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NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL-SEMINAR
PRESENTATION ON PPE
PersonalProtective
EquipmentBY
G.JEEVANANDAM24/09/2004
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WHAT IS PPE?
SECOND LINE OF DEFENCE FORPROTECTION
FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE IS
ELIMINATION OF HAZARDS THROUGHENGG.CONTROL
PPE DOES NOT ELIMINATE HAZRDS
CAN REDUCE THE SEVERITYBYACTING AS BARRIER BETWEENHAZARD & WORKER
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DEFINITION
PPE may be defined as anequipment to be worn orheld by the worker toprotect against hazardslikely to endanger his/herhealth and safety atworkplace
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SELECTION CRITERIA FOR PPE
Nature of work
Nature of hazard
Effects due to exposure to the hazards
Threshold limit value
Part of Body Involved
Relevant standard
Duration of ExposureAnnual requirement
Life of equipment
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CLASSIFICATION OF PPE
NON RESPIRATORY & RESPIRATORY
TYPES OF NON RESPIRATORY
HEAD PROTECTION
EYE PROTECTIONFACE PROTECTION
EAR PROTECTION
HAND PROTECTION
BODY PROTECTION
LEG/FOOT PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION
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Head Protection
HEAD HOUSES THE BRAIN
HELMETS OFFERS THE PROTECTION
HELMET COMPRISING OF OUTER SHELL, INNERCRADLE, CHIN/NAPE STARAP & INTEGRAL PEAK
CONFIRMS IS 2925-1984
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION MAY BEPVC, FRP,HDPE, ALUMINIUM ETC.,
WITHSTAND THE IMPACT OF A PLUMB BALL TESTTHE SHELL MUST BE PROVIDED WITHVENTIALTION HOLES
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SELECTION OF HEAD PROTECTION
TYPE MATERIAL PROTECTION AGAINST
Safety
Helmet
Alu.alloy,PVC,
FRP &HDPE
Falling Object&Hit againstobstructions
Elecl.Helmet
Nonconduct./PVC
Electric shock
Welders
Cap
Leather withcloth lining
Falling welding spatters
Crash
Helmet
Fibre/plastic
material
Skull Injuries in road
accidents
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EYE
PROTECTIONEyes are our windows to the world
Direct and Instant communication that
the Body has with environment.
If eyesight is lost everything lost
Eyes are precious vital part of our Body
If we neglect them ,it may causeirreversible damage
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TYPES OF HAZARDS
HAZARDS OPERATIONS
Mechanical Grinding,chipping,cutting,dust, chips,sparks etc.,
Chemical Splashing and fumes
Thermal Heat radiation and Glare
Radiation UV and Infrared from welding
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EYE PROTECTORS
TYPE PROTECTION AGAINST
Spectacle typeGoggles
Flying Bodies(Dust Metal chipsetc.,)
Panorama goggle Oil and paint splashes,dust and chipexposure
Leather-MaskGoggle
Smoke, Dust, foreign Bodies
Chemical Goggles Chemicals and toxic dusts
Gas-tightGogglesIrritating fumes,vapors and gases
Welding Goggles Gas welding/cutting , flames andsparks
Welding shields Arc welding/cutting and sparks
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EYE PROTECTORS
MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
SHATTER PROOFCLEAR AND TRANSPARENT
FREE FROM OPTICAL DEFECTS
LESS FOGGY
SCRATCH RESISTANT
GOOD VENTILATION
WITH SIDE PROTECTION
GOOD FACE FIT
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LENSES FOR EYE PROTECTORS
SHOULD WITHSTAND
Impact of 22mm steel ball weighingapproximately 44g when freely droppedfrom a height of 1.25 Meter
Temperature of 55oC for 30 minutes
Ultraviolet radiation for 100 hours from ahigh pressure Oxenon lamp located at adistance of 300mm
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CLEANING AND DISINFECTING
CHECKLIST
CLEAN WITH SOAP AND WARM WATER TOREMOVE OIL OR GREASE
KEEP IN HOT WATER FOR 5 MINUTES,OREXOPOSE TO STEAM FOR 5 MINUTES
EXPOSE TO FORMALDEHYDE VAPOURS, ORIMMERSE FOR 5 MINUTES IN
FORMALIN (1 PART OF 40% FORMALDEHYDESOLUTION AND 9 PARTS OF WATER) OR
SOLUTION OF 1 PART OF SODIUMHYPOCHLORIDE IN 10 PARTS OF WARM WATER
RINSE IN COLD WATER AND DRY IN CLEANAREA
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PRECAUTIONS
Solvents (Petrol, thinners etc., ) shouldnot be used for cleaning
Avoid very high temperature of water
Manufacturers instructions should befollowed wherever they are available
Place cleaned goggles in a plastic bag or asuitable container with a tag indicating
the date of cleaning and disinfecting
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HEARING (EAR) PROTECTION
Hearing is one of lifes most precious gifts
A child with defective hearing may havesevere difficulty in learning to speak
Too much noise can damage hearing
temporarily or even permanentlyNoise can affect ones physical and mentalwell being and cause accidents in workplace
Hearing conservation is protecting your ear(hearing) from potentially damaging levelsof sound
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EFFECTS OF NOISE
Psychological - Can Startle, Annoy, AndDisrupt Concentration, Sleep, OrRelaxation
Interference With Communication,Resulting In Interference With JobPerformance And Safety
Physiological - Noise Induced HearingLoss, Aural Pain, Or Even Nausea
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DEFINITIONS
Sound Pressure - Level Of Sound WaveEnergy Measured In Decibels
Sound - Pressure Variations In The AirThat Can Be Detected By The Ear
Noise - Sound That Provides NoInformation; Unwanted Sound
Attenuation - Process Of ReducingSound To Acceptable Levels
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SOUND PRESSURE
MEASUREMENTSHertz (Hz)- Measurement Of SoundFrequencies Per Second
Decibel (dB) - Logarithmic Scale ForSound Volume Measurement
Normal Hearing Range For Human Ear
Is Between 20 And 20,000 Hz
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SOUND PRESSURE LIMITS
Normal Hearing - 25 dBA At 500 To2,000 Hz.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - An 8-
Hour Exposure To 90 dBA Of Sound
5 dBA Doubling Rate - Each IncreaseIn dBA By 5 Reduces The PEL By Half
erm ss e xposure eve s o
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erm ss e xposure eve s oContinuous Noise
TOTAL TIME OF EXPOSURE
PERDAY IN HOURS
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLESOUND LEVEL IN dB(A)
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1.5 102
1 105
0.75 107
0.5 110
0.25 115
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Permissible exposure levels of
Impulsive or Impact Noise
Peak Sound Pressure
Level in dB
Permitted no. of impulsesor impacts per day
140 100
135 315130 1000
125 3160
120 10000
No Exposure in excessof 115 dB(A) is to bepermitted in case of
Continuous Noise
No exposure in excessof 140 dB peak sound
pressure level ispermitted
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OCCUPATIONAL NOISE
EXPOSURE LIMITS115 dBA Is Maximum Level WithoutPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)
140 dBA Is Maximum Impulse OrImpact Level
Monitoring Program Must Be Started If
A Time-Weighted-Average Of 85 dBAOver An 8-Hour Period Is Exceeded
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FACTORS AFFECTING
HEARING LOSSNoise Intensity Or Sound Pressure
Frequency Or Pitch
Length Of Daily Exposure
Duration Of Exposure In Years
Individual Susceptibility
Other Factors (Disease, Genetics,Lifestyle, Age, Etc.)
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HEARING PROTECTION
DEVICESEar Plugs - Premolded Rubber
Ear Plugs - Foam Rubber
Ear Plugs - Custom Molded
Ear Muffs
Canal Caps
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Hand Protection
HAND PROTECTION
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HAND PROTECTION
Hands are the two busiest , most important,indispensable and invaluable and vulnerabletools the human body has.
Hands and Fingers are a set of amazingly
dexterous tools with the strength to grasp,grip, lift, push , pull, squeeze, twist and holdthings
Sensitive to touch, response to pressure,temperature and pain
Have the flexibility and co ordination toperform highly complicated and intricate jobs
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INJURIES RELATED TO HANDSAbsorption Of Hazardous Substances
Potential Cuts Or Lacerations
Severe Abrasions
Possible Skin Punctures
Potential Chemical Burns
Potential Thermal Burns
Harmful Temperatures
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Diseases related to
HandsDermatitis
Carpel Tunnel SyndromeReynauds Syndrome
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Selection of Hand
ProtectionTask Being Performed
Environmental Conditions Present
Expected Duration Of Exposure
Actual Or Potential Hazards Identified
PPE Required To Be Used
Employees Safety Attitude
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HAND PROTECTORSTYPE PROTECTION
AGAINST
LEATHER GLOVES CUTS/BRUISES/ABRASIONS/LACERATIONS
ALUMINISED FABRICGLOVES
FLAMES, INTENSE HEATRADIATION,BURN INJURY
ASBESTOS GLOVES - DO -
ACID ALKALI PROOOFGLOVES (RUBBER,NEOPRENE OR PVC
CORROSSIVE CHEMICALS
(ORGANIC ACID ORPETROLEUM PRODUCTS)
HAND PROTECTORS
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HAND PROTECTORS
TYPE PROTECTS AGAINSTLEAD LINE GLOVES
(RUBBER
LEATHER OR PLASTIC)
IONISING RADIATION (XRAY, GAMMA RAYS ETC.,)
CANVAS GLOVES GREASE, OIL, DUST ANDDIRT TO PREVENT SLIP
ELECTRICAL GLOVES(INSULATED RUBBER WITH
DIELCTRIC STRENGTH
ELCTRICAL SHOCK (TESTEDUPTO 4000V)/INSULATION
VALUE
BARRIER CREAM CONTACT DERMATITISFROM
SOLVENTS,LUBRICANTSAND OTHER OILS.
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MAINTENANCE OF GLOVESKEEP THE GLOVES IN PROPER STORAAGE
RUBBER/PVC GLOVES MUST BE WASHED INSOAP SOLUTION AND WATER AND DRIED INAIR
USE DUSTING POWDER LIKE CHALK POWDERTO PREVENT STICKY OR TACKINESS
INSPECT AND TEST GLOVES FOR LEAKS ETC.,EVERYDAY BEFORE USE
RUBBER AND PLASTIC GLOVES MUST BEPROTECTED FROM HEAT/ SUN LIGHT
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FOOT PROTECTION
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Who Needs Foot PPE ?
For protection of feet from falling orrolling objects, sharp objects, contactwith hazardous, corrosive , toxicchemicals,electricity, transmission of
vibration, molten metal, hot surfaces,and wet slippery surfaces workersshould use appropriate safety shoes, or
boots.
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Causes of Foot Problems ?Foot Problems:
Sweaty feet,
fungal infections(Athletes Foot)
Common Causes:
Hot and humid
environment,strenuous work,footwear with
synthetic (non-
porous) uppers
How Does t e Wor ng
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How Does t e Wor ngPosition Contribute to the
Foot Problem ?Since the human foot is designed formobility, maintaining an upright stance
is extremely tiring.Continuos standing can cause the jointsof the feet to become mis-aligned (flat
feet) and cause inflammation that canlater lead to rheumatism and arthritis.
The Human Foot
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The Human Foot
Tibia
Cuboid
Calcaneus
Talus
Metatarsals Phalanges
Soleus
Abductor hallucis and
flexor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor digitorum longus and
peronaeus tertiusTendon from
gastrocnemius
Tendon from
peronaeus longus
(extends under foot
to base of 1stmetatarsal)
Peronaeus brevis
How Does t e Foot Wear
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How Does t e Foot WearContribute to the Foot
Problems?Foot wear that fits poorly or is in ofrepair contributes heavily to foot
discomfort
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Specific Examples of
Workplace Foot InjuriesINJURIES:
Crushed orbroken feet,amputation oftoes or feet
Punctures of thesole of the foot
COMMON CAUSES:
Feet trappedbetween objects or
caught in a crack,falls of heavyobjects, movingvehicles (lift trucks)
Loose nails, sharpmetal or glassobjects
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Specific Examples of
Workplace Foot InjuresINJURIES:
Cuts or severed
feet or toes
Lacerations
Electric shocks
COMMON CAUSES:
Chain saws, rotarymowers
Unguardedmachinery
Static electricity,contact with sourcesof electricity
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Specific Examples of
Workplace Foot InjuriesINJURIES:
Burns
COMMON CAUSES:
Molten metalsplashes,chemicalsplashes, contactwith fire,flammable orexplosiveatmospheres
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Specific Examples of
Workplace Foot InjuriesINJURIES:
Sprained ortwisted ankles,fractured orbroken bones
because of slips,trips, or falls
COMMON CAUSES:
Slippery floors,litteredwalkways,incorrect
footwear,poorlighting
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How can foot injuries be
prevented ?
The first step in developing a strategyto reduce foot problems is to identifythe relevant hazards at the workplace.
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How Can the Job Design
Improve Foot Safety ?Aching, flat or tired feet are commonamong workers who spend most of
their working time standing.
The most important goal of job design
is to avoid fixed positions especiallyfixed standing positions.
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How Can the Job Design
Improve Foot Safety ?Job rotation moves workers from one
job to another
Job enlargement includes more anddifferent tasks in a workers duties
Rest breaks, frequent short breaks are
preferable to fewer long breaks
How an t e Wor p ace
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How an t e Wor p aceDesign Improve Foot
Safety ?For standing jobs, an adjustable worksurface is best
Work station design should allow theworker room to change body position
A foot rail or footrest enables workersto shift weight from one leg to another
Where possible a worker should beallowed to work sitting or standing atwill
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How Can the Kind of Floor
Improve Foot Comfort ?Where resilient floors are not practical,foot wear with thick, insulating soles
and shock absorbing insoles canalleviate discomfort
Anti-fatigue matting
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Safety Shoes and BootsSteel Toefootwear protects your toesfrom falling objects and from being
crushed.
Metatarsalfootwear have special guardsthat run from your ankle to your toesand protect the entire foot
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Safety Shoes and BootsReinforced solefootwear have metalreinforcement that protects your foot
from punctures.
Latex/Rubberfootwear resists
chemicals and provides extra tractionon slippery surfaces.
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Safety Shoes and BootsPVC footwear protects your feet againstmoisture and improves traction.
Butylfootwear protects against mostketones, aldehydes, alcohol's, acids,salts, and alkalis.
Vinylfootwear resists solvents, acids,alkalis, salts, water, grease, and blood.
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Safety Shoes and BootsNitrile footwear resists animal fats, oilsand chemicals.
Electrostatic Dissipating footwearconducts static electricity to floors thatare grounded.
Electrical Hazard footwear are insulatedwith tough rubber to prevent shocksand burns from electricity.
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Wearing and Using Safety
FootwearSelect and use the right kind offootwear for the job you are going to beperforming. Footwear should meet orexceed the standards set by BIS
Avoid footwear made of leather or clothif you work around acids or caustics.
These chemicals quickly eat through theleather or cloth,and can injure your feet.
Wearing and Using Safety
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Wearing and Using SafetyFootwear
Select footwear that fits.
Inspect your footwear before you usethem. Look for holes and cracks thatmight leak.
Replace footwear that is worn or torn.
After working with chemicals, hose yourfootwear with water to rinse away anychemicals or dirt before removing yourfootwear.
Avoid borrowing footwear. Footwear ispersonal protective equipment.
Store footwear in a clean, cool, dry,
ventilated area.
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Testing of Safety
FootwearCarbon steel toe cap of 1.41.6 mmthickness
Ankle to a height of 12cmSoles of shore hardness of 55A
The toe cap under an impact of 14 Kg
should not distort or depress so as toreduce the clearance inside the shoe toless than 13.5 mm
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Remember
Your Feet are one of your greatest
assets.
Protect them!
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BODY PROTECTIONTHE SKIN IS THE BODYS FIRST LINE OFDEFENCE
IN HAZARDOUS WORKENVIRONEMNTS, THE SKIN IS THEMOST VULNERABLE TO ACCIDENT ANDINFECTION FROM EXPOSURE
FOR YOUR OWN BODYS WELL BEING,PROTECT YOUR SKIN AGAINST ALLHAZARDS BOTH AT HOME AND ATWORK
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CAUSES FOR JOB RELATED SKIN
DISEASE/INJURYPHYSICAL HAZARDS-ENVIRONEMNTALAND MECHANICAL.
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES- INORGANIC
ACIDS AND SALTS, HYDROCARBONS,OIL, TARS,
PITCH AND DYES
PLANT PRODUCTS- LEAVES, SATEMS, SAP,
ROOTS, BULBS, FLOWERS, FRUITS,VEGETABLES, WOOD DUST, RESINS AND
LACQUERS
LIVING AGENTSBACTERIA, VIRUSES,
FUNGI, PARASITES, INSECTS, AND MITES
SKIN/BODY PROTECTION
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SKIN/BODY PROTECTION
TYPE PROTECTS AGAINST
LEATHER APRON HOT MATERIALS LIKE HOTCHIPS, MOLTEN SLAG, ETC.,
ASBESTOS APRON,ASBESTOSHOOD WITH VISOR
HEAT RADIATION
PVC APRON, ACID/ALKALIPROOF RUBBER APRON, FACESHIELD WITH VISOR
CHEMICAL SPLASHES
LEAD APRON IONISING RADIATION
X-RAY, GAMMA RAYSBARRIER CREAM CONTACT DERMATITIS
WHILE HANDLINGLUBRICANTS, SOLVENTS,ETC.,
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Total Body ProtectionPVC suits can be used for handling acid,alkalis or chemicals
Air supplied suits to be worn withproper air source for chemical withtoxic/offensive odours
Aluminised suits with independent airsupply for fire fighting operations
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Chemical protective
clothing analysisJob classification or task
Process or task summary
Potential or actual chemical hazardsPhysical properties of chemicals
Potential or actual physical hazards
Chemical contact periods
Type of potential contactBody zones of potential contact
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PREVENTIVE MEASURESWash frequently using proper cleansers
Change clothes often
Remove irritants
Take showers
Separate soiled clothing
Treat abrasions properly
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Fall ProtectionFall Arrest
Fall Restraint
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Safety netsFalls account for a sizable percentage ofinjury
Safety net offer protection over an areaCan be used on the nature of job
Nets must be properly tied on all sides
firmly
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Safety Belt
As per BIS Specification 3521:1983
Webbing can be of leather, nylon orsynthetic material
The material for buckles, D ring andclamp should be metal with nickelplating or SS
The life line clamp should be of alocking type and should not open upeven under a jerk
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USE OF SAFETY BELT
The life line should be of nylon and thelength can be maximum of 5 Mts
The life line must be secured to anindependent firm anchor
The belts must be numbered andinspected
Must be certified/tested annually byexternal agency
Defective belts must be destroyed
Suitable register must be maintained bythe user department
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RESPIRATORY PROTECTIONThe respiratory system consisting ofvital organs of the Body
Very core of a human beingIf it collapses, life itself is extinguished
Best protection must be given against
the hazards of the workplace thatthreatens the respiratory system
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Determining physical state
of airborne contaminantListing of contaminant in TLV book is aclue but there are some exceptions
Guidelines for estimating airborne phasehave been developed based on:identity of the major constituents
saturated vapor concentrations of
constituentsestimate of total airborne massconcentration
(the saturated vapor concentration and total
airborne concentration can help predict phase)
Types of respirators
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Types of respirators
Air-purifying respiratorsFilters (for particulates)
Cartridges (for gases or vapors) - mayhave filters, too
Canisters (used with gas masks --large capacity)
Oxygen must be > 19.5%
Atmosphere supplying respiratorsSCBAsSupplied air respirators (Type C or CE)
Combinations of SCBAs and SARs
Aerosol removing
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Aerosol removingrespirators
Filters can remove dusts, mists, fumes,others
Cannot protect against gases, vapors, orlow O2
Removal mechanisms:
interception
sedimentation
impactiondiffusion
electrostatic attraction
Nine filter types
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yp3 levels of filter efficiency:
95% (called 95)99% (called 99)
99.97% (called 100)
3 categories of resistance to filterefficiency degradation:
N (Not resistant to oil)R (Resistant to oil)
P (oil Proof)
Selection of N, R, and P-
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, ,series filters
If no oil particles are present in the workenvironment, use a filter of any series.
If oil particles are present, use an R- or P-seriesfilter.
If oil particles are present and the filter is to beused for more than one work shift, use only a P-series filter.
Selection of filter efficiency depends on howmuch filter leakage can be accepted.
Choice of face piece depends on level ofprotection needed (APF).
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Gas and vapor removing
respiratorsUse sorbentsHoused in cartridges or canisters
Removal mechanisms:adsorption
absorption
chemisorption
catalysis
Designed for specific contaminants orclasses
Gas and vapor removing
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p gcartridges
Organic vapor cartridges:currently tested with CCl4at 1000 ppm (only)
may or may not be very effective for specificvapors
seek guidance from respirator manufacturerincluding test data on vapor in use
only small amount of charcoal in cartridges
more charcoal in canisterscolor code: black
Service i e o cartri ges ori t
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gcanisters
Depends on:quality and amount of sorbent
packing uniformity and density
exposure conditions, breathing rate
relative humidity
temperature
contaminant concentration
affinity of the gas or vapor for the sorbent
presence of other gases and vapors
Acid gas respirators
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Acid gas respirators
Designed for removing acidic gases
Tested by NIOSH against chlorine, HCland SO2(only)
Limited to fairly low concentrationsChlorine 10 ppm
Hydrogen chloride 50 ppm
Sulfur dioxide 50 ppm
Color code: white
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Alkaline gas cartridges
Contains chemicals for removingalkaline gases such as:
ammonia
methylamine
Concentrations limitedammonia 300 ppm
methylamine 100 ppm
Color code: green
Air-purifying respirators
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Air-purifying respiratorsadditional informationReplace cartridges:
NIOSH: daily or after each use, or even moreoften if odor, taste, or irritation
some canisters may have end of service lifeindicators
Other cartridges available:pesticides
carbon monoxide
ethylene oxide
formaldehyde
hydrogen fluoride
hydrogen sulfide
mercury
phosphine
vinyl chloride
Colors for AP elements
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Colors for AP elements
Acid gas WhiteOrganic vapors Black
Ammonia gas Green
Carbon monoxide Blue
Acid gases and organic vapors Yellow
Acid gas, ammonia, and OV Brown
Acid gas, ammonia, CO, and OV Red
Other vapors and gases OliveRadioactive materials (HEPA) Purple *
Dusts, fumes, mists (non-radio) Orange*
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Atmosphere-supplying
respiratorsAir-line respirators
Self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA)
Combination SCBA and SAR
Must be supplied with Grade D breathingair, usually from bottles or compressors
Supplied Air Respirators
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pp p
Airline respiratorscalled Type C or Type CE
hose can be up to 300 feet
4 cfm required for tight-fitting mask, 6 cfmfor hoods and helmets
available in demand, pressure demand, andcontinuous flow arrangements
Hose masksType A (motor or hand-operated blower)
Type B (no blower)large diameter hoses
Sources of breathing air
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Compressors Subject to failure
If oil-lubricated, can overheat changing oil mist into CO
Carbon vane type are available and oil-less
Can run continuously
Can be fitted with CO sensor and/or adsorption units
Air intake location is critical
Compressed gas cylinders (breathing air) Can be up to 3500 psi
Finite air supply...for limited time spans
Do not rely on utility services
Blowers used for hose masks
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Criteria for Grade D
compressed airOxygen 19.5% to 23.5%oxygen (vol)
Hydrocarbons < 5mg/M3 (oilmist)
Carbon dioxide < 1000 ppm
Carbon monoxide
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ApparatusOpen-circuit type
bottled air from 2000 to 4500 psi typically
time from 15 min to 60 min typically
demand or pressure demand or continuous flow
can be combined with supplied air respirator
escape-only type available in 5, 7, 10 or 15 minutesize
Closed-circuit type (also called re-breathers)could be either negative or positive pressure type
possible to over breathe
more complicated to maintain
requires more training
longer use period ... sometimes up to 4 hours
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Respirator selection
Routine use vs non-routine use
Workplace hazards
Physical CharacteristicsPhysical demands of the work
Respirator capabilities and limitations
Exposure assessments
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Exposure assessments
Identify airborne contaminants where
possibleMatch up specifications and limitations ofrespirators
Consider abnormal conditions that maycause concentrations to rise
Think in terms of worst case exposures
Apply substance-specific requirements
Communicate information to employees;discuss signs, symptoms of overexposure
Keep good records
Non-routine use ofespi ato s
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respiratorsThree situations require careful consideration:
entry into confined spaces
entry into oxygen-deficient atmospheres
emergencies
IDLH
ANSI: ...any atmosphere that poses animmediate, irreversible debilitating effects on
health... (acute effects vs chronic exposures)New OSHA standard requires atmospheres to be
considered IDLH unless shown otherwise
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IDLH, continued
NIOSH: IDLH based on two factors:
worker must be able to escape within30 min without losing life or suffering
permanent health damage, andworker must be able to escape withoutsevere eye or respiratory irritation orother reactions that could inhibit escape
also, atmospheres > LEL are IDLH
8-Step PPE Process
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8 Step PPE Process
1. Determine type of hazard(s) like to occur2. Determine adverse effects of unprotected
exposures
3. See if other control options can be used
4. Determine performance characteristicsneeded for protection
5. Determine need for decontamination
6. Determine ergonomic constraints presented7. Determine cost of various options
8. Make the selection
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THANK YOU
