ppt on Joint

JOINT

By-Mr. Ashok Bishnoi

Lecturer, JINR

A joint, also called articulation is a point of contact.

Arthrology:-It is the scientific study of joints.

Kinesiology:-It is the study of the motion of the human body.

Introduction:-

“It is the site at which any two or more bone articulated is called Joint”

Definition:-

1.Fibrous or fixed joints (Immovable)

2.Cartilaginous or Slightly moveable joints

3.Synovial or Freely moveable joints

Classification/Type:-

1.Fibrous or fixed joints (Immovable)

These joints are held together by tough tissue which develops during childhood.

Examples ,Cranium.

2.Cartilaginous or Slightly moveable joints

Here, movement is needed but only to a certain point e.g the vertebral column,

Symphysis pubis

3.Synovial or Freely moveable joints

These joints are allow movement to take place.

Synovial or Freely moveable joints:-

Synovial Joints:-

• This lubricates the joint, like oil in a working engine. It enables all parts of the joint to move against each other smoothly.

• This is inside the synovial (joint) capsule which holds the fluid in place.

• The synovial membrane lies inside the capsule where the fluid is produced.

Types of Synovial Joints:-

Freely Moveable (Synovial) joints can be divided into six groups depending upon the way they move.

Types:-1. Ball and

Socket Joint2. Hinge Joint3. Pivot Joint4. Gliding Joint5. Saddle Joint6. Condyloid

Joint

Characteristics of Synovial joint:-

Articular cartilage/Hyaline cartilage:-The part of bone are covered with cartilage

.It provides a smooth articular surface Capsule & capsular ligament. .The joint is surrounded & enclosed by a

sleeve of fibrous tissue which hold the bone together.

.It is sufficient loose to allow freedom of movement but strong enough to protect it from injury

Synovial membrane:- .This is composed of epithilial cell & is

found—Lining the capsule .Covering those part of the bone with in

the joint .Covering all intra-cpsular structure that

do not bear weight.

Synovial fluid:-This is the thick stiky fluid of egg-white consistency secrted by synovial membrane in to synovial cavity & its function are-

Function of S.F. Is:-

1) Provides nutrients for the structure with in the joint cavity.

2) Contain phagocytes which remove microbes

3) Act as a lubricant

4) Maintain joint stability.

1.Ball and Socket Joints

Is allows the greatest range of movement

In this type of joint, head of bone is fits into a socket of another bone.

Held together by ligaments and tendons

Eg. Shoulder and hip joints

Two main Ball and Socket Joints: Shoulder and hip joints

Ball and socket

Ball and Socket joint

2. Hinge Joints

Is allow flexion and extension with only a small amount of rotation.

Eg. Elbow,knee,ankle,finger,toes

Examples of Hinge Joints: Elbow and Knee Joints

3.Pivot Joint:- Is allow only rotation.

Eg. Proximal & distal radio ulner joint

4.Gliding Joints

In this joint the articular surface of bone it looks flat & move on the another bone in sliping movement.

Eg Sternoclavicular joint & Joint b/w carpal & tarsal bone

5.Saddle Joints:-

The saddle joints allow the movement of the joint forward and backwards, and right to left.

Eg. Wrist joint

6.Condyloid Joints:-

This is allows for movement in all directions, however full rotations.

Eg. Wrist joint, Metacarpophalangeal joint, Metatarsal phalangeal joint