dna kcurt ,kahabret nukud

ay umgnatuk ,neal nib inayabebmah iruw tut ,edisni adnaj ,rail adnaj usus ,uamuk gn .

nateselP - tubesret nateselp nakricnileggnem anep( adnat naiakgnar utaus nad adn

mizal hadus gnay )ankam gnay urab nasep nanusus utaus nakutnebmep itukiid apnat

.lamrof araces udapret kadit naasahabek tudus irad nateselp ,uti nialeS - nateselp

tubesret namizalek uata nanapamek utaus lagejnem itukiid ipatet ,nasep naiakgnar

haubes gnay urab naataynrep naiakgnar .lamrof natuapretek takgnit iaynupmem

)9( aD ,lupmukret gnay atad 05 ir tapad sinej nakisakifisalkid - sinej nateselp

as aisenodnI asahab laugnil naut . sineJ - sret nateselp sinej e nateselp ,nial aratna tub

om nateselp ,)furuh( sifarg nateselp ,)iynub( sigolonof nateselp nad ,)nokiskel( simefr

( sigoloedi kitnames )

)01( sigolonof nateselP )iynub( uata menof haubes adap nateselp nakapurem

napirimek nagned iadnatid ini nateselp sineJ .nokiskel / kutneb irad iynub naamasrep

nakumetid sigolonof nateselp ,sisilana lisah iraD .aynnauca nateselp 13 kaynabes gnay


68

nakiaruid tapad igal p :tukireb iagabes akgna naniamrep apureb sigolonof natesel

,utiay ,nateselp 9 kaynabes p ,adnaj orp sid3na ,kcul 321 rem 7 nam ,sid 3/1 nalip 6

3 si kana em eht ,rub 5 ha ,ruj , gnay 051 ac ,01 alk hac , aj nid 432 h tel 005 . nateselP

nalib naniamrep apureb sigolonof ,nateselp 3 kaynabes nag utiay eht uoy era eno arp

raef os thguot dne , lrig owt llik ehs nad , eht pu ehs pu ehs eerht si em eht llik . nateselP

,utiay ,nateselp 1 tapadret furuh naniamrep apureb sigolonof WDJC . nateselP

,nateselp 9 kaynabes iynub isaisosa nagned gnisa asahab kutneb apureb sigolonof

,utiay ,tsum yb enola ,kniht n ehs raef os ,raey yub & laog dnes ,dnik ssim ereh kcuf

t’nac ,ekal og gnuoy yhw ,tuc kcen rae puos era ,kcuf emoc lla su llik eht era eb ,kcor

ti od yrrahc koob ehs . esarf rusnu utas halas nahaburep apureb sigolonof nateselP

,utiay ,nateselp 9 kaynabes ,karaj halhajag atnic ,kasur leges akij ihakinid nagnaj

kalotid aro ,koht gnulab tawak toto ,irit kana nataparp ,llor dna kcurt ,kahabret nukud

amas iruw tut ,edisni adnaj ,rail adnaj usus ,uamuk gnay umgnatuk ,neal nib

inayabebmah .

)11( )furuh( sifarg nateselP lp inkay , nagned furuh nagnubag natese

kaynabes nakumetid ,sisilana lisah iraD .natakgnis iagabes aynnakidajnem 9

,utiay ,natakgnis TESAK ,DMKL ,MTT ,KNALS ,KNTS ,SDIA ,MURAJD , RHT , JMTS .

)21( )nokiskel( simefrom nateselP ubes nateselp inkay , arac nagned atak ha

nem aynpaggnagnem uata nakidaj lisah iraD .minorka apureb nakednepek iagabes

sisilana , kaynabes nakumetid ,utiay ,minorka 8 ,ologig ,arojek ,tumes ,itapmis

h ,akitametam ,wakas ,tomseksup .adno


78

)31( ( sigoloedi nateselP kitnames ), edi idajnem edi haubes nateselp inkay

tapadret sigoloedi nateselP .amas gnay kitsiugnil kutneb nagned nial 2 kaynabes

,utiay ,nateselp edisni adnaj nad koht gnulab tawak toto .

ispirkseD ianegnem nad nakutnebmep sesorp sinej - nateselp sinej as naut

laugnil .ini tukireb 1.4 lebat adap salej hibel tahilret naka

.1.4 lebaT

NAD NAKUTNEBMEP SESORP SISILANA LISAH ISALUTIPAKERSINEJ - LAUGNIL NAUTAS NATESELP SINEJ

oN ataD sesorP nakutnebmeP

nateselP

nautaS nateselP sineJlaugniL

FP GP MP IP 1 halagaJ( karaJ halhajaG

)karaJ utas halas nahabureP

asarf rusnu √

2 akij ihakinid nagnaJ nagnaJ( kasur leges

)kasur leges akij ilebid


√

3 mitnI tabikA( SDIA)nayepmaS nagneD

nakednemep sesorPnatakgnis apureb

√

4 nukuD kalotiD atniC kalotid atniC( kahabreT

)kadnitreb nukud

P utas halas nahabureasarf rusnu

√

5 kcoR( lloR dna kcurT)llor dna


√

6 iriT kanA nataparP)iriT kanA napataR(


√

7 ipat mereS( tumeS)tumI

ednemep sesorP nakminorka apureb

√

8 auT hagneteS( KNTS)layneK numaN

nakednemep sesorP natakgnis apureb

√

9 kopmoleK( arojeK)aireC olbmoJ

nakednemep sesorPminorka apureb

√


88

01 gnulaB tawaK totO tawaK totO( kohT

)iseB gnulaB


√

11 neaL niB amaS arO)nedaL niB amasO(

aparebeb nahaburePasarf rusnu

√

21 TESAK ( halgnaneK uakgnE mulebeS ukA

rudiT )


√

31 gnayoG nariliG( ologiG)oyoL


√

41 amaL haduS ( KNALS)umaK riskaN ukA


√

51 gnaY umgnatuK gnay uhatuK( uamuK

k )uamu


√

61 RHT ( iraH naharuTayaR )


√

71 itnA( adnaj orp sid3nA)adnaj orp sidag

nagned gnisa kutneBiynub nahaburep

√

81 usuS( raiL adnaJ usuS)raiL aduK


√

91 letnI( edisnI adnaJ)edisnI


√

02 JMTS ( hujuT retsemeSolbmoJ hisaM )


√

12 ipaT nameT( MTT)narseM


√

22 inayabebmaH iruW tuT)inayadnaH iruW tuT(


√

32 ireK naramaL ( DMKL)kisihD gneteM

ednemep sesorP naknatakgnis apureb

√

42 )ewehD ejeS( WDJC furuh naniamreP √ 52 ti od yrrahc koob ehS

)tiud irac kubis( utas halas nahabureP

asarf rusnu

62 itapmiS ( nanapmiS)iggniT tabajeP


√

72 tomseksuP ( tasuProtoM nataheseK )


√

82 wakaS ( aneraK tikaS kednemep sesorP na √


98

wakgnE ) minorka apureb 92 adnaJ imeD( MURAJD

)itaM kutnU aleR ukA ednemep sesorP naknatakgnis apureb

√

03 )rujuj utnam( ruj 7naM akgna naniamreP √ 13 autreM( kcul 321 reM

)kalaG akgna naniamreP

√

23 )netalk haC( 01alK haC akgna naniamreP √ 33 kniht n ehs raef oS

)gnitnis ripoS( gnisa asahab kutneB

isaisosa nagnediynub

√

43 nolA( tsuM yB enolA)sam eab

gnisa asahab kutneB isaisosa nagned

iynub

√

53 kcuF( niksim rikaF)dniK ssiM ereH


iynub

√

63 akitametaM ( nikaM kadiT nikaM nukeT

nauraK )

apureb nakednemePminorka

√

73 raey yub & laog dneS)rayab & loggnes(


iynub

√

83 llik eht pu ehs pu ehS pais( eerht si em eht)irtsi imed liked pais


iynub

√

93 ekal og gnuoy yhW)kelog gnayaw(


iynub

√

04 3 sI tcA dnA eM ehT)irtsi kana imed(

akgna naniamreP √

14 ehT uoY erA enO arP reeF oS thguohT dnE

totneid uya nawarP()ripus

nagnalib naniamreP √

24 sid 3/1 nalip 6 P itrepeS nalipmaneP(

)sidaG

akgna naniamreP √

34 lriG owT lliK ehS)leguT likiS(

nagnalib naniamreP √


09

44 32H ijaH( tel005aJ nid4)telep ogaj nidusmaS

akgna naniamreP

√

54 tuC kceN raE puoS)takeN ripoS(


iynub

√

64 kepaC gnay 051 aC)gnayog

akgna naniamreP √

74 )rubam ilhA( rub 5 hA akgna naniamreP √ 84 ayniboH( adnoH

)adnaJ nignorkgnoN nakednemep sesorP

minorka apureb √

94 neK( kcoR erA t’naC)korA

nagned gnisa kutneBiynub isaisosa

√

05 llA sU lliK ehT erA eB liked raib( kcuF emoC

)kapmok lasa

nagned gnisa kutneBiynub isaisosa

√

.2.4 naraS

nakukalid halet ini naitilenep malaD nakutnebmep sesorp ianegnem sisilana

sinej nad - .laugnil nautas nateselp sinej hisam nikay siluneP nanikgnumek kaynab

arac aynnakumetid - orp sisilanagnem kutnu arac nupuam nateselp nakutnebmep ses

sinej padahret isakifisalk nakukalem - hibel araces laugnil nautas nateselp sinej

.magareb helO parahreb silunep ,uti anerak reb naitilenep naka ayntuki tapad

.aynpakgnugnem P kitirk nad naras nakparahgnem silune nugnabmem gnay raga

naujamek haubes iapacret .


19

AKATSUP RATFAD

.3002 .nasaH ,iwlA aisenodnI asahaB ukaB asahaB ataT :atrakaJ . .aidemarG

gnaneweseK nad naheceleP“ .6991 .otnayreH leirA - asahabreB nagnanew :

nateselP eB naijaK malad D .”aisenodnI kitiloP nad asahabr malanagnapaL kitsiugniL :9 ABLLEP .suisinaK :atrakaygoY .

.omotparP .I ,idayraB malaD ”?asahaB iskurtsnokeD alajeG :nateselP“ .3002

naayadubeK haimlI lanruJ sisetniS .mlh ,3002 rebotkO ,1.oN ,1.loV ,73 - .15

“ .9991 .D.W irS anitsirhC soaK adap lautskeT sisilanA :nateselP asahaB

”.netalK namajakeP gnudaD .ispirkS umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF.atrakaruS ,teraM salebeS satisreevinU ,nakididneP

8002 .lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD . aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumaK .

atU akatsuP aidemarG :atrakaJ .am

naijaK :ajdkojD udagaD soaK adap nateselP anacaW sisilanA“ .6002 .itnawruP ”.kitamgarP .ispirkS ,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF

.atrakaruS ,teraM salebeS satisrevinU

.7891 .M ,nalmaR asahaB malad fitpirkseD nauajniT utauS :igolofroM .aisenodnI .onoyraK VC :atrakaygoY

”.aisenodnI asahaB malad nateselP asahaB anemoneF“ .3002 .treboR ,inarabiS

aD L takaraysaM haimlI lanruJ mal ,12 ek nuhaT ,aisenodnI kitsiugni352.mlh ,3002 sutsugA ,2 .oN - .862

.3991 .otnayraduS haB sisilanA kinkeT akenA nad edoteM asa :atrakaygoY .

tisrevinU ,anacaW atuD .sserP y

naniamreP malad furuH nad ,nagnaliB ,akgnA“ .3002 .aweD .I ,anajiW malaD ”.asahaB L takaraysaM haimlI lanruJ nuhaT ,aisenodnI kitsiugni

37 .mlh ,3002 iraurbeF ,1 .oN ,12 ek - .28


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