Ppt 2

TAYLOR: GANTT GILBRETH FAYOL WEBER ELTON MAYO CHESTER BERNARD MASLOW HERZBERG LIKERT McGREGOR

Management is all about analyzing work in a scientific manner to identify one best way of doing a particular task & then ensuring that the task is done in identified way only.

It is knowing exactly what you want your men to do & seeing that they do it in best & cheapest way

PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MGMT1. Scientific job analysis2. Scientific selection & training of

personnels3. Management co-operation4. Functional supervising5. Standardization6. Financial incentives

He was a follower of Taylor (scientific mgmt)

CONTRIBUTIONS:1. Application of scientific analysis to attain

industrial efficiency2. GANTT CHARTS: graphical representations of

duration of tasks against progression of time, very useful for project managers

3. Focused on importance of motivational schemesby emphasising on rewards for good work rather than penalties for bad work

4. Developed pay incentive system with a guaranteed minimum wage & bonus system for people on fixed wages

5. Designed ‘task & bonus’ system of wage payment in 1901

6. Focused on development of leadership qualities & managerial skills in building an effective organistion

Emphasized on work methods His research was devoted to ‘motion study’ Gilbert’s approach to Motion study had

following elements:1. Diving work into most fundamental elements

possible2. Studying those elements possible3. Studying those elements in relation to one

another4. Developing time frames for studied elements5. Establishing methods of least waste

FAYOL: father of modern mgmt theory 14 principles of mgmt: Division of work Coupling of authority & responsibility Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interests to

general interests

Remuneration of personnel Centralisation Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative Esprit de corps

Known as ‘father of modern sociology’ He propounded following basic principles of

bureaucratic management that could lead to efficiency:

1. Clearly defined division of labor on the basis of functional efficiency

2. Institution of legal authority with written rules & procedures

3. A well defined hierarchy of authority to clearly spell out rights & duties of different persons

4. Organization should be managed by technically trained bureaucrats

5. Selection & promotion of personnel on the basis of technical competence

6. Clearly defined career paths & well laid out hierarchy

Leader in the field of industrial sociology Popular for Hawthornian studies HAWTHORNIAN STUDIES: The study took place in 1927 at Hawthorne

plant of Western Electric Company The problem was dissatisfaction of

employees & low productivity

The Hawthorne study demonstrated the important influence of human factors on worker productivity.

The study involved following major phases:1. Illumination experience2. HR interventions3. Extensive employee interviewing programme4. Bank wiring room study

He gave ‘the systems approach’ to mgmt

MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS:1. Concept of strategic planning2. Acceptance theory of authority3. Concept of org as a social system4. Functions of executives5. Motivation6. Vitality of leadership7. Organizational equilibrium

MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS

1. LIKERT SCALE

2. MANAGEMENT STYLESi. Exploitative-authoritativeii. Benevolent –authoritativeiii. Consultativeiv. Participative group system3. EFFECTIVE WORK GROUP

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH1. TAYLOR2. GANTT3. GILBBRETH FUNCTIONAL/ ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT1. HENRY FAYOL BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT1. MAX WEBER HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH1. ELTON MAYO2. MASLOW3. MC GREOR4. LIKERT5. HERZBERG

SYSTEMS THEORY1. CHESTER BERNARD