Ppt Nervous

8/8/2019 Ppt Nervous

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CHAPTER II. A SUMMARY

THE BODY SYSTEMS


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NERVOUS SYSTEM


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The Nervous System

The Nervous System is complex network of interconnected nerve fibers. This is made up

of the Brain, the Spinal cord and the differentnerves that provide the transmission of impulses that is necessary for the movementof the body.


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The Components


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P eripheral Nervous System

This is made up of the somatic nervoussystem and the autonomic nervous system .

Somatic Nervous SystemAlso called the Voluntary Nervous Systemprovides the brain with feedbacks in the form of sensory information about involuntarymovement.

The Autonomic Nervous SystemInvoluntary Nervous System connects the

central nervous system with all the internal organsover which people has no customary control


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Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous SystemPrepares the body for responses for emergencies;strong emotions, such as anger or fear; or strenuousactivities.Responsible for the mobilization of energy andreaction to stress.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Controls the activities of the organs under normalcircumstances and acts as maintenance and restorerof equilibrium.Concerned with the conservation of energy of thebody.


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The Brain

It is best thought of as the Command Centerof the Body . It receives impulses from the

peripheral nerves and serves impulses toorgans to carry out such movements.


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The Hindbrain

Medulla OblongataLocated above the point where the spinal cord

enters the skull.Responsible for the regulation of heart rate, bloodpressure and respiration.Receives information about the blood pressure

and regulates dilation and constrictions of bloodvessels.


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The Hindbrain

PonsThe link between the hindbrain and the midbrain.

Helps control respirationCerebellum

Coordinates voluntary muscle movements,maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and themuscle tone and posture.


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The Midbrain

It is the major pathway for sensory and motorimpulses moving between the forebrain and thehindbrain. It is also responsible for thecoordination of visual and auditory reflexes.


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The Forebrain

ThalamusInvolved in the regulation of sensory stimuli and therelay of sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

HypothalamusHelps in the regulation of centers of the medulla thatcontrols the cardiac functioning, blood pressure andrespiration.It is also responsible for the regulation of water

balance in the body and regulating the appetites,including hunger and sexual desires.Cerebral Cortex

Largest portion of the brain.


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The Lobes

F rontal LobeContains the motor cortex, which coordinates voluntarymovements.

Parietal LobeContains the somatosensory cortex, in which sensations of touch, pain, temperature, and pressure are registered andinterpreted.

Temporal LobeContains cortical areas responsible for auditory andolfactory impulses.

Occipital LobeContains the visual cortex, which receives visual impulses.


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Basal Ganglia

F our round masses embedded deep in thecerebrum.Helps make muscle contractions orderly, smooth,and purposeful.


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The Limbic System

The Limbic system borders the midline of thebrain plays an important role in stress andemotional responses.

Amygdala & Hippocampus involed in the detectionof threat in emotionally charged memories.Cingluate Gyrus & Septum are related toemotional functioning of the body.

Anterior Thalamus is important for sociallyrelevant behaviors.


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NeurotransmittersThese are chemicals that help the nervous system withregards to its functioning.

CatecholaminesThese are substances that enter the

bloodstream and are being carried throughout thebody promoting sympathetic stimulation. Therelease of these substances prompts a variety of bodily changes, heart rate increase, and constriction

of blood vessels, respiration level, and digestion andurination levels.EpinephrineNorepinephrine


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D ISOR D ERS

NERVOUS SYSTEM


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EPI LEP SY

A disease of the central nervous system which isidiopathic (no specific cause).Symptomatic epilepsy may be traced duringbirth, may come from severe head injury,infectious disease or metabolic and nutritionaldisorders. It can also be inherited.Marked by seizures, chewing of the lips, lipsmacking, violent convulsions.There is no found cure for epilepsy. Usuallyattacks are controlled through medications andbehavioral interventions designed to managestress.


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CEREBRAL PA LSY

A chronic non progressive disorder marked bylack of muscle control.

Stems from brain damage caused by aninterruption of the brain s oxygen supply,usually during childbirth.Sufferers may have seizures, spasms, mentalretardation, difficulties of sensations andperceptions and problems with sight, hearingand speech.


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Reference

Taylor,S.E. (2006) Health Psychology. (2)16-41

Ppt Nervous

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