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Racism is the view that certain racial or ethnic groups are biologically inferior and that practices involving their domination and exploitation are therefore justified.
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s own group or culture
as an in-group that follows the best and the only proper way to live.
Competition Competitive situations can lead to prejudice and
discrimination. A split labor market is one in which there are two groups of
workers willing to do the same work, but for different wages.
Internal colonialism refers to when a subordinate group provides cheap labor that benefits the dominate group and is then further exploited by having to purchase expensive goods and services from the dominant group.
Once patterns of prejudice and discrimination become legitimated, they can then be transmitted to new members through the process of socialization.
Institutionalized Discrimination Institutionalized discrimination is the inequitable
treatment of a group resulting from practices or policies that are incorporated into social, political or economic institutions and that operate independently from the prejudices of individuals.
Authoritarian personality Authoritarian personality refers to a rigid
adherence to conventional lifestyles and values, admiration of power and toughness in interpersonal relationships, submission to authority, cynicism, an emphasis on obedience, and a fear of things that are different.
In 1994 genocide took pace in Rwanda when Hutus slaughtered hundreds of thousands of Tutsis.
Currently in the Darfur region of Sudan, the Sudanese government, using Arab janaweed militias, its air force, and organized starvation, is systematically killing the black Sudanese population.
A racial or ethnic group from one society dominates the racial or ethnic group(s) of another society. Examples: European invasion of North
America, British occupation of India
Puerto Rico is essentially a colony whose residents are U.S. citizens, but they cannot vote in presidential elections unless they move to the mainland.
Pluralism Refers to a state in which racial and ethnic
groups maintain their distinctness but respect each other and have equal access to social resources.
In Switzerland, four ethnic groups—French, Italians, Germans, and Swiss Germans—maintain their distinct cultural heritage and group identity in an atmosphere of mutual respect and social equality.
The process by which formerly separate groups merge and become integrated as one.
Secondary assimilation occurs when different groups become integrated in public areas and social institutions, such as neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and government.
Primary assimilation occurs when members of different groups are integrated in personal, associations, as with friends, family, and spouses.