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1-2McGraw-Hill/Irwin copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, inc. All Rights Reserved

Leadership is Everyone’s Business

“Lives of great men all remind us we can make our lives sublime and, departing, leave behind us footprints on the sands of time.”

~ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

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The Purpose of This Book

• The purpose is to help develop effectiveness in leadership situations by better understanding the complex challenges involved.

• This book will serve as a guide for interpreting leadership theory and research.

• This book aims to provide practical advice on how to be a better leader.

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Three Leaders

• Charles de Gaulle– Former French President

• Peter Jackson– Film director, The Lord of the Rings

Trilogy

• Howard Schultz– Chairman and Chief Global Strategist

of Starbucks

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Various Definitions of Leadership

• The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner.

• Directing and coordinating the work of group members.

• An interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to, not because they have to.

• The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals.

• Actions that focus resources to create desirable opportunities.

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Various Definitions of Leadership (continued)

• The leader’s job is to create conditions for the team to be effective.

• The ends of leadership involve getting results through others, and the means of leadership involve the ability to build cohesive, goal-oriented teams. Good leaders are those who build teams to get results across a variety of situations.

• Leadership represents a complex form of social problem solving.

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Leadership is Both a Science and an Art

• Bass & Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications cites approximately 8,000 studies on leadership.

• Some managers may be effective leaders without ever having taken a course or training program in leadership.

• Some scholars in the field of leadership may be relatively poor leaders themselves.

• Leadership will always remain partly an art as well as a science.

““Any fool can keep a Any fool can keep a rule. God gave him rule. God gave him

a brain to know a brain to know when to break the when to break the

rule.”rule.”

~ General Willard ~ General Willard W. ScottW. Scott

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Leadership is Both Rational and Emotional

• Leadership includes actions and influences based on reason and logic as well as those based on inspiration and passion.

• Since people are both rational and emotional, leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals.

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Leadership is Both Rational and Emotional (continued)

• Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively, constructively or destructively.

• The mere presence of a group can cause people to act differently than when they are alone.

• Leaders need to consider both the rational and the emotional consequences of their actions.

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Leadership and Management

• Managers administer; leaders innovate.• Managers maintain; leaders develop.• Managers control; leaders inspire.• Managers have short-term view; leaders, a

long-term view.• Managers ask how and when; leaders ask what

and why.• Managers imitate; leaders originate.• Managers accept the status quo; leaders

challenge it.

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Leadership and Management

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Leadership and Followership

• Leadership is a social influence process shared among all members of a group.

• Relationship between leadership and followership can be represented by the Möbius strip.

• Although indistinguishable in organizations, leadership and followership are not the same thing.

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Leadership and Followership (continued)

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Leadership on Stages Large and Small

• Not all leaders are famous or powerful.• Most leaders are not known outside their

own particular sphere or activity, nor should they be.

• Every one of us has the opportunity to be a leader.

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Myth: Good Leadership is All Common Sense

• Most leadership literature only confirm what anyone with common sense already knows.

• However, common sense is an ambiguous term.

• One challenge of leadership is to know when common sense applies and when it does not.

• If leadership were nothing more than common sense, then problems in the workplace would be few, if any.

• Effective leadership must be something more than just common sense.

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Myth: Leaders are Born, not Made

• Innate factors as well as formative experience influence many sorts of behavior, including leadership.

• Research indicates that many cognitive abilities and personality traits are at least partially innate.

• Our basic natures may be fixed, but different environments can nurture or suppress different leadership qualities.

• Leaders are born and made.

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Myth: The Only School You Learn Leadership From is the School of Hard Knocks

• Formal study and learning from experience compliment each other.

• Analyze what kind of study will help students learn to discern critical lessons about leadership from their own experience.

• Being able to analyze your experiences from multiple perspectives may be the single greatest contribution a formal course in leadership can give you.

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An Overview of The Book

• Part I– Leadership is an interaction between

the leader, the followers, and the situation.

– Leadership develops through experience.

– Leadership can be assessed and studied.

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An Overview of The Book (continued)

• Part II– Uses the leader-follower-situation interaction

model as a framework for discussing various theories and findings.

– Focuses on the leader, and the issues of power and influence, ethics, values, and attitudes.

– Theories and research concerning the leader: how good and bad leaders differ in personality, intelligence, creativity and behavior.

– Charismatic leadership.

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• Part III– Focuses on followers.– Summarizes research.– Provides practical advice on topics

such as motivating subordinates and using delegation.

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• Part IV– Examines how the situation affects

the leadership process.

• Part V– Explores several specific leadership

skills, including practical advice about handling specific leadership challenges.

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Summary

• We define leadership as the process of understanding leadership situations and influencing others toward achieving group goals.

• Both education and experience are important for effective leaders.

• Leaders must weigh both rational and emotional considerations when attempting to influence others.

• Leadership is a whole-person process.• Leadership does not occur without followers.• Leadership is everyone’s business and

everyone’s responsibility.