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PHASE - 1BASIC PNEUMATICSASIC PNEUMATICS
PHASE - 2BASIC ELECTRO - PNEUMATICS
PHASE - 3MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY
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Festo - A Historical Perspective1925
Festo founded in Esslingen,Germany by Mr. GottliebStoll to manufacture Wood-working machines
1957
Festo Pneumatic Automationcomponents and systemsolutions (pneumatic and
electronics)1965
Festo Didactic Learningsystems for automation
Festo Headquarters in Esslingen Berkheim
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Festo - An Independent Family Enterprise
Festo Automation Group,internationallyrepresented in over 176countries.
56 independent Festocompanies with over250 branch offices
Turnover of 1.5 BillionEuro, 55% Export.
Over 11.500 employees.
Over 300,000 customersin 176 countries.
Vocational and furthertraining, 1.5% ofpersonnel budget.
Cylinder production and Customer Service Centrein St. Ingbert
A Globally Active Organisation
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Festo Didactic Didactic - A Greek
word. Means learning.
Promotes the use ofautomation in industryby educating users onthe applications anduse of standardavailable products.
Festo Didactic has itsown product range.
Festo Didactic presentin over 75 countriesworldwide.
100 employees.
In India Festo Didactic- The training divisionof Festo Controls Pvt.Ltd.
Festo Didactic Headquarters in Esslingen- Denkendorf,near Stuttgart
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Automation in IndustryChoice of Working Media :
Pneumatics.
Hydraulics.
Electricity & Electronics.Combinations of the above.
Combinations of technologies offer synergy.
Has the capability of expanding the scope ofapplications tremendously.
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Pneumatics is the name given to the branch ofphysics which deals with the properties,
motions and behavior ofair
Introduction to Pneumatics
PNEUMA : means breath in Greek
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Energy medium selection criteria
Force exerted
Distance through which the force can beapplied
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Automation in IndustryMedia Selection Criteria :
Speed of Operation. Reliability.
Service Life.
Sensitivity to Environment.
Ease of Maintenance.
Available Expertise.
Training Requirements.
Availability
Transportability
Storability
Explosion proof nature
Cleanliness
Overload safety
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Compressed Air The 2nd Largest Energy SourceOriginates From The AtmosphereUsed in Every Industry
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Types of CompressorsReciprocating Piston Compressor.
Up to 6 bar in single stage or 15 bar intwo stage.
Sliding Vane Compressor.
Same construction as an air motor.
Screw Compressor.
Up to 10 bar.
High capacity.
Radial Flow Compressor.
Automobile applications.
Up to 10 bar with multi stage.
Axial Flow Compressor.
Aircraft & Automobile applications.
Up to 10 bar.
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Compressed air supply: Piston compressor
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Pressure Gauge
Pressure Relief Valve(Safety Valve)
Shut Off Valve
Inspection Panel
Water Drain
From Compressor
To SystemSafe Working PressureTest PressureIdentification
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AIRBORNECONTAMINATION
DIRTOIL
WATER
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Atmospheric Air Contains 140 Million Dirt Particles in Every m3
Unburnt Hydrocarbons (oil)
All Going Into the Air System !
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80%
Of This Contamination isBelow
2 MicronThe smallest size we can see with our eye is
45 microns !!!!
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WATER CONDENSATE
1 Cubic metre of Atmospheric Air at 100% RHcontains 17.32 gms of water vapour at 20oC
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ResultDirty Contaminated Air In the system
Causing Pipework Contamination &
DamageBlocking Valves and Machinery
PROBLEMs
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Water content in the air
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Water content in the air
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DRYERS:Refrigeration typeAdsorption typeMembrane type
FILTERS:Pre-filtersService units (FRC)Fine & micro filtersCarbon filters
The aim of proper compressed air preparation is toremovecontamination & moisture
The air generated from compressor should routethrough various filters & dryers to attain required
quality class
Air Preparation
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Requirement of Air PreparationWater Separation.
Water causes corrosion.
Washes away lubrication.
Filtration.
Dust is responsible for abrasion.
Reduces the effectiveness of lubricants.
Pressure Regulation.
Constant pressure is required for uniform performance ofpneumatic components.
Lubrication.
Lubrication is required to replace lubricant lost due to effects ofdust and water over prolonged periods.
Reduces internal friction in components.
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Cyclone FilterWater and particle isthrown to bowl viacentrifugal force.Air is up to 90% clean.
Sintered or surface Filter
5um or 40 umWork in series with acyclone filter. Contaminantslarger than the pore sizewill be trapped.
Fine or micro Filter1 um or 0.01 umLiquid impinge on thefibres forming larger
droplets (coalescing effect)and collected by the foammaterial shell.
Active carbon FilterAdsorb oil fumes andodours up to 0.003mg/m.Recommend to install0.01ummicro filter in series.
12
34
Filters are not Dryer
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Dry air outlet
Flux
Moist air inlet
Condensate
Condensate drain
Air drying: Absorption
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air drying, low temperature
Heat exchangerAir out
Air in
Refrigerating unit
Separator
Refrigerant
Refrigerating machine
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air drying: Adsorption
Moist air
Oil filter
Hot air Heater
Dry air
Adsorber2
Adsorber1
Shut-off valve
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Compressor
Air reservoir
Supply taken from top of ring main
Condensatecollector tank
1-2% gradient
Intermediate reservoir
Reservoir within a pneumatic system
Service unit
Compressed air supply: Delivery
Consumingdevices
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Compressed air filter
Inlet Outlet
Water Trap
Drain
Filter Element Baffles
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Filter pore sizes available 40m, 15m, 5m
Fine filter 1m
Micro filter 0.01m
Active carbon filter 0.003m
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
Valve Body
Inlet Outlet
Vent
Spring and
Adjusting screw
Pressure operation
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
4 Bar
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
4 Bar
6 Bar
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4 Bar
Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
4.5 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
6 Bar
4.5 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
4 Bar
6 Bar
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent
Used to set the pressure on the system downstream
Venting type also acts as pressure relief or limiting valve
Should be set to the pressure that is just sufficient to do the job(too high a setting
costs money)
Not to be adjusted to change speed or used as a shut off valve
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air lubricator
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air lubricator
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Pneumatics Festo Didactic
Air lubricator
Used to introduce droplets of oil in to the air flow. (Mostpneumatic equipment runs on oil free air)
Used for high or low speed applications
Once lubrication has been started, it must be continued
Adjustments should be made whilst checking the effect on the valve furthest from the lubricator.
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Service Unit - IncludesFilterPressure RegulatorLubricator
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Filter
Pressure Regulator
Lubricator
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Service Unit
Symbols for Power Supply Elements
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Symbols for Power Supply Elements
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ISO Air Quality Classes
ISO:8573-1 The New Standard
Covers The Removal of
Dirt Particulate
Water
Oil
ISO Specification Chart
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ISO Specification Chart
Class Particulate
Micron
Dewpointo
C
Max Oil Content
mg/m3
1 0,1 -70 0,01
2 1 -40 0,13 5 -20 1
4 15 +3 5
5 40 +7 256 --- +10 ----
7
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DEWPOINT The temperature below
which condensation willoccur.
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How Does it Work ?
You require Air Quality to:-
ISO 8573 : 1
Quality Class 1. 3. 2.
ISO Specification Chart
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ISO Specification Chart
Class ParticulateMicron
Dew ointDe rees C
Max Oil Contentmg/m3
1 0,1 -70 0,01
2 1 -40 0,13 5 -20 1
4 15 +3 5
5 40 +7 256 --- +10 ----
7
Quality Class 1. 3. 2.
From The Chart You Can See
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From The Chart You Can See
You Need
Particulate Removal - 1
0.1 micron
Dewpoint requirement - 3 -20
oC
Max Remaining Oil Content - 2
0.1 mg/m3
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Advantages of
Compressed Air
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Transport Air can be easily transported in
pipelines, even over large distances
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StorageA compressor need not be in
continuous operation.
Compressed air can be stored in a reservoirand removed as required.
The reservoir can be transportable.
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TemperatureCompressed air is relatively
insensitive to temperature
fluctuations.
This ensures reliable operation,
even under extreme conditions.
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Explosion ProofThere is minimal risk of
explosion or fire.
No expensive protection against
explosion is required.
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CleanlinessUnlubricated exhaust air is clean.
Any unlubricated air does not
cause contamination.
Useful in food, wood and textile
industries.
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ComponentsOperating components are of simple
construction and therefore relatively
inexpensive.
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SpeedCompressed air is a very fast
working medium.
High working speeds can be
obtained.
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AdjustableWith compressed air components
speeds and forces are infinitelyvariable.
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Overload safePneumatic tools and operating
components can be loaded to the
point of stopping and thereforeoverload safe.
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Disadvantages ofcompressed air
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PreparationCompressed air requires good
preparation.
Dirt and condensate should not
be present.
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CompressibleIt is not always possible to achieve
uniform and constant piston speeds
with compressed air.
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Force requirementCompressed air is economical only up
to a certain force requirement.
At 6-7 bar, and dependent on the
travel and speed, the output
limit is between 20000 and
30000 Newtons.
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Noise levelThe exhaust air is loud.
The problem is largely solved
with silencers.
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CostsCompressed air is a relatively
expensive means of conveying
power.
The high energy costs are
partially compensated by
inexpensive components and
higher performance.
Compressed Air as a
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Working MediumAdvantages: Air is available everywhere
Compressed air is easily conveyed in pipelines over largedistances
Compressed air need not be returned
Compressed air is insensitive to temperature fluctuations
Compressed air is explosion proof
Compressed air is clean
Compressed air is fast Compressed Air as a
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Working MediumDisadvantages: Straight line movement can be produced directly.
Compressed air is a relatively expensive means ofconveying energy
Compressed air requires good conditioning
It is only economical up to a certain forceexpenditure.
Air is compressible. Exhaust air is loud (reduced byusing silencers).
The oil mist mixed with air for lubricating purposesexhaust or escapes to the atmosphere
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PRESSURE is set to provide the FORCE using the formula.
Pressure = Force (load on cylinder)
Piston area
Usually 10% is added on to account for frictional resistance.
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Cylinder is selected to give :-
Length of stroke
Force
Using the formula Force = Pressure x Area of Piston
Force Calculations
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Cylinder Force Calculations [171] :
Force is proportionate to . . . .
Air Pressure.
Area of the piston.
Effective force is reduced due to internal friction.
Force produced by a double acting cylinder in
either direction is always more than that of asingle acting cylinder of the same dimensions.
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Air Distribution Considerations :Flow Rate.
Distance of transmission.
Permissible pressure loss.
Minimum operating pressure.
Number of air take off points.
Air Leakage and its Effects
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Typical Sources of Air Leakage :
Metal pipe joints and flanges. Connectors & fittings.
Cracked tubes.
Loosened components.
Defective gaskets or O rings.Effects of Air Leakages : Increased power consumption of compressor.
Drop of pressure in long pipelines. Hence drop inperformance of equipment.
Pressure fluctuations.
Additional costs incurred to counter its effects.
Drawing Functional Block Diagrams
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FC
5/2 Way
QE
LS1 Timer
LS1 LS2
PB LS2
Block diagrams are more
easily understood by alayman. No knowledge of
symbols is necessary.
They are faster and easierto draw.
Corrections are also easierto make.
A block diagram can be
easily converted into acircuit diagram.
Individual blocks in adiagram may represent asingle item, or multipleitems, performing a certain
function.
Correct Method of Drawing Circuits
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Energy supply
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gy y Compressor with fixed capacity
Air receiver and T junction
Air service equipment
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Air service equipment
Air filter
Air lubricator
Pressure regulator
Air service equipment
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Air service equipment
Air service unit
filter
Regulator
Gauge Lubricator
Simplified air Service unit
Port Numbering and Lettering System
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Number Letter
1 P Reserved for Pressure Source.
3, 5 (R)S, R Reserved for exhaust ports.
2, 4 (A)B, A Reserved for working ports.
10 Y Port 1 closed.
12 Y, Z Port 1 connects to port 2.
14 Z Port 1 connects to port 4.
As a general rule Odd numbers are at thebottom and Even numbers on the top.
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Method of
Return
Spring
Method of
Operation
Push
Button
(Number of Boxes)
2Number of Control positions
Number of Ports 3
Valve Description
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Method of
Return
Spring
Method of
Operation
Push
Button
(Number of Boxes)
2Number of Controlpositions
Number of Ports 3
Normally closed
or Normally open
Flow path blocked
when valve is at rest
Flow path open when
valve is at rest
Normally
Closed
Valve Description
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3 / 2 way valve
Push Button operated
Spring ReturnNormally closed
Valve Description
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PortsControl PositionsOperated
Neutral Position
53
Double PilotSpring CentredClosed(Closed centre)
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PortsControl Positions
Operated
42
Double Pilot
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PortsControl Positions
OperatedReturn
Normally
32
RollerSpring
Open
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PortsControl Positions
Operated
Neutral Position
33
Lever / DetentClosed(Closed centre)
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PortsControl Positions
OperatedReturn
22
LeverSpring
Closedormally
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PortsControl Positions
OperatedReturn
52
Foot PedalSpring
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PortsControl Positions
Operated
52
Differential Pilot
14 12
Priority to port 14
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PortsControl Positions
OperatedReturn
Normally
32
Roller with idle returnSpring
Closed
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1
2
Pilot Operated Non Return Valve
21
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Check valve
Spring loaded check valve
Shuttle valve: or function
Non Return Valve
Non Return Valve
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Two pressure valve: AND function
Quick exhaust valve
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Flow control valve adjustable
One-way flow control valve
Flow Control valve
Pressure Valve
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Adjustable pressure regulating valve,
non-relieving type
Adjustable pressure regulating valve,
relieving type (overloads are vented)
Pressure Valve
Auxiliary symbols
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y y
Exhaust port
Exhaust port with threaded
connection
Silencer
Line connection
Auxiliary symbols
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y y
Crossing lines (not connected)
Pressure gauge
Visual indicator
Structure of pneumatic control
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Elements in a Pneumatic System
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Hierarchy of Elements
Flow Control ValveQuick Exhaust Valve
Direction Control Valve[Power Valve]
Service UnitPressure Regulator
Main Air Supply
Flow Control ValveQuick Exhaust Valve
High Pressure,High FlowRate Zone> 4 Bar
Low Pressure,Low FlowRate Zone< 4 Bar
PneumaticActuation
PneumaticActuation
Low Pressure,Low FlowRate Zone< 4 Bar
Direction Control ValvesPressure Sequence ValvesPneumatic TimersDual Pressure [AND] ValvesShuttle [OR] ValvesLimit SwitchesPush Buttons
Direction Control ValvesPressure Sequence ValvesPneumatic TimersDual Pressure [AND] ValvesShuttle [OR] ValvesLimit SwitchesPush Buttons
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ActuatorsAn actuator is an output device for theconversion of supply energy into usefulwork. They can be described Into twogroups.
Linear Motion
Single Acting Cylinders
Double Acting Cylinders
Rotary Motion Air Motor
Rotary Actuator
Linear Actuator
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Single acting cylinder
Double acting cylinder
Double acting cylinder with
double ended piston rod
Rodless cylinder
Linear Actuator
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Double-acting cylinder with non-
adjustable cushioning in one direction
Double-acting cylinder with single
adjustable cushioning
Double-acting cylinder with adjustable
cushioning at both ends
Rotary Actuators
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Air motor, rotation in one
direction, fixed capacity
Air motor, rotation in one
direction, variable capacity
Air motor, rotation in both
directions, variable capacity
Rotary actuator, limited travel,
rotation in both directions
Actuators Operation
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p
An Actuator Can be Controlled by the
Following Methods:
Pneumatic Hydraulic
Electrical
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Linear motion
Single Acting Cylinders
Double Acting Cylinders
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Rotary motion Rotary actuators - single and double
acting
Pneumatic motor - continuous motion
Single acting cylinders
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.
Single acting cylinders
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.
Single acting cylinders
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.
Single acting cylinders
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.
Single acting cylinders
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g g y
Single acting cylinders
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g g y
Single acting cylinders
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g g y
Single acting cylinders
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g g y
Double acting cylinders
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g y
Double acting cylinders
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g y
Double acting cylinders
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g y
Double acting cylinders
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g y
Piston Rod
ConnectionsBase end Rod end
Seals
Bearing
Double rod double actingcylinders
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cylinders
Rodless cylinder Magneticallycoupled
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coupled
Rodless cylinder - magneticallycoupled
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coupled
Cylinder Barrel
End Caps
with cushioning
adjustment
Piston assembly
MagnetsBearings Seals
Cushioning
Pistons
Magnets, Bearings, Seals, Cushioning Pistons
Yoke assembly
MagnetsBearingsWipers
Magnets, Bearings, Wipers
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Rodless cylinder magneticallycoupled
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coupled
Rodless cylinder magneticallycoupled
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coupled
Rodless cylinder magneticallycoupled
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coupled
Rodless cylinder mechanicallycoupled
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coupled
Rodless cylinder mechanicallycoupled
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coupled
Double acting cylinders withcushioning
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cushioning
Double acting cylinders withcushioning
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cushioning
Double acting cylinders withcushioning
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cushioning
Double acting cylinders withcushioning
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cushioning
Double acting cylinders withcushioning
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cushioning
Direct & Indirect Cylinder Actuation
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Problem
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35
4 2
1
14
To produce a circuit that will operate
the cylinder from either of the 2 push
buttons.
?
Problem
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35
4 2
1
14
To produce a circuit that will operate
the cylinder from either of the 2 push
buttons.
Problem
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35
4 2
1
14Shuttle Valve
To produce a circuit that will operate
the cylinder from either of the 2 push
buttons.
Textbook page 207
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Speed Control
What factors will affect Load on Cylinder
Size of Cylinder
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the speed of movement of
the cylinder?
Load on Cylinder
Valve size
Pipe size
Pipe Length
Spring ForceExhaust Air
Flow Rate
If we want to be able to
adjust the speed of the
cylinder, which of these
variables do we control
or adjust?
Pressure
Basic Principles of Flow ControlSome important points about flow control :
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Some important points about flow control :
The speed of a cylinder depends upon the rate offlow of air entering or leaving the cylinder.
Slowing down the rate of flow of air entering orleaving a cylinder, slows down cylinder speed.
Air that is entering the cylinder is known as Supplyair, or Inlet air.
Air that is leaving a cylinder is known asExhaustair.
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Internal Construction of Valves
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Internal Construction of Valves Throttles air flow in only
one direction No control
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one direction. No controlof air flow in reversedirection.
Reduces the speed ofthe cylinder in only onedirection. Hence two
valves are required tocontrol cylinder speed inboth directions.
The ball and arrow in the
symbol shows directionof throttling.
Offers better flexibility inspeed control. D94
F d M i
Basic Principles of Flow Control
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Forward Motion
Air Pressure
1
2
3
Forward speed in a SingleActing Cylinder can becontrolled by throttling . . .
Inlet (Supply) airentering
the cylinder.
Inlet
(Supply)Air
Basic Principles of Flow Control
R M i
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Reverse speed in a SingleActing Cylinder can becontrolled by throttling . . .
Exhaust airleaving the
cylinder.
Exhaust
Air
Air Pressure
1
2
3
Reverse Motion
Basic Principles of Flow ControlControlling speed inboth directions with Air entering the cylinder is throttled, whileair leaving the cylinder flows at full speed.
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1
4 2
Inlet Flow Control(meter IN) Forward speed of the cylinder is controlled
by the valve on the rear side of the cylinder.
Reverse speed is controlled by the valve onthe front side of the cylinder.
Produces very jerky movement when usedwith a constant load. The load moves onlyafter sufficient pressure is built up insidethe cylinder. The delay in cylindermovement may be very substantial withlarge loads.
Generally used only in certain clampingapplications where theclamping force mustbe increased gradually.
Basic Principles of Flow Control Air leaving the cylinder is throttled, while air
entering the cylinder flows at full speed
Controlling speed in
both directions with
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entering the cylinder flows at full speed.
Forward speed of the cylinder is controlledby the valve on the front side of the cylinder.
Reverse speed is controlled by the valve onthe rear side of the cylinder.
Cylinder moves more smoothly as pressureinside the cylinder builds up quickly andremains constant throughout.
Better suited to applications where there is aconstant load on the cylinder. Most
commonly used and preferred method offlow control.
1
4 2
Exhaust Flow Control(meter OUT)
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Flow Control Valve
Adjustable
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Flow Control Valve
Adjustable
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One way flow control valve
Flow control
needle.
Adjusting screw
Non return valve
Restricted flow Unrestricted flow
Locknut
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One way flow control valve
Restricted flow
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One way flow control valve
Unrestricted flow
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4 2
1
Controlling the flow of air in to a
double acting cylinder can result in
erratic jerky movement.
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35
4 2
1
To overcome this ? The flow control valve is used tocontrol the air pushed out of the
cylinder
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35
4 2
1
The flow control valve is used to
control the air pushed out of the
cylinder
Result:-
Smoother movement More
consistent control Control of
tractive loads
Flow control valves can be positioned
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In - line
Exhaust Port on control
valve
In to the Cylinder port
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Valve Construction
n erna ons ruc on o a ves(Poppet valve)
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Ports are open & close by sealing elements such as Ball,Disc,etc... Actuation force is against the energy flow.Hence, higher actuating force is required. Simple,Cheaper, In-sensitive to dust Reset by compressed air is not possible only spring reset D43
n erna ons ruc on o a ves pooValve)
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Ports are open & close by sealing elements such as Spool or SlideActuation force is lateral to energy flow.Hence, less actuating force is required.Complex, Costly, Sensitive to dustReset by compressed air is possible
Poppet Valves
3
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Good sealing
Good tolerance to dirt
Spool Valves
High flow rates
Low operating forces
1
2
3
2
1
2Valve Construction
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1 3
Supply 1
Outlet 2
Exhaust 3
Return
Spring
Spool
3 / 2 way valve, slide (spool)
2Valve Construction
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1 3
1
2
3
3 / 2 way valve, slide (spool)
2Valve Construction
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1
2
3
1 3
3 / 2 way valve, slide (spool)
2Valve Construction
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1
2
3
3 / 2 way valve, slide (spool)
1 3
2Valve Construction
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1
2
3
3 / 2 way valve, slide (spool)
1 3
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Directional Control Valve
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4/2 Way
Directional Control Valve
14 12
4 2
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12 5
4
1
2
3 14
35
1
14 12
4 2
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12 5
4
1
2
3 14
35
1
14 12
4 2
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12 5
4
1
2
3 14
35
1
14 12
4 2
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12 5
4
1
2
3 14
35
1
14 12
4 2
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12 5
4
1
2
3 14
35
1
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14
35
12
4 2
1
Double pilot valve - Bi-stable valve Signal in to pilot
port switches valve. Remove signal - valve stays in
position
14
35
4 2
1
Single pilot valve - Mono stable valve Signal in to
pilot port switches valve. Remove signal - valve re-sets.
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5/2 way
Double pilot valves
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Multi position Valves
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35
4 2
15/3 Directional Control Valve.
Closed centre position
14 12
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Closed centre
Working Lines vented
Working lines pressurised
14 12
14 12
14 12
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Logic Valves
Problem
To produce a circuit that will operate
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35
4 2
1
14
To produce a circuit that will operate
the cylinder from either of the 2 pushbuttons.
?
Problem
To produce a circuit that will operate
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35
4 2
1
14
To produce a circuit that will operate
the cylinder from either of the 2 pushbuttons.
Problem
To produce a circuit that will operate
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35
4 2
1
14Shuttle Valve
To produce a circuit that will operate
the cylinder from either of the 2 pushbuttons.
Textbook page 207
A 2
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The Shuttle Valve X Y
12 14
Input toX ORYgives output at A
Also referred to as the OR valve and sometimes represented by the symbol -
1Textbook page 207
A A
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X Y
X Y
Single unit
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Multiple valve
3 units in one
A 2
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The 2 Pressure Valve X Y
12 14
Input toXANDYgives output at A
Also referred to as the AND valve and sometimes represented by the symbol -
&
AUnder what
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X Y
conditions will aircome out through
port A
AUnder what
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X Y
conditions will aircome out through
port A
AUnder what
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X Y
conditions will aircome out through
port A
AUnder what
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X Y
conditions will aircome out through
port A
AX
A
YUnder what
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X Y
conditions will aircome out through
port A
Two Pressure Valve
AND Valve
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4 2
1
14
X
A
Y
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35
4 2
1
14
X
A
Y
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X
A
Y
35
4 2
1
14
How can we achieve the
AND condition without
using the 2 Pressure valve?
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35
4 2
1
14
using the 2 Pressure valve?
How can we achieve the
AND condition without
using the 2 Pressure valve?
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35
4 2
1
14
using the 2 Pressure valve?
2 valves in series
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Single Unit
Multi-Block
3 valves in one
Summary
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Where 2 or more signals need to be combined such thatEITHER gives an output - Shuttle Valve
OR Valve
Where 2 or more signals need to be combined
such that THEY ALL have to be in place to give
an output - 2 Pressure Valve
AND Valve
&
Series connection
1
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
A
PR
A
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Quick exhaust valve
P
R
Textbook page 209
PR
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Quick exhaust valve
To achieve maximum speed the
exhaust air must be directed to
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35
4 2
1
exhaust air must be directed to
atmosphere via the shortest route.
To do this we use ?
The Quick exhaust valve
To achieve maximum speed the
exhaust air must be directed to
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35
4 2
1
exhaust air must be directed to
atmosphere via the shortest route.
To do this we use ?
The Quick exhaust valve
To achieve maximum speed the
exhaust air must be directed to
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35
4 2
1
exhaust air must be directed to
atmosphere via the shortest route.
To do this we use ?
The Quick exhaust valve
To achieve maximum speed the
exhaust air must be directed to
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35
4 2
1
exhaust air must be directed to
atmosphere via the shortest route.
To do this we use ?
The Quick exhaust valve
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35
4 2
1
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35
4 2
1
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35
4 2
1
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35
4 2
1
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35
4 2
1
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35
4 2
1
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Timer Valves
122
Pilot Operation
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3
2
1
12
1 3
Flow Control
Non Return
Reservoir
3/2 way valve
Normally Closed
SpringReturn
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 0
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 1
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 2
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 3
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 4
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 5
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 5
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 0
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
122
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3
2
1
12
1 3
0 0 : 0 0
Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook
0 0 : 0 02
Normally Closed Timer
Time delay valve
I 12
0 0 : 0 1
0 0 : 0 2
0 0 : 0 3
0 0 : 0 4
0 0 : 0 5
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12
1 3
Input to port 12
Range of adjustment is dependant on reservoir size. Additional
capacity of 10cc gives increase of 5 second adjustment
Time delay (adjustable)
Output from port 2
Vent port 12
Valve resets
Normally Closed Timer
Time delay valve2
Normally Open Timer
Output from port 2
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12
1 3
Input to port 10
Time delay (adjustable)
Output from port 2 is shut off
Vent port 10
Valve resets
10
Output from port 2
2
Normally Open Timer
An alternative use for this is made by
i i i diff t
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10
1 3
piping up in a different way
2
Normally Open Timer
An alternative use for this is made by
i i i diff t
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10
1 3
Input to port 10 and port 1
Output from port 2
Output from port 2 is shut off
Vent port 10
Valve resets
piping up in a different way
Time delay (adjustable)
One Shot Valve
Summary
Normally closed timer or Time
D l V l
2
12
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Delay Valve
2
10
1 3
Normally open timer
1 3
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2
10
1 3
Normally open timer
Piped as a One Shot Valve to
overcome trapped or continuous
signals.