PPCJ FC Sept3.indd - Flickread

Inside: Core-shell acrylic polymers

Inside: Latest developments in linear abrasion testing

LEADING JOURNAL FOR THE COATINGS INDUSTRY IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST

VOL 207 – NO 4634 SEPTEMBER 2017

Keeping it bright TiO2 Buyers’ Guide

TEST & WEATHERING • ADDITIVES • SURFACTANTS • WATERBORNE• ADHESIVES & SEALANTS

CREATING TOMORROW’S SOLUTIONS

The future belongs to sustainable, high-performance products with an attractive cost-in-use ratio – products such as our VINNAPAS® vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) dispersions. With innovative VAE technology, you can go even further than the VOC cuts legislated in Europe, where VOC content in matt interior paints was reduced from 125 g/l in 2000 to 30 g/l in 2010*, saving 85,500 metric tons a year in VOC emissions. Our VAE dispersions, with their inherent coalescing properties, do not need any plasticizers or solvents, which means they are ideal for formulating interior paints with a VOC content of less than 1 g/l.The result: low-VOC, high-impact paints. Make up your mind – and make the move to VAE! www.wacker.com/move-coatings

Wacker Chemicals Middle East FZE, Dubai Silicon Oasis, DubaiTel. +971 4 709-9999, [email protected], www.wacker.com/socialmedia

*Source: European Commission publication Cost and Benefi ts: “The Reduction of Volatile Organic Components from Paints”

NO COMPROMISE ON VOC –MAKE THE MOVE TO VAE

http://www.wacker.com/move-coatings

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.wacker.com/socialmedia

SECTION REPORT

1 PPCJ • September 2017 www.coatingsgroup.com

CONTENTS

VOL 207 No 4634 September 2017

Test & Weathering

18 Moving forward

Q-Lab discusses the need for more up-to-date weathering

testing in the automotive coatings industry

20 Scratching the surface

Weighing up the applications and limitations of the latest

developments in linear abrasion testing

Additives

24 Polymer additives

The key drivers, challenges and opportunities in the polymer

additives market

Waterborne Coatings

27 Achieving the perfect balance

The development of core-shell acrylic lattices suitable for wood,

metal and plastic surfaces

29 Glucamine takes centre stage

A comprehensive assessment of Clariant’s novel sugar-based

neutralising agent for ecolabel certified paints

Adhesives & Sealants

32 News

A round up of the latest news and products

Surfactants

34 Anionic versus non-ionic

PCC discusses the affect of different surfactants on the application

properties of polymeric dispersions

Titanium Dioxide

39 TiO2 Buyers’ Guide

This year’s titanium dioxide grades directory, sponsored for

the third year by KRONOS, has been updated to provide a

comprehensive listing for the formulator

Water Repellents

45 Spotlight on silicone

A range of high performance silicone water repellents for the

building and water-based paints sectors

Environment

46 Zero VOC paints?

Trevor Fielding of the British Coatings Federation, questions the

benefits and validity of paints marketed as VOC-free

COVER IMAGE CREDIT: www.akzonobel.com

Regular Features

03 From the Editor

04 News

08 Diary

10 Letter from America

12 Business Matters

16 Powder Matters

http://www.coatingsgroup.com

http://www.akzonobel.com

FORTHCOMING EVENTS

+44 (0)1737 [email protected] www.coatingsgroup.com'The CoatingsGroup'@CoatingsGroup

FOR UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ON ANY OF THE ABOVE EVENTS, PLEASE

CONTACT THE COATINGS GROUP

Global links for coatings professionals

11 – 12 October 2017CICC, Cairo, Egypt

29 – 31 May 2018Sandton Convention Centre South Africa

17 – 18 OctoberHyatt Hotel, CasablancaMorocco

19 – 21 March 2018DWTC, Dubai UAE

13 – 14 September 2018KLCC, Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia



SECTION REPORT

3 PPCJ • September 2017www.coatingsgroup.com

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Headline news for all the wrong reasons

Harvey is certainly going to be a

name that people associate with

2017 for years to come. The first

major hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic

hurricane season came ashore on August

25 as the most powerful hurricane to

hit the state of Texas in more than 50

years, has killed an estimated 50 people,

displaced more than one million and

damaged some 200,000 homes in a path

of destruction stretching for more than

300 miles.

Horrendous headlines

The Houston area is a major petrochemical-

manufacturing centre and many well-known

companies connected to the coatings

industry were affected Including: BASF,

Covestro, Dow, Celanese and Hexion.

BASF alone operates 10 sites in Texas,

employing nearly 3000 people across the

state, while Dow employs approximately

12,000 in the state. But it was Arkema that

made headlines worldwide, as it dealt with

the consequences of severe flooding at its

Crosby facility in Texas. No-one expects to

read headlines, such as ‘Texas chemical

plant ‘poised to explode’ after flooding cuts

power’ or ‘No way to prevent volatile liquids

stored at Arkema plant in Crosby from

blowing up without proper refrigeration,

company warns.’

Our thoughts and best wishes go out to

all those affected.

Sealants in Sardinia…

As this copy of PPCJ lands on your desk

or you follow the link in your in-box to the

digital issue, the 2017 European Adhesive

and Sealant Conference & Expo will be

taking place in Sardinia, Italy, from 13-15

September 2017.

Yr-on-yr FEICA manages to attract

a record number of industry leaders

to discuss market drivers and trends,

innovation, sustainability and technological

advancements making it the premier event

for Europe’s adhesive and sealant industry,

providing essential insights into the key

issues affecting the industry and great

networking opportunities for formulators,

customers and raw materials suppliers.

This year’s conference continues the recent

overall theme of the pursuit of growth with

a particular focus on innovation.

You can read PPCJ’s exclusive report on

the event in our December issue.

Questioning zero VOC claims

In this month’s magazine Trevor Fielding,

from the British Coatings Federation,

questions the benefits and validity of paints

marketed as VOC-free and discusses what

other options consumers will have when

choosing a paint that will have minimal

impact on the environment.

TiO2 Buyers’ Guide sponsor

This year’s TiO2 Buyers’ Guide, featured

in this edition, is, once again, being

sponsored by KRONOS International.

I would like to take this opportunity to

thank the company for its continued

support and input into making this guide

such an important point of reference for

the industry.

EDITORIAL

Editor: CHRISTINE MALTHOUSETel: +44 (0)1737 855106Email: [email protected]

Deputy Editor: SALLY ROBERTSTel: +44 (0)1737 855161Email: [email protected]

ADVERTISEMENT SALES

RANJEET SANDHUEurope & USATel: +44 (0)1737 855105Email: [email protected]

FAN LANDERSAsiaTel: +44 (0)1737 855078Email: [email protected]

JESSICA SZUTS-NARANJOMiddle East & AfricaTel: +44 (0)1737 855162Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

Group Sales Director: KEZ CHENAgency/Agents & Corporate EnquiriesTel: +44 (0)1737 855107Email: [email protected]

ADVERTISEMENT PRODUCTION

Production Manager: MELANIE CHILESTel: +44 (0)1737 855044Email: [email protected]

MARKETING

Marketing Manager: KIERAN PROVERBSTel: +44 (0)1737 855067Email: [email protected]

CORPORATE

Vice President:IAN FAUXEmail: [email protected]

© dmg events (MEA) Ltd 2017

An official journal of the European Resin Manufacturers Association

PUBLISHED BY:

dmg events (MEA) Ltd, Quartz House,20 Clarendon Road, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1QX, UKTel: +44 (0)1737 855000Fax: +44 (0)1737 855034Website: www.coatingsgroup.com

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION:

UK £200.00/Outside UK £252.00Single copies: £28.00Polymers Paint Colour Journal is published 10 times a year

SUBSCRIPTIONS:

Tel: +44 (0)1737 855044Fax: +44 (0)1737 855034Email: [email protected];[email protected]: Subscriptions, dmg events (MEA) Ltd, Quartz House,20 Clarendon Road, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1QX, UK

Printed by:Pensord Press, Tram Road Pontllanfraith, BlackwoodGwent NP12 2YA, Wales

ISSN 1357-731XVol 207; Number 4634; September 2017

Founded 1879

Chris MalthouseEditor, Coatings [email protected]

twitter.com/CoatingsGroup

facebook.com/TheCoatingsGroup

Search ‘The Coatings Group’ in LinkedIn















SECTION REPORT


NEWS

NEWS IN BRIEFSika acquires Turkey -based ABC SealantsSika has acquired ABC

Sealants, a leading Turkey-

based manufacturer of

sealants and adhesives. The

acquisition will strengthen

Sika’s market position in

Turkey and further establish

Sika as a comprehensive

supplier of solutions for

interior finishing applications.

AkzoNobel acquires Disa TechnologyAkzoNobel has finalised

the acquisition of French

manufacturer Disa

Technology (Disatech).

Headquartered in Limoges,

Disatech is a leader in

aerospace technical marking

systems and specialises in

the manufacture of self-

adhesive vinyl, polyester

and polycarbonate films

used on aircraft, vehicles,

agricultural machinery and

other equipment.

BASF lifts force majeureBASF has lifted, with

immediate effect, the

force majeure status that

was declared on October

31, 2016 for dispersions,

dispersion powders and hot

melts on acrylic monomer

basis (Acronal, acResin,

Acrodur, ACROSOL E 20

D, AQAGloss, Basonal,

Col.9, Epotal and Luhydran)

supplied from the

Ludwigshafen, Germany and

Tarragona, Spain sites.

Shin-Etsu expands silicone production in USAShin-Etsu Chemical has

announced it is to expand

the production capacity of

the Akron Plant in Ohio of

its group company Shin-

Etsu Silicones of America

(SESA), which is engaged

in the manufacturing and

sales of silicones in the USA

The amount of this facility

investment is ¥2.4bn and

the expansion work is aimed

for completion in the middle

of 2019.

FEICA to run food

contact seminarTo ensure the safety of

packaging used for food

applications, it is important

that stakeholders in the supply

chain work together. In this

context, FEICA is running a

seminar, on September 28,

specifically on migration testing

of adhesives and especially

the migration of mineral

oil hydrocarbons.

Registration is mandatory

and free of charge. Venue:

Hotel Berlaymont, Boulevard

Charlemagne 11-19, 1000

Brussels. For more information,

visit www.feica.eu

Evonik to build speciality

copolyester plant in WittenEvonik Industries is building

a new production plant for

speciality copolyesters at its

Witten site in Germany. As

binders for paints, speciality

copolyesters are used in coil

coatings and, increasingly,

in food can coatings. The

company is investing a mid-

double-digit million Euro sum

in the plant, which will have

annual production capacity of

several thousand metric tons.

The project is on track to

reach mechanical completion

by end of November 2017.

Following the successful

Mechanical Completion the

commissioning phase will be

commenced and commercial

operation is planned to start in

Q1, 2018.

Polyester-based coatings

are perceived as a good

alternative to substitute the

standard epoxy-based coating

systems to ensure a bisphenol

A free food packaging. Evonik

has early on anticipated this

trend and decided at the end

of 2015 to invest in additional

capacity to be well prepared to

accompany further growth in

this market.

Forty years of Wacker in BrazilLast month, in São Paulo,

Wacker Chemie AG celebrated

the 40th anniversary of its

Brazil-based South American

headquarters. Wacker

Química do Brasil Ltda was

established in São Paulo, in

1977 – marking an important

milestone in the Group’s South

American expansion. In Jandira

near São Paulo, Wacker now

manufactures silicone products

used, for example, in the

textile, construction, paper,

agrochemical, personal care

and cosmetics industries. The

company is currently building

a new multifunctional facility

at the site for manufacturing

antifoam agents and functional

silicone fluids. Investments

for the expansion will total

around €7M. Wacker’s Jandira

technical centre further offers

customers special support

with the development of new

products and applications

for the South American

market. With in excess of 100

employees, Wacker Brazil

generated sales of around

€90M in 2016.

In his address to some

200 customers and business

partners, Wacker Executive

Board member Tobias Ohler

highlighted the importance

of Wacker Brazil for the

Group’s future success in

South America: “Our sales in

this region have grown at an

average rate of more than nine

percent annually over the past

10 years. At the same time,

local production volumes have

increased five-fold.”

AkzoNobel reaches agreement with Elliott AkzoNobel has reached an agreement with

affiliates of Elliott Advisors (UK) Limited following

recent constructive dialogue, with the aim of

normalising the relationship with its shareholders.

The agreement includes alignment on the

AkzoNobel strategy to fully separate Specialty

Chemicals. In addition, Elliott said it would

support the appointment of Mr Thierry Vanlancker

as a member of the Board of Management of

AkzoNobel at the Extraordinary General Meeting,

which took place on September 8, 2017.

AkzoNobel and Elliott have also agreed,

subject to the terms of a standstill agreement, to

seek to suspend all ongoing litigation for at least

three months.

AkzoNobel has announced two new

nominations to its Supervisory Board. Elliott

supports their appointment. Further, AkzoNobel

intends to nominate a third Supervisory Board

member, which will be done in consultation

with the Company’s major shareholders,

including Elliott.

This agreement follows a wide-ranging set of

measures previously outlined by AkzoNobel on

July 25, 2017 designed to strengthen and maintain

a constructive dialogue with its shareholders.


http://www.feica.eu

SECTION REPORT


NEWS

NEWS IN BRIEFEvonik invests in fumed silica capacities in AntwerpEvonik has announced that

it is investing an amount

in the upper double-digit

million euro range in the

expansion of its fumed

silica capacities in Antwerp,

Belgium. The production

complex is scheduled to

become operational in the

summer of 2019.

DuPont and ADM honouredDuPont Industrial

Biosciences and Archer

Daniels Midland (ADM)

have been named as

joint winners of the 2017

Innovation in Bioplastics

Award. The Bioplastics

Council – a division of the

Plastics Industry Association

(PLASTICS) – honoured the

companies with the second

annual award for their

groundbreaking process to

produce furan dicarboxylic

methyl ester (FDME),

a biobased monomer,

from fructose.

Nagase acquires Fitz ChemNagase America has

acquired USA-based

speciality chemicals

distributor Fitz Chem

Corporation. Fitz Chem will

continue to operate under

the name Fitz Chem LLC.

Fitz Chem Corporation

is a successful speciality

chemical distributor,

with more than US$60M

in revenue, focused on

the coatings, adhesives,

sealants, and elastomer

(CASE) markets, as well as

the plastics and personal

care markets.

PPG Foundation donates US$40,000 to US universityThe PPG Foundation has

donated US$40,000 to

the NDSU Foundation

and Alumni Association

to benefit the Coatings

and Polymeric Materials

Department at North

Dakota State University.

PPG opens automotive refinish

training centre in ArgentinaPPG has opened a 300m2

training centre for automotive

refinish professionals in Pillar,

Argentina. The company

expects to train more than

300 refinish technicians at

the state-of-the-art facility

annually, with 100 professionals

receiving training through the

end of 2017.

PPG experts will train

technicians from Argentina,

Chile and Uruguay on

all of PPG’s automotive

refinish product lines and

colour modules, as well as

application techniques. The

new facility expands PPG’s

training resources in southern

Latin America, adding to the

automotive refinish training

centre it currently operates in

Sumaré, Brazil.

“This facility ensures PPG

experts and refinish technicians

have access to the most

advanced tools and training,

which ultimately ensure

customer satisfaction. We are

very proud to open this world-

class facility for the region’s

automotive refinish industry,”

said Fabrício Vieira, PPG

Commercial and Marketing

Director, Automotive Refinish,

southern Latin America region.

Axalta Coating Systems to acquire

Plascoat Systems Limited Axalta Coating Systems, a leading global supplier of

liquid and powder coatings, has acquired Plascoat

Systems Limited, a leading supplier of thermoplastic

powder coatings, from its parent company,

International Process Technologies (IPT) Ltd.

Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

Established in 1952, Plascoat has

pioneered the science behind the formulation,

manufacturing and application of thermoplastic

polyolefin coatings. Plascoat’s industry-leading

product portfolio includes Plascoat PPA 571, a

flexible, tough and highly durable plastic coating

used for a wide variety of outdoor applications,

Talisman, a hard wearing, tough plastic coating

used extensively in the dishwasher basket

coating market and Plascoat PPA 571 Aqua, a

unique plastic coating for potable water pipes, in

addition to many other high performing coatings

designed to meet the highest industry standards.

As part of the transaction, Axalta will acquire

both Plascoat manufacturing facilities in Farnham,

England, UK and Zuidland, The Netherlands.

PCR Group

on the moveThe Powder Coating Research

Group has relocated to a

new facility in Columbus,

Ohio, USA. PCR Group, an

independent research and

development company,

recently moved to 1823

O’Brien Rd on Columbus’ west

side. The new facility boasts

a 3000ft2 operation including

an expanded processing area,

two isolated spray rooms, a

comprehensive testing lab and

conference room.

The PCR Group will host the

2017 PC Summit in October at

the Columbus Westin and in its

new lab.

Krahn Chemie to distribute Lanxess’ biocides in Germany and BeneluxWith immediate effect, the

Krahn Chemie Group will be

distributing the biocides and

preservatives of the Lanxess

speciality chemicals company

in Germany and Benelux. Core

applications of these products

are in industrial protection and

disinfection. The products,

which are mainly known under

the brand name Preventol,

have been used for decades

for the preservation of paints

and coatings, detergents, metal

working fluids, adhesives,

additives and wood protection.

Biocides are subject to many

regulations. From mid-2019, it is

proposed that a new regulation

will come into effect, which will

classify all products preserved

with MIT (methylisothiazolinone)

as sensitising substances.

Some MIT applications will,

thus, disappear completely.

Lanxess consistently pursues

the development of MIT-free

preservation systems and will,

together with Krahn, support its

customers in their transition to

MIT-free systems.

“The Preventol biocides

complement our portfolio

perfectly. Lanxess is one

of the worldwide leading

manufacturers of biocides

and sets new standards

in customer service with

its technical application

laboratories and regulatory

expertise. With such a

powerful partner, we will be

able to offer our customers

flexible, effective and individual

solutions in the field of

preservatives,” said Ibrahim

Zidan, Business Segment

Manager Coatings and

Construction Chemicals of

Krahn Chemie GmbH.

Krahn Chemie and Lanxess

already work successfully

together in the field of additives

for industrial lubricants.


SECTION REPORT


NEWS

NEWS IN BRIEFPerstorp to upgrade its UK caprolactone plantPerstorp is securing the

future of its caprolactone

business through a significant

investment to upgrade its

original monomer plant in

Warrington. The project was

initiated at the beginning of

2017 and construction of

the new parts of the plant

will start in the new year.

The plant upgrade consists

of installing a new peracetic

acid still and new reactors on

stream 1, which was originally

built in 1998. The project is

expected to be complete in

the second half of 2019.

Krahn to distribute FP-Pigments in Germany Krahn Chemie GmbH and

the Finnish company FP-

Pigments Oy have started

to co-operate in the sales

and marketing of opacity

pigments for paint, coating

and printing ink applications

in Germany.

The FP-Pigment series

consists of TiO2, which

is fixed with calcium

carbonate. They have been

manufactured since 1996 in

Finland, Germany and the

USA by using a patented

process. Because of their

high opacity, the FP-

Pigment grades enable a

partial substitution of TiO2 .

Merger completeDowDuPont has announced

the successful completion

of the merger of equals

between The Dow Chemical

Company and EI du Pont

de Nemours & Company,

effective August 31. The

combined entity is operating

as a holding company under

the name ‘DowDuPont’ with

three divisions – Agriculture,

Materials Science and

Specialty Products. The

new Board of Directors

comprises 16 members –

eight directors formerly on

the DuPont Board and eight

formerly on the Dow Board.

DSM concludes acquisition of

outstanding shares in DSM-AGIRoyal DSM, the global

science-based company, has

concluded the acquisition of

the outstanding 49% of shares

in its DSM-AGI joint venture,

thereby gaining sole ownership

of the Taiwan-based supplier

of innovative, high-quality

and environmentally friendly

UV-curable resins and other

speciality chemicals.

DSM issued a public tender

offer to purchase the remaining

shares of DSM-AGI Corporation

via one of its affiliates on March

3, 2017. This process has

now been completed and the

company has been de-listed

from the Taipei stock exchange.

DSM originally acquired a

51% stake in DSM-AGI in

July 2011 to strengthen the

UV-curing technology platform

for DSM Resins & Functional

Materials. Making DSM-AGI a

wholly-owned subsidiary will

allow DSM to more effectively

integrate DSM-AGI’s operations

and management within its own

global organisation.

PPG publishes architectural coatings guide

PPG’s coil and building

products business has

published the Architectural

Powder Coatings Color

Guide, a six-page brochure

featuring 60 commonly

specified Coraflon powder

coatings colours.

The booklet is organised into

three sections: 30 solid colours,

21 Coraflon Sunstorm mica

colours and nine speciality

colours, including textured,

multi-colour and anodic-look

samples. To order the guide,

visit www.requestppg.com

AkzoNobel powers Dutch students at Bridgestone World Solar Challenge Students from Eindhoven University of

Technology taking part in this year’s Bridgestone

World Solar Challenge in Australia will be

aiming to blaze a winning trail in a new vehicle

featuring high performance coatings supplied

by AkzoNobel.

Unveiled by Solar Team Eindhoven in June,

the Stella Vie is a solar-powered family car

capable of travelling 1000km on one full battery.

As well as offering technical advice to the team,

AkzoNobel’s Specialty Coatings business also

provided a range of innovative products, including

sustainable primers, basecoat and clearcoat.

“Working with talented engineers and

technicians is always a great experience,

particularly when it involves a project, which is so

closely related to our own efforts to create a more

sustainable future,” said Managing Director of

Specialty Coatings, Alberto Slikta.

“We pride ourselves on combining high

performance technology with world class colour

expertise and our exclusive partnership with

Solar Team Eindhoven is an exciting way to

showcase our capabilities.”

Added Beatrix Bos, Public Relations Manager

for Solar Team Eindhoven: “Painting a solar car

is not easy. AkzoNobel gave us lots of advice on

how to do the job and which materials to use –

and the end result looks fantastic.”

The team describes the car as “a balance

between aerodynamic, aesthetic and practical

design.” It will provide a stern test for the

company’s coatings as it travels under the

blistering sun of the Australian desert.

However, it won’t be the first time AkzoNobel

products have been used in the competition. The

company’s Sikkens brand has partnered with the

Dutch Nuon Solar team in the Challenger class

for many years – with the team claiming their

sixth victory the last time the event was staged

in 2015. This year, the Bridgestone World Solar

Challenge takes place in October and involves

travelling 3000km from Darwin to Adelaide.

Ashland declares force majeureAshland has declared a force majeure in Europe on 1.4 butanediol

(BDO), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and formaldehyde as a result of a fire at

its manufacturing facility in Marl, Germany, that led to the shutdown

of production operations on August 10.

Production has been suspended, while an investigation into the

cause and extent of the fire takes place. As a result, the Marl facility

is currently unable to produce any 1.4 BDO, THF or formaldehyde,

and the availability of product is significantly reduced. Ashland

is working with affected customers to minimise the impact to

their respective businesses and will continue to provide updates

regarding supply capability.


http://www.requestppg.com

SECTION REPORT


NEWS

NEWS IN BRIEFEvonik raises pricesEvonik has raised prices for

its aliphatic diisocyanates

and derivatives, offered

under the brand names

Vestanat and Vestagon up

to 10% on a global basis

with immediate effect.

All existing contracts will

be honoured. After many

years of stable prices the

price increase has become

unavoidable to compensate

higher costs for personnel,

maintenance, regulatory

affairs and logistics.

Dow pledges US$1M aid to Hurricane Harvey relief In response to the

widespread devastation

caused by Hurricane

Harvey in Texas, USA,

The Dow Chemical

Company and The Dow

Chemical Company

Foundation announced

the allocation of US$1M to

support immediate relief

and long-term recovery

and rebuilding efforts

associated with the storm

and its aftermath, as well as

support for the Company’s

impacted employees.

Ashland increases prices for gelcoats in EMEAAshland has increased

the price of its complete

portfolio of gelcoat products

in Europe, the Middle East

and Africa (EMEA) by €75/t.

This increase took effect

September 1, 2017 or as

soon as possible thereafter,

as contracts allow.

This increase is primarily

driven by continued

escalation of costs in key

raw materials including

titanium dioxide, isophthalic

acid and neopentyl glycol.

Flexicon launches German language website Flexicon has launched

a 157-page German

language website, www.

flexicondeutschland.de, to

support the its sales office in

Aschaffenburg, Germany.

Sun Chemical acquires Joules AngstromSun Chemical has acquired

Joules Angstrom UV

Printing Inks Corp, a leading

manufacturer of UV printing

inks for converters in the

commercial, packaging and

speciality markets.

By combining the

complementary portfolio of

products from the Pataskala,

Ohio-based company with

Sun Chemical’s full range of

global resources, customers

will benefit from the synergies

between both companies.

“This partnership will

give both Sun Chemical and

Joules Angstrom numerous

opportunities to provide

customers with expanded

product lines and services,”

said Charles Murray, President

of North American Inks, Sun

Chemical. “Joules Angstrom is

a company built on technical

excellence and customer

satisfaction and we plan to

work together to provide

customers with more exciting

and innovative UV printing

ink solutions.”

“Joining the Sun Chemical

family will present our

customers with numerous

opportunities for growth,

while allowing us to maintain

current operations to meet their

needs,” said Patrick Carlisle,

President, Joules Angstrom.

Lanxess expects record earnings for 2017 following strong Q2 results Following a good Q2 2017,

speciality chemicals company

Lanxess continues to expect

the highest earnings in the

company’s history for the

current financial year.

Global sales of the company

increased by almost 30% to

€2.5bn, up from €1.9bn a year

earlier. EBITDA pre exceptionals

improved by around 25% to

€367M, compared with €293M

yr-on-yr. This increase was

primarily due to the earnings

contribution from the newly

acquired Chemtura businesses,

as well as to higher volumes

and selling prices. The EBITDA

margin pre exceptionals in the

Q2 2017 stood at 14.6%, which

was slightly below the high

value of 15.1% reported in the

prior-year period.

“Our growth strategy is

paying off. Our strong operating

performance and our profitable

acquisitions are the basis for

our strong results in the second

quarter. The newly acquired

Chemtura businesses are

already making a significant

earnings contribution and the

other areas of our speciality

chemicals portfolio are also

developing positively,” said

Lanxess CEO Matthias Zachert.

Due to one-time exceptional

charges, net income was €3M,

(€75M yr-on-yr). The one-

time effects resulted from the

Chemtura acquisition and the

planned closure of chrome

chemicals production at the

Zárate site in Argentina in

Q4 2017. Adjusted for these

effects, net income increased

by around 75% to €141M,

compared with €80M yr-on-yr.

“We are overall well on

track and continue to expect

record earnings for the full year.

However, compared with the

very strong prior year, we are

anticipating a slightly weakened

momentum for the second half

of 2017,” said Zachert.

Lanxess continues

to forecast EBITDA pre

exceptionals for FY2017 of

between €1.225bn and €1.3bn.

Hoover Color and Ecoat develop coatings formulationsHoover Color, a division

of Cathay Industries, and

Ecoat, the French developer

of bio-based chemistry

for the coatings industry,

have started a collaborative

project to develop coatings

formulations on the basis

of environmentally friendly

raw materials. In this project

Hoover Color is responsible

for the pigments side,

whereas Ecoat contributes the

binder products.

“Our target for this

collaboration is to actively

open up new markets for

Cathay’s product range in

Europe and other regions

that have a strong tendency

towards environmentally

friendly applications. As highly

innovative industry partners,

Ecoat and Hoover Color

strengthen our performance

driven by the intention to act in

an environmentally conscious

way,” said Axel Schneider, CEO

Cathay Industries Europe.

Hoover Color is a pioneer

in the field of sustainable

pigments: The company is one

of the market leaders in naturally

occurring semi-transparent

raw and burnt umbers, as well

as in eco-friendly transparent

iron oxides for the paints and

coatings industries.

Ecoat pursues a strategy

similar in order to develop

binders for waterborne

coatings. By using bio-based

raw materials and designing

production processes with

significantly reduced energy

consumption, the company

develops and produces

bio-sourced emulsions for

architectural paints on the basis

of patented technologies.


http://www.flexicondeutschland.de

http://www.flexicondeutschland.de

SECTION REPORT


DIARY | NEWS

DIARYSeptember 27-29, 2017

CEPE Annual Conference &

General Assembly

Hilton Hotel, Athens, Greece

www.cepe.org

October 3-5, 2017

ABRAFATI 2017

São Paulo Expo, Brazil

www.abrafati2017.com.br

October 6-9, 2017

17th International Paint, Resin,

Coating & Composites Fair

Tehran Permanent Fairground

Tehran, Iran

www.ipcc.ir

October 11-12, 2017

Egyptian Coatings Show

CICC, Cairo, Egypt

www.coatingsgroup.com

October 12-13, 2017

UTECH Congress 2017

Hotel Novotel, Amsterdam

The Netherlands

www.utechcongress.com

October 15-18, 2017

Western Coatings

Symposium 2017 (WCS 2017)

Las Vegas, NV, USA

www.westerncoatings.org

October 17-19, 2017

RadTech Europe 17

Prague, Czech Republic

www.radtech2017.com

November 15-17, 2017

CHINACOAT 2017

Shanghai New International Expo

Centre, Shanghai, PR China

www.chinacoat.net

March 8-10, 2018

PAINTINDIA 2018

Bombay Exhibition Centre,

Goregaon, Mumbai, India

www.paintindia.in

March 19-21, 2018

Middle East Coatings Show

DWTC, Dubai, UAE


May 29-31, 2018

Coatings for Africa

Johannesburg, South Africa


EU round up: EU regulators clamp down on Chromium VI compoundsEuropean Union (EU) ministers and MEPs have

struck a deal on introducing new workplace

exposure limits for chromium (VI) compounds

within chromium-containing pigments, paints

and metal (conversion) coatings. The chemical

is widely used in the industry, with compounds

including barium chromate, zinc chromate and

calcium chromate being used as basic primers

and top coats in the aerospace sector. Under

the agreed new regulation – an amendment to

the EU’s carcinogens and mutagens directive

– EU-wide occupational exposure limits will be

introduced of of 0.010mg/m3 for five years after the

rule comes into force. After that, the limit will be

lowered to 0.005mg/m3. A European Commission

note said the chemical causes lung cancer and

sinonasal cancer and the number of exposed

workers is 916,000. The rule tells employers to

identify and assess risks to exposed workers and

prevent exposure where risks occur, using a less-

hazardous alternative where possible.

• Meanwhile, the European Chemicals Agency

(ECHA) has sought to ease concerns about a

looming deadline of September 21, after which

Chromium VI compound suppliers must have

a special authorisation from the European

Commission to deliver products using these

chemicals to the EU market. ECHA has released

guidance saying: “Downstream users can continue

using Chromium VI compounds after the sunset

[date] even if the Commission has not decided to

grant or not to grant an authorisation”. But this is

only if a supplier applied for an authorisation before

March 21, 2016. See also https://echa.europa.

eu/support/dossier-submission-tools/reach-it/

downstream-user-authorised-use and https://

newsletter.echa.europa.eu/home/-/newsletter/

entry/4_15_downstream-users-notify-echa-if-you-

use-an-authorised-substance

• Paint and coatings companies have been

told that there will be an additional chance to

comment on upcoming EU rules on deciding

which endocrine disrupters in chemical products

have special controls. A public consultation will

follow the approval by the EU Council of Ministers

and European Parliament of criteria for assessing

disrupters. The consultation will be followed by

another decision endorsing a final draft of these

rules. A joint drafting group of scientists from the

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and ECHA,

with support from the EU Joint Research Centre,

has been developing guidance since January, with

a round of initial expert consultation ending on

August 31, preceding the upcoming votes by MEPs

and ministers. https://echa.europa.eu/-/work-on-

guidance-document-for-identifying-endocrine-

disruptors-proceeding

• The Central European Research Infrastructure

Consortium (CERIC-ERIC) has staged a meeting in

Trieste, Italy, bringing together researchers working

under the EU-funded ACCELERATE project, which

is investigating using synchrotron light techniques

and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform

quantitative and qualitative characterisation of

organic and inorganic materials within polymers.

http://www.accelerateproject.eu/

People

PPG appointsPPG has named Sam Millikin

Global Platform Business

Director for aerospace

sealants and packaging and a

member of PPG’s aerospace

business leadership team.

Millikin succeeds John Sands,

who retired after a 32yr

career. Millikin began his PPG

career in 1989 at the former

La Porte, Texas, chemicals

plant. He moved to the

company’s speciality coatings

and materials business,

holding assignments in optical

products and silica products

before becoming Global Sales

and Marketing Development

Director for Teslin substrate.

New segment heads announced at CovestroCovestro has announced

managerial changes in its

Polyurethanes and Coatings,

Adhesives, Specialties

segments effective September

1, 2017. Dr Markus Steilemann

(pictured left), who has

been CCO with Board of

Management responsibility

for Innovation, Marketing

and Sales since April 2017,

will relinquish his position as

Head of the Polyurethanes

segment, which he has held

since the start of 2016. Plans

call for him to succeed Patrick

Thomas as CEO of Covestro

next year. The new Head of

the Polyurethanes segment

will be Daniel Meyer, who

has headed the Coatings,

Adhesives, Specialties

segment since 2011. He will be

succeeded by Michael Friede,

who currently manages the

company’s global elastomers

business from France.


http://www.cepe.org

http://www.abrafati2017.com.br

http://www.ipcc.ir


http://www.utechcongress.com

http://www.westerncoatings.org

http://www.radtech2017.com

http://www.chinacoat.net

http://www.paintindia.in



https://echa.europa

https://newsletter.echa.europa.eu/home/-/newsletter/

https://newsletter.echa.europa.eu/home/-/newsletter/

https://echa.europa.eu/-/work-on-guidance-document-for-identifying-endocrine-disruptors-proceeding





http://www.accelerateproject.eu/

Whether its automotive or electronic equipment production, cutting-edge industry sectors need high-gradeadhesives. That’s why many of our industrial partners rely on BYK as an established name and competent-technology partner – because BYK with its diverse range of additives has considerable expertise at its disposalin how to improve the properties of adhesives and sealants. And, consequently, not only large numbers ofautomakers worldwide are well provided but also many other industries such as the construction, paperand packaging sectors, which have found a strong connection in us.

www.byk.com

BYK AdditivesLooking for a strong connection?

http://www.byk.com


LETTER FROM AMERICA

Regulatory restrictions on automotive

emissions and requirements for

petrol mileage are rising as the

US CAFE standards are implemented.

Light-weighting of vehicles is the key

response of automotive manufacturers. An

increasingly greater percentage of the cars

and trucks produced today are composed

of disparate, light-weight materials that are

bonded to one another using adhesives.

Steel car bodies fastened together via

welded joints are rapidly becoming a

thing of the past. Car manufacturers are

looking for coatings that not only adhere

to the many different substrates found in

their vehicles but provide high levels of

protection and appearance at lower and

lower applied film builds

According to market research firm

Global Market Insights, the North American

automotive coatings market, which is

dominated by the USA, will generate sales

of more than US$5.5bn by 2022. The

volume of the global automotive coating

market is estimated by the firm to be

increasing at a compound annual growth

rate of 4.9% and will reach 5.51M tons by

2022. On a global basis, metal applications

accounted for 70% of all automotive

coating usage in 2014 but plastic

applications are growing at the fastest rate

(5.2% CAGR) to 2022.

MULTI-SUBSTRATE APPROACH

Lightweight materials being used in

automotives today include metals, such

as aluminium, ultra-high strength steel

(UHSS) and magnesium, and new alloys

made with them; composites, such as

those consisting of carbon fibre reinforced

polymers; and various high-performance

plastics. Because no one single material

can replace steel throughout an entire

vehicle, many of these different materials

are typically found in the cars being

manufactured today.

The multi-substrate approach presents

challenges to coating manufacturers.

Differing pretreatment processes,

corrosion potentials and thermal expansion

coefficients along with the poorer surface

properties of these materials and the

requirement for lower temperature curing

(composites and plastics) are issues that

must be addressed in addition to the

ability of coatings to adhere to multiple

substrates, according to Bill Eibon, Director

of Technology Acquisition for Automotive

OEM Coatings with PPG Industries. Despite

ongoing changes in the mix of materials

used in the automotive industry, coatings

must continually provide uniform, high-

quality finishes across each entire vehicle.

The use of multiple substrates has

complicated the pretreatment process,

according to Scott Clifford, Principal

Engineer in the Paint Shop Automation

Group of FANUC America Inc. Existing

pretreatments have been optimised for

the removal of welding debris from steel

substrates, not excess adhesive and

sealant materials used to bond disparate

components or waxes generated during

the cleaning of aluminium parts. Clogging

of existing filtration systems can, therefore,

be an issue, according to Jim Schafer, Lab

Manager with Durr Systems. Some new

pretreatments for aluminium address the

wax issue and other solutions for multi-

metal pretreatment are under development.

Automakers and their suppliers are still

learning which technologies work best for

different combinations of newer substrates,

however, Schafer notes.

FOCUS ON CORROSION RESISTANCE ISSUES

New corrosion issues have also arisen

as the result of bringing different metal

substrates together. Coating manufacturers

are, therefore, focused on optimising

corrosion resistance for mixed-metal car

bodies in order to achieve the level of

corrosion protection required by current

industry standards, according to Eibon.

Even UHSS, which is to hydrogen-induced

cracking, presents new problems.

Cynthia Challener discusses the use of multi-substrates in the automotive industry

CAFE Standards

are driving the

NA automotive

coatings market

Imag

e: w

ww

durr

.com

� 14


www.heubachcolor.com

We manufacture lead free pigments for our environment

Visit us . China Coat 2017Booth W1.D01-04

Heubach offers a variety of alternatives to lead containing pigments such as:

> MONOLITE™/MONASTRAL™ – Yellow and red high performance organic pigments

> VANADUR® – Brilliant bismuth vanadate pigments

> HEUCODUR® – Highly opaque and durable colored inorganic complex pigments

> HEUCO®FIT Concept – Ready-to-use and easy-to-disperse color shade preparations

(RAL, NCS, Corporate Colors)

> TICO® – Yellow, orange and red high performance hybrid pigments

http://www.heubachcolor.com

SECTION REPORTBUSINESS MATTERS


It’s current and common knowledge

that the titanium dioxide (TiO2) industry

is experiencing many difficulties, with

supply tightening significantly (especially

in China) and the recent unwelcome idea

that it might be a suspected carcinogen

(cat. 2) that has been suggested within

the European Chemicals Agency, much

to the dissatisfaction of titanium dioxide

industry representatives. Consolidation

and jettisoning within the industry, such as

that between Tronox and Cristal and then

the Huntsman-Venator spin-off continues

to change the shape and line-up of the

sector too. With these trials and tribulations

in mind, the publication of a new market

study that outlines the prospects for the

titanium dioxide sector is likely to be read

with some appetite.

STRONG GROWTH FOR TIO2

The global TiO2 market is projected

to grow from US$10.64bn in 2016 to

US$14.12bn by 2021, at a CAGR of 5.8%

between 2016 and 2021, according to

the new study Titanium Dioxide Market

by Grade…, Application…, and Region -

Global Forecast To 2021. The increase in

the per capita consumption of pigments

in emerging economies and increasing

demand for TiO2 from the construction

and automotive industries will stimulate

growth in the TiO2 market across the

survey period.

Based on grade (or more chemically,

‘form’), the TiO2 market has been classified

into rutile and anatase. Rutile is the most

stable form. Rutile TiO2 has a higher

refractive index, higher specific gravity,

and greater chemical stability and it better

suits the requirements of key applications

of TiO2. The anatase grade type segment

of the TiO2 market is projected to grow

at the highest CAGR from 2016 to 2021.

Anatase grade titanium dioxide is preferred

in the manufacturing of paper, as it is less

abrasive to the papermaking machinery.

Demand from the anatase segment is

expected to witness high growth rates

during the forecast period because of

the increasing demand for TiO2 in paints

and coatings applications and from the

construction industry.

On a regional basis, the global TiO2

market has been segmented into Asia

Pacific, Europe, North America, Middle

East & Africa, and South America. The

Asia Pacific region is the largest market

for TiO2 across the globe. Growing

populations, coupled with increasing

disposable incomes in the region, are

expected to drive the demand for TiO2 in

the region. Perhaps the most interesting

outcome is that the South American TiO2

market is foreseen as the second-fastest

area of growth on the global playing field,

largely as a result of rapid expansion of its

construction sector.

Paints and coatings uses are projected

to grow at the highest CAGR during the

forecast period. Rapid growth in the

automotive and construction sectors is

expected to fuel the demand in this area of

their use.

Stringent environmental regulations and

volatile raw material prices are the major

factors that might potentially constrain

the growth of the titanium dioxide market.

Some of the key players operating in

the global titanium dioxide market are

Tayca Corporation (Japan), Huntsman

Corporation (USA), Cabot Corp (USA),

The Chemours Company (USA), Tronox

Limited (USA), Kronos Worldwide (USA),

Cristal (Saudi Arabia), Evonik Industries

AG (Germany), Cinkarna Celje (Slovenia),

Lomon Billions (China), and I S K (Japan),

among others.

SIMILAR DRIVERS UNDERPIN SILICONE DEMAND

Worldwide demand for silicones is

forecast to climb by 5.1%/yr up until 2021

to reach a market valued at US$18.3bn,

according to a new report from the

Freedonia Group entitled Global Silicones

Market by Market, Product and Country,

4th Edition. Consumption of silicone-

based consumer goods and construction

materials will rise on the tide of the global

emerging middle class. Rising personal

incomes will pave the way for greater

demand in high-gloss architectural and

automotive coatings; larger and more

comfortable vehicles together with

personal care products are other markets

that will continue to grow. The Asia Pacific

region, in particular, will see above-

average demand gains.

Light trucks and SUVs have long been

popular in the North American vehicle

market but they are now taking off all over

the world, particularly among the rising

middle class of the Asia Pacific region. As

such, these trends toward larger vehicles

will support demand for silicones in the

following applications:

• Elastomers in lightweight, durable

components

• Fluids in high-performance lubricants

• Resins in high-shine coatings

Following on from fragments of the

CASE sector in the guise of elastomers and

coatings above, adhesive uses are also

highlighted as a major area of growth. The

combination of slowing birth-rates globally

In his column this month, Terry Knowles looks at the global TiO2

market and the factors affecting demand for silicones

Prospects for titanium dioxide and silicones


2017The New Ci4400

Weather-Ometer®

1954Xenotest® 150

1927Original Weather-Ometer®

1915Solar Determinator

1977Ci65 Weather-Ometer®

1995Ci4000Weather-Ometer®

Our Latest Milestone.The Atlas Ci4400.For over 100 years, Atlas instruments haverevolutionized the science of weather durabilitytesting. The new Atlas Ci4400 Weather-Ometer® is our most advanced instrument yet- providing easy and effortless operation, unmatched uniformity, increased capacity, and a sleeker design, delivering unparalleled value and performance. With its user-friendly touchscreen interface and ergonomic features, thebest-in-class just got even better. Learn moreabout the new Ci4400 Weather-Ometer atatlas-mts.com.

SECTION REPORT


BUSINESS MATTERS

and longer lifetimes is envisaged as yielding

opportunities in the health and care sector,

such as:

• Elastomers in skin adhesives,

prosthetics and disposables (tubing etc)

• Fluids in pharmaceuticals and personal

care products

• Gels and foams in adhesives and

wound care

Silicone is instrumental in the

manufacture of solar panels and LEDs and

silicone components and lubricants are

also utilised in wind turbines. As a result,

the takeover of renewable energy in the

power generation industry and energy-

efficient lighting in both public and private

spaces will ensure market growth for

silicones into the long term.

Key opportunities in the green energy

segment include:

• Elastomers in wind turbine components

and as encapsulants in vehicle LEDs

• Fluids as lubricants

• Gels as encapsulants

Leading players in this market

include Dow Corning, Wacker Chemie,

Momentive Performance Materials, Shin-

Etsu Chemical, Bluestar Silicones and

Evonik Industries. PPCJ

Author: Terry Knowles, Freelance Writer [email protected]

Report details1. Titanium Dioxide Market by Grade (Rutile,

Anatase), Application (Paints & Coatings,

Pulp & Paper, Plastics, Cosmetics, Ink),

and Region - Global Forecast To 2021 was

published by marketsandmarkets.com in March

2017. A single-user licence for this title costs

US$5650. For more information email sales@

marketsandmarkets.com

2. Global Silicones Market by Market, Product

and Country, 4th Edition was published by the

Freedonia Group in June 2017. A single-user

licence for this study costs US$6500. For more

information email [email protected]

� 10

On-line curing of new vehicles with

plastic components requires coatings that

can be cured at low temperature (80°C) in

order to avoid deformation of the plastics.

This need is driving the development of

coating systems in which all layers can

be cured at low temperature. It can be

difficult, however, to achieve proper colour

matching and uniform levelling across

entire vehicles when using low-temperature

cured coatings, according to Schafer. One

approach to overcoming this challenge

is the use of two-component coating

formulations with decreased curing times

and temperature. Another alternative is to

paint plastic and composite parts rather

than in the assembled body, according

to Clifford.

ACHIEVING A UNIFORM COATING

Another challenge in multi-material vehicles

is achieving a uniform coating across the

entire vehicle due to both differences in the

surface roughness of different materials and

the residual mould lines that occur where

disparate materials are joined together,

according to Eibon. Typically, additional

sanding of the primer and sometimes of

the first clearcoat is necessary, which

requires additional labour and time. The

use of lightweight polymeric materials

with high specific heat values inside

pillars in car bodies can make achieving

full cure of the coatings on these pillars

difficult, according to Jim Pakkala, Senior

Engineering Manager for Paint and Final

Assembly Systems at Durr Systems. Some

of the newer substrates being used also

require reformulation of coatings to ensure

good adhesion with retention of desired

performance properties, according to David

Fischer, Vice President of Market Strategy

and Growth for Axalta Coating Systems.

Application technologies may need to

be modified as well, given that different

capacitances are required to achieve

paint adhesion on the different substrates.

Coatings must also adhere to the adhesives

and sealants used to bond disparate

substrate and withstand any off-gassing

that occurs during curing, according

to Eibon.

All of these issues must be addressed

with cost-effective coating solutions that

provide a high quality appearance and do

not negatively impact the environment.

Coating utilisation and efficiency and

productivity of the application process must

also be considered, according to Pakkala.

Elimination of materials of concern from

automotive coating formulations is also a

priority for coating manufacturers to meet

not only changing regulatory requirements

but also expectations of automotive OEMS,

their customers and non-governmental

organisations, according to Fischer.

Of course, new coatings must also

enable automakers to create the designs,

effects and colour spaces that their

customers are looking for. Two-tone and

dissimilar colour designs, gloss and matte

accent stripes and roof coatings with

different colours, geometric designs or

solar reflectance, for instance, allow for

greater customisation and many car buyers

are willing to pay extra for such premium

colours, according to Eibon.

To achieve these designs currently,

complex manual masking and de-masking

applications are required. Car makers

are, however, working with application

equipment manufacturers to develop

maskless spray techniques. Fisher notes

that improvements in stone chip resistance,

appearance, scratch and mar resistance

and resistance to chemical attack are

desired to reduce warranty claims and

increase customer satisfaction.

PPCJ

Author: Cynthia A Challener, PhD, Principal Consultant, C & M Consulting1325 Center Road, Montpelier VT 05602, USA Tel: +1 802 613 3139 Email: [email protected]





When it comes to Adhesives & Sealants, our application experts support you with a wealth of market knowledge and depth in technical know-how. Our goal is to collaborate with you to develop solutions tailor-made to your needs – because your success is the measure of our know-how. Learn more about Evonik‘s Adhesive Resins at: www.evonik.com/designed-polymers

We design polymers with targeted know-how.Customized Adhesives & Sealants solutions for your bright ideas.

http://www.evonik.com/designed-polymers


POWDER MATTERS

Dear Joe – Water Jet metal cutting uses silica sand (silicon dioxide SiO2). Will this type of silicon

cause adhesion problems and fish eyes? I have adhesion problems around edges of steel that have been cut this way. The flat areas are fine, no issues with cure and adhesion; just the edges the steel cut edges are 10mm thick and peeling off. The metal was washed with hot iron phosphate water solution rinsed, dried and primed before the top coat! It was not rusty and came from the water jet cutter clean and rust free and was powder coated the same day. David Beaver (aka Mr D_Henley)

A. Hi David (or are you really Mr Don

Henley?) – Thank you for your question

regarding abrasive waterjet cutting and its

effect on the surface of metal. It requires

a bit of digging to understand what could

be the cause of the adhesive failures and

fish-eyes in your powder coating. On the

surface (pun intended) what could be a

problem? Water shouldn’t cause an issue

with adhesion or cratering. In addition,

silicon dioxide is inert and is not known to

cause fish-eyes or craters. And you report

that the surface is not corroded when you

apply the powder coatings.

Here’s where I would look for the root

cause and, hopefully, the eventual solution:

dispersion of the SiO2 in the water most

probably requires the use of a surfactant,

otherwise the silicon dioxide would not

mix well into the water and the process

would be ineffective. In addition, the use

of a surfactant to disperse the abrasive

may require a defoamer to minimise

foaming. Surfactants and defoamers are

known to cause adhesion and cratering

issues in powder coatings. The use of a

high pressure stream of abrasive slurry

would only exacerbate the problem by

embedding the surfactant/defoamer into

the steel surface.

I would guess that the surfactant cannot

be eliminated from the slurry. Perhaps

there is an alternate surfactant that doesn’t

cause this problem but I would not expect

this to be the case. Consequently, you

will need to identify a method that can

aggressively remove residual surfactant

on the machined edges. Two paths are

possible: (1) use mechanical means to

abrade the edges (sanding, grinding, etc.)

or (2) use a strong acid to etch the edges.

The mechanical approach is either

labour intensive or costly to automate.

The chemical approach will cost money

and require the handling of a dangerous

material. No easy answers here.

Alternatively. you can consider using a

different cutting technique but you’re

probably also aware that laser cutting

can cause similar adhesive failures for a

different reason.

Good luck digging around for a solution.

Let me know if you have any other ideas

or questions.

Best regards, Joe

Dear Joe Powder – I need to fill some gaps I have in a welded aluminium frame and I was wondering what was the best ‘bondo type’ of filler that wouldn’t outgas too badly and ruin my finished powder coat. I would prefer an epoxy or something that wouldn’t necessarily need a preheat or super long cure time, but I do understand there are trade-offs and I probably won’t be able to find a product that applies to metal, dries and sands smooth and doesn’t outgas. Any product recommendations would be great. Thanks,Matt K

A. Hi Matt – Sorry for the late response,

your query slipped through the cracks.

Your observation regarding fillers is right

on the money. Traditional auto body fillers

based on polyester resin (eg Bondo®) work

fine for room temperature cure applications,

such as refinish paint. They blister and

outgas at elevated temperatures typical for

powder coating cure. There is a solution

however. Alvin Products has a product

called Lab-metal that works well as a high

temperature filler for parts to be powder

coated. (See: http://www.alvinproducts.

com/Product-Line/aT/View/ProductID/3/

Lab-metal) It’s a one-part, aluminium filled

product that is easy to apply. Please note

that they specify that Lab-metal is good to

350°F (177°C). Hence the powder coating

you use will have to cure at a temperature

below that. Low-temperature cure powders

are fairly common so consult your coating

supplier for the powder that’s right for

your application.

Best regards, Joe

Dear Joe – I would like to know why the paint is chipping on these fixtures. Please see the attached photos. Regards,Alex Perez

A. Dear Alex – Thank you for your

message and the photos. From what

you are showing me, these appear to be

outdoor lighting fixtures made from cast

aluminium parts. You haven’t mentioned

how the metal was cleaned or pretreated or

what type of powder coating and process

conditions are being used to apply and

cure the powder. Regardless, it is obvious

PPCJ ’s columnist, Joe Powder, provides answers to readers

questions on aspects of the powder coating process

Ask Joe Powder

Light fitting depicting adhesion loss failure


http://www.alvinproducts

SECTION REPORT


POWDER MATTERS

you have a serious coating adhesion issue.

Here is what I recommend you do:

1. Ensure that the coating is completely

cured. A quick and reasonable test is to

evaluate solvent resistance (ASTM D5402).

This is probably a polyester-based powder

so I would use a blend of 90% Xylene and

10% MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) as the

solvent. Both solvents are readily available

at your local DIY. Follow the test method

using a double thickness cotton cloth

saturated in this solvent blend. No coating

should be transferred after 50 double rubs.

If the coating softens and transfers to the

cloth it is an indication of less than complete

cure. Undercured powders have a tendency

to chip and lose adhesion.

2. If the coating appears to be fully cured,

then measure the film thickness and

perform adhesion tests per ASTM D3359.

You can use a utility knife with a fresh blade

to make the crosshatch described in the

test method. This test will probably correlate

to the failures depicted in the photos. Under

magnification examine the underside of the

film excised from your part. Is this surface

clean or discoloured? If discoloured it

indicates the presence of a contaminant on

the surface of the part. If clean, you may still

have a problem with cleaning/pretreatment.

3. Look at the parts that are currently

being processed. Are they adequately

cleaned in the first step of your cleaning/

pretreatment process? A quick assessment

on cleanliness is the ‘water break’ test.

Does water sheet off the surface after the

cleaning stage or does it bead up? If it

beads up then an oily residue is present

on the surface. Unclean aluminium will

not pretreat sufficiently. Fixing a cleaning

problem may entail increasing the

temperature of your cleaner, adjusting

the pH to be more alkaline, changing the

solution in your system if it has become too

dirty or increasing the time of exposure of

your part to the cleaner. Poor impingement

of the solution could also be a problem.

4. If you are convinced that the cleaning is

adequate, then investigate your rinsing and

pretreatment stages. Do you adequately

remove the cleaner from the surface

prior to the pretreatment step? Is your

rinse water clean? Next determine if your

pretreatment is the right chemistry and the

process is in control. Some failures I see in

the field occur because the pretreatment

chemicals were not suited for the substrate.

Check with your chemical supplier to

ensure that the chemistry is designed for

your specific grade of metal. Too often I

see people trying to pretreat aluminium

with a phosphate material designed for

ferrous metals. Traditional pretreatment

for aluminium entails a chromate process.

Toxicity concerns have led to alternatives

to Presenter chrome that are based

on zirconium, silanes, trivalent chrome

and nano-materials. You must have the

proper pretreatment chemistry to achieve

adequate adhesion.

In summary, first check to ensure that

the powder coating is fully cured then

investigate if the cleaning and pretreatment

processes are suitable for this substrate

and in control.

Good luck with your troubleshooting.

Best regards, Joe Powder

PPCJ



TESTING AND WEATHERING

SAE J2527 (Performance Based

Standard for Accelerated Exposure

of Automotive Exterior Materials

Using A Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc

Apparatus) has been the industry standard

for testing automotive exterior coatings

since its inception in 2004. Since then, the

standard has gone unchanged despite

many of the advances in weathering testing

over the past decade.

In order to better predict how high-

performance materials will perform

outdoors, a revision of this standard is

imperative. Technological advances in the

performance of weathering testers, control

of conditions and general understanding

of the mechanisms of weathering can be

applied to make SAE J2527 a better test

method. These changes do not make the

standard more restrictive and anyone with

a Xenon-Arc chamber capable of meeting

this test method, such as the Q-SUN Xe-

3-HBS from Q-Lab Corporation, will still be

able to run this test (figure 1).A recent ballot has revised this standard,

implementing some changes to reflect

these new advances.

REMOVAL OF REMAINING HARDWARE-SPECIFIC LANGUAGE

Early weathering test methods were often

written around specific test equipment,

rather than specifying the requirements of

a test.

Hardware-based standards tend

to stagnate the development of new

technologies, which is why the industry

is working to ensure the hardware

requirements are removed from industry

standards.

SAE J2527 was designed to be the

performance-based replacement for

SAE J1960, which was a hardware-

specific standard. Even so, some of the

hardware-specific language has lingered

in these standards. The proposed version

of SAE J2527 removes some of the

hardware requirements that were in the

previous edition.

MODERNISATION OF THE STANDARD

In order to make the standard more

repeatable and reproducible, the proposed

SAE J2527 has undergone some

‘modernisation’ to bring it more in line

with other weathering test standards. The

committee reviewed the structure of how

other weathering test methods have been

written and applied those methods to this

standard. While this will not affect how the

test method is run, it will improve the clarity

of the standard and will help labs meet the

requirements set by ISO 17025 auditors.

WATER SPRAY VERIFICATION

SAE J2527 now references ASTM D7869,

a standard that was released in 2013 and

is known as the first weathering standard

that evaluates the amount of water

delivered by a weathering tester. While the

mechanisms of light and heat have been

well known for a while, precise control

of the volume of water delivery had been

largely ignored by Xenon-Arc weathering

test methods until the development of

ASTM D7869. This standard includes a

method of evaluating the amount of water

delivered by weathering testers by using a

‘sponge test’. This two part test ensures

that the sponge is capable of holding

sufficient water and then ensures that

the tester can deliver a minimum amount

of water in order to correspond with the

levels of water absorption experienced by

automotive coatings exposed outdoors in

South Florida. While SAE J2527 doesn’t

require this water verification test, it does

suggest running it to improve reproducibility

between testers running this standard.

POLYSTYRENE TESTING AS OPTIONAL

When SAE J2527 (and SAE J1960)

were originally released, precise control

of weathering test conditions was less

common than it is today. Instead of relying

on the tester to control the conditions, a

polystyrene chip was used as a reference

material and the amount of yellowing it

experienced would tell you if you were

running the test correctly (figure 2). Now

that most Xenon-Arc weathering testers

are capable of controlling the irradiance,

black panel temperature, chamber air

temperature and relative humidity, the need

Mike Richwalsky, Q-Lab, discusses the need for more up-to-date weathering testing in the automotive coatings industry

Testing automotive coatings

Figure 2

Figure 1




for a weathering reference material is less

important than it used to be. It’s still an

important tool for identifying a major issue

with a weathering tester but laboratories

are no longer required to follow the strict

schedule for polystyrene testing that has

existed in previous versions of SAE J2527.

BETTER OPTICAL FILTER SPECIFICATION

One of the biggest factors in Xenon-Arc

testing is deciding which optical filter to

use. These optical filters are designed to

control the wavelength and intensity of the

UV light to which materials are exposed.

Proper specification of these optical filters is

very important when trying to simulate real

world conditions and ensure reproducibility

between different manufacturers’

equipment. In an effort to do so, the

Standard provides more information on

how to specify the filters used in this test.

For users who are already running the test,

the legacy optical filters used still meet

the specification, so they will not need to

replace their existing optical filters.

LOT 9 POLYSTYRENE

In addition to updates to SAE J2527, the

SAE committee is currently working on

certifying a new lot of the polystyrene

weathering reference material. The

current lot of polystyrene is practically

unavailable at the moment, which has

driven investigations.

A new lot of material, designated as

Lot 9, has been put through a round robin

test with more than 10 test laboratories

running SAE J2527 and its interior material

counterpart, SAE J2412, in order to

verify its performance under those test

conditions. The round robin has been

completed and the SAE committee is in

the process of reviewing the data and

establishing performance limits on this new

lot of material. We are hopeful that it will be

approved shortly, so that it can be used in

test laboratories. PPCJ

Author: Mike Richwalsky, Q-Lab Corporation, Ohio, USAWebsite: www.q-lab.com

SD Sealants paves the way for UK’s first ‘super-prison’A leading UK-based sealant

company, SD Sealants, is

working on one of its biggest

projects to date. HMP Berwyn

will be the largest prison in the

UK, with the capacity to hold

2100 inmates and has enlisted

the team at SD Sealants to

assist with the development of

its expansive building.

The facility, which opened its

doors in February, will become

fully operational this autumn and

will comprise of three wings,

each housing 702 men. These

include Bala, which opened in

February, Alwen, which was

set to open in May and Ceiriog,

which was scheduled to take

prisoners in July.

The prison also has new

gyms, five-a-side pitches, a

library and a visiting room with

a play area for children and

has been an elaborate and

extensive project.

The SD Sealants team has

been working on the ancillary

buildings including the college,

health care centre, kitchen,

workshops, multi-faith centre, the

sports block, visitors building and

reception buildings. They have

also been carrying out sealant

work on the house blocks 108A

and 108B, which require help with

floors, furniture and beds.

Mark Wheeler, West

Midlands Contract Manager for

SD, has been overseeing the

sealant work carried out on the

prison for the past 10 months,

and has been impressed by the

high standards and facilities on

offer at the site.

Mark said: “It’s been exciting

to work on such a unique

project and this is definitely

going to be an impressive

building once it’s fully up and

running. The SD team has been

doing a first-rate job so far and

we’re really happy with the

high standard of work being

carried out.”

SD Sealants, which provides

sealant application, cosmetic

repairs and tiling for commercial

businesses, homeowners and

house builders, celebrated

its most successful month of

business this May.

Managing Director of SD

Sealants, Nick Jones, said:

“We couldn’t be happier with

the progress made already this

year. May saw us producing the

highest turnover to date, with

the largest workforce under

our roof and, to top it off, we

also have a number of great

projects like the HMP Berwyn at

Wrexham ongoing.”

Launched in 1973, SD

Sealants and Cosmetic Repairs

originated as a family run

business in Somerset that

specialised in the supply and

application of sealant. Since

then, the business has gone

from strength to strength,

becoming one of the UK’s

largest sealant companies, with

eight offices across England,

Scotland and Wales.

In that time, SD Sealants has

extended its services to include

cosmetic building repairs, and

as of this year, has introduced a

new tiling service to its portfolio.

Nick added: “We are an

ambitious company and we

intend to continue expanding

and taking on exciting new

projects like these as the year

goes on. Wrexham super prison

has been a fantastic opportunity

for us to demonstrate our high

standard of work on such a

unique building and we hope to

partner with Lendlease again in

the future.”


http://www.q-lab.com



Crocking and linear abrasion tests are

applied in a wide range of industries

and are conducted to test a variety

of parameters.

One of the most prevalent tests is

colour fastness to rubbing (crocking),

which is conducted in the textile industry.

This is especially prevalent in automotive

manufacturing as it is very important

that textile materials incorporated in the

interior of the vehicles do not rub colour

on materials, such as the clothing of

passengers. Crocking tests are carried out

with white cotton cloth to test for colour

fastness to rubbing.

In the printing industry linear abrasion

tests are used to test the amount of smear

and smudges on images generated

by copiers or printers. In particular, the

readability of barcodes after wear and tear

is an important parameter and is often

tested with linear abrasion testers.

Mar and scratch resistance is a crucial

property for the polymer topcoats used

in the automotive industry and on coated

wood surfaces of furniture. Mars are

light, shallow surface damages, whereas

medium to severe damages are referred to

as scratches. Linear abrasion testers can

be used here to simulate the wear and tear

of the coating, however, this method is fairly

controversial as microscopic comparison

between real scratches and mars have

quite a different appearance to the results

after crocking (figure 1).Even though the linear abrasion test

may not be an exact reproduction of reality

when it comes to mars and scratches, it

is a reproducible and reliable test method

for coated surfaces. It gives valuable

information on the durability of coatings

and is therefore an accepted and significant

testing procedure. A test series with

different coatings and different abrasive

media would be desirable to establish

comparability to real life conditions.

A variety of linear abrasion testing

instruments is available, from simple

manual construction up to automatic

electronic machines (figures 2 and 3).

STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES

There is a vast number of standards and

procedures for linear abrasion testing,

especially in the automotive industry where

manufacturers often have their own internal

standards and the testing procedures can

vary considerably in detail.

However, the basic procedure is always

the same: An abrasive medium is fixed on a

holder tool, the so-called abrasive cylinder

or friction finger. The cylinder is loaded with

a defined weight and a defined number of

double strokes is then applied to the testing

surface. There are three types of abrasive

cylinders that are commonly used (figures 4 and 5).

When equipped with the same abrasive

agent, the cylinders show different results.

The friction finger types A and B are

suitable for flat samples, as they both have

Ingrid Bloß, Zehntner GmbH Testing Instruments, discusses the applications and limitations of linear abrasion testing

Latest developments in scratch tests

Figure 1. Scanning probe microscope image of a real scratch (left) and a real mar (centre) opposed to a coated surface after linear

abrasion test (right) (Kumar Sinha, 2006)

Figure 2. (left) Manual linear abrasion tester

Figure 3. (above) Automatic linear abrasion

tester with multiple testing lanes (Zehntner)


THICKNESS

Measu

re·

FAST

· REPEATABLE ·

ACCURATE · DURAB

LE

DRY FILM

Halve your DFT inspection times using the Elcometer 456 Coating Thickness Gauge with the Ultra/Scan Probe.

elcometer.com

21 PPCJ - September 2017 www.coatingsgroup.com

YOUR FOAMIS OUR

CHALLENGE!

SILICONI COMMERCIALE SPAVia Francia, 4 - 36053 Gambellara (Vicenza) - ItalyTel. +39 0444 649766 - Fax +39 0444 [email protected] - www.siliconi.it

WE PRODUCE• ANTIFOAMS• HYDROPHOBIC AGENTS• SURFACE ADDITIVES

Defoamers & Deaerators


http://www.siliconi.it




a large flat testing area and, therefore, the

maximal area of the abrasive medium is

in contact with the testing surface. Type

A produces the most uniform abrasion,

whereas the slightly rounded type B causes

the most damage in the centre of the

testing lane, decreasing towards the edges.

Friction finger type C has a semi-circular

bearing surface and only a small part of

the abrasive agent gets in contact with the

surface. This shape is unsuitable for flat

testing samples but gives very good results

on curved surfaces (figure 6).

ABRASIVE MATERIAL

Many materials can be used as abrasives:

cotton cloth, felt pads, emery paper,

paper and many more. Additionally, water,

solvents and/or additional media, such as

abrasive paste or powder can be used.

Table 1 gives an impression of the

diversity of materials and equipment that

may be necessary for the conduction

of linear abrasion tests according to

different standards.

Without going into further detail on all of

these standards, it can be concluded that

linear abrasion tests can be conducted in

many different ways. Competent consultancy

on the suitable equipment is recommended

to achieve meaningful results. The choice of

friction finger, weight and abrasive medium

will influence the test results greatly.

The abrasive material has to be mounted

firmly to the friction fingers so that it is

fixed and cannot shift during the testing

procedure. Trials have shown that the use

of an underlay of felt cloth makes a great

difference on the outcome of the test.

For example, figure 7 shows the

difference between tests with and without

felt cloth underlay on friction finger type A.

It becomes obvious that the use of a

cloth or fleece underlay is crucial. Without

underlay, abrasion is only happening on

the edges of the friction finger, resulting

in an uneven distribution of the damage,

whereas using an underlay of felt results in

a homogenous lane of abrasion.

Just as there are many ways to conduct

the actual linear abrasion test, there are

also several ways of evaluation.

GREY SCALE

For colour fastness tests, the most

common method is visual assessment

by comparison to a defined grey scale.

The assessment should be done

independently by at least two people to

minimise subjectivity.

Under defined lighting (standard

illuminant D65) and on a white background

of 45° inclination the samples are placed

next to the standardised grey scale and

assessed comparatively (figure 8). The disadvantage of visual assessment

is that it depends on the respective

person/s doing the assessment but as it is

the only available option for the testing of

textiles it is important that the evaluation

procedure is observed diligently to get

reproducible results.

GLOSS MEASUREMENT

For linear abrasion tests on hard coated

substrates, gloss or occasionally haze

or brightness measurement is the most

common evaluation method. In the context

of revising the DIN 5567, trials have been

carried out to validate the already specified

gloss measurement evaluation method for

linear abrasion testing.

Coated samples have been subjected to

linear abrasion with two different abrasive

cylinders (friction fingers):

• Sample coating: AkzoNobel Titanium

89232858

• Abrasive agent: P2500

• Underlay: Felt cloth, 1.5mm thickness

• Friction fingers used: Type A, type C

• Applied force (weight): 9N

• Number of double strokes: 10

• Stroke speed: 200mm/s

Figure 4. Abrasive cylinders (friction fingers) schematics as

defined in DIN 55654 / ISO

Figure 5. Real abrasive cylinders types A (II), B (III) and C (I) as

specified in DIN 55654

Figure 6. When equipped with the same abrasive agent, the

cylinders show different results

Figure 7. Result with Friction finger type A, left without underlay,

right with felt cloth underlay

Friction finger type A Friction finger type B Friction finger type C

Abrasive cylinder

Geometry Contact surface to test specimen Testing force

A Cuboid Base surface 22mm x 22mm (22.0 ± 0.5) N

B Cylinder Front surface (Ø 16 mm) (9.0 ± 0.2) N

C Lateral surface (Ø 44mm × 25mm)




Gloss has been measured on the

samples before and after the linear

abrasion procedure. A template for the

correct placement of the gloss meter has

been used to ensure the following:

• The measuring surface of the gloss meter

lies within the (intended) scratch mark and

is located in the centre across the direction

of scratching;

• The measurements are carried out

pairwise in the same position before

and after scratching;

• The gloss measurements can be

carried out in three measuring positions

equally distributed on the (intended)

scratch mark and on each of the ends

an area is spared, which corresponds

to the size of the abrasive cylinder.

Measurements in the starting and

final position lead to incorrect results

(figure 9).Gloss is measured in three spots at

right angle to the stroke direction and the

average value is recorded. For each friction

finger, two sample plates have been used.

The results can be seen in Table 2.

The results show that the values of each

friction finger before and after the linear

abrasion on the two different samples

are very similar. This suggests that the

gloss measurement is indeed a suitable

evaluation method for linear abrasion

testing on hard coated surfaces. More tests

with different coatings are recommended to

substantiate the assumption.

CONCLUSION

Linear abrasion testing is used in

many fields of the industry and can be

considered a valid testing method for

various parameters, such as scratch/

mar resistance, colour fastness,

smearing of print and many more. When

the test is carried out diligently under

defined conditions it is a reliable and

reproducible test.

There is more capability in this testing

method than is exploited today and it leaves

space for more research in many fields.

To name a few, the detailed analysis of the

produced damages as compared to real life

damages could lead to recommendations

for the optimal choice of abrasive material

on different coatings and substrates.

Considering the high innovation rate

in the field of coatings, there is a demand

for flexible testing methods that can be

adapted quickly to innovative coating

properties. The linear abrasion test offers

a lot of potential for further development.

PPCJ

Author: Ingrid Bloß, Zehntner GmbH Testing Instruments, SwitzerlandWebsite: www.zehntner.comZehntner will exhibit at ChinaCoat 2017, stand No A07-08 (booked under its local representative: Precisa International (Shanghai) Co Ltd).

Figure 8. Grey scale assessment of colour

staining of the rubbing cloth after wet rubbing

Table 2. Average values of gloss measurements for two samples

Figure 9. Measuring template as defined in

DIN 55654

Table 1. An impression of the diversity of materials and equipment that may be necessary

for the conduction of linear abrasion tests according to different standards

AATCC Test method 8-2007Colorfastness to crockingACC1344 friction finger B with

diameter 16mm (0.63”)

ACC1346 weight for test force 9N

ACC1353 cotton rubbing cloth

AATCC Gray Scale or AATCC

Chromatic Transference Scale, as

white AATCC textile blotting paper

ASTM D6279Rub Abrasion Mar Resistance of high gloss coatingsACC1344 friction finger B with



Friction pad made of felt or paper,

such as eg: ACC1352 felt cloth

BMW AA-0134Dry scratch resistanceACC1345 friction finger C


Glossmeter

Friction material according to

agreement

To test clear paint:

Sandpaper 3M type „281Q

WetordryTM ProductionTM Polishing

Paper in qualities 9μm.

Based on ASTM F1319Abrasion and smudge resistance of images produced from business copy productsACC1344 friction finger B with


ACC1482 weight 50g

ACC1484 weight 100g


Densitometer in accordance with

ANSI IT2.17

Emery paper

DIN EN 13523-11Resistance to solvents of coil coated metalsACC1344 friction finger B with

diameter 16 mm (0.63“)



(other materials like textiles or felt

washers are allowed, though lead

to other results)

Solvent

EN ISO 105-X12 – testing monochromic textiles and large-scale printsColour fastnessACC1344 friction finger B with

diameter 16 mm (0.63”)



Emery paper and a grey scale for

assessing staining in accordance

with ISO 105-A03.

DIN 55654 with friction finger A (for flat test samples)Scratch test using a linear

abrasion tester

The test load (wear) onto the

coating is uniform over the whole

cuboid in crocking direction.

ACC1315 friction finger A (22mm

x 22mm (0.87” x 0.87”))


Volkswagen PV 3906 (application standard)Rubbing testACC1344 friction finger B with

diameter 16 mm (0.63”)



Grey scale for assessing staining

in accordance with ISO 105-A03

DIN 55654 with friction finger C (for curved test samples)Scratch test using a linear

abrasion tester

The test load (wear) onto the

coating is uniform over the whole

cylinder in crocking direction.

ACC1345 friction finger C


Finger A Finger C

Sample 1 Gloss units before Gloss units after Gloss units before Gloss units after

Position 1 98.0 47.9 96.5 31.3

Position 2 97.4 49.5 97.5 31.3

Position 3 96.6 42.5 97.3 26.9

Average 97.3 46.6 97.1 29.8

Finger A Finger C

Sample 2 Gloss units before Gloss units after Gloss units before Gloss units after

Position 1 96.4 45.6 96.3 27.2

Position 2 96.4 46.2 95.5 25.0

Position 3 96.1 43.3 96.5 22.2

Average 96.3 45.1 96.1 24.8


http://www.zehntner.com

ADDITIVES


The key drivers, challenges and opportunities in the polymer additives market are described

Polymer additives to witness high growth in Middle East and Africa

Plastic goods play an important

role in many day-to-day activities.

These goods are made from

polymers mixed with a complex blend of

materials known as additives. Polymer

additives are low molecular or polymeric,

organic or inorganic substances added

to polymers to improve their strength,

durability and heat sensitivity. They also

enhance processability, performance

and appearance of the polymers. These

additives have widespread applications

in various end-use industries, such as

construction, packaging, automotive,

consumer goods, pharmaceutical,

furniture, sporting goods and agriculture.

Consumption of polymer additives is

increasing with the growth in population, a

rising disposable income and increase in

use of plastics. Europe is the mature market

for polymer additives and is expected to

witness slower growth between 2016 and

2021, while smaller markets such as the

Middle East and Africa (MEA) are expected

to witness high growth during the forecast

period. The high growth in this region, in

particular, is mainly due to an increase

in demand for packaging applications

for food and non-food packaging. Also,

infrastructural development increases

the demand for polymer additives for

construction activities.

Polymer additives are used in polymers

for various applications, such as electronic

goods, panels, packaging films, bottles,

caps, containers, PVC pipes, floor covering,

cables, household goods, toys, automotive

parts, greenhouse films and textile fibres

(Table 1). Various properties of plastics, such as

durability, low cost, resistance to corrosion,

water and chemicals and low thermal

conductivity make it suitable for various

applications. The packaging industry is the

largest consumer of polymer additives. The

major drivers that aid the growth of this

industry are rapid urbanisation, changing

consumer lifestyle, economic trends and

development in packaging material and

technology. The increase in the use of

polymers in heavy and light packaging

materials drives the demand for polymer

additives. The need for different polymer

additives, such as plasticisers, flame

retardant and stabilisers is growing with

the increasing demand for polymers in

packaging materials (Table 2).

KEY DRIVERS

1. Replacement of conventional materials by plastics in many applications: Plastics,

especially engineering plastics,

possess superior abrasion

resistance, chemical resistance,

and mechanical and electrical

properties in comparison to

conventional materials such

as metals, glass, paper and

ceramics. Continuous innovation

and the need for lightweight

material in several applications

are encouraging the replacement

of these conventional materials

by plastics. For instance, in the

automotive sector, the use of

plastics has ensured higher safety,

performance and fuel efficiency.

Seat belts made from durable

strands of polyester fibre have

helped prevent many accidents.

2. Increasing disposable income and rapid urbanisation: The

increasing population in most

of the developing countries is

driving the growth of end-use

industries of polymer additives

such as packaging, construction,

automotive and consumer goods.

A growing population, increasing

disposable income, improving

living standards and the need

for improved infrastructure are

expected to drive the polymer

Type Description

Plasticisers Plasticisers are the most commonly used additive in the plastic industry.

They are soft, viscous, flexible and easy to handle

Stabilisers Stabilisers help in minimising the effect of oxidation in polymers

Flame retardants Flame retardants are additives used to inhibit flames and reduce the

damage caused by fire mishaps

Impact modifiers Impact modifiers are additives that enable plastic products to absorb

shocks and resist impact, without cracking or breaking

Others Other types of polymer additives include anti-microbial, antistatic

agents, blowing agents, fillers and nucleating agents

End-Use Industry Application

Packaging Bottles and tubes, caps and closures, synthetic cork, special films,

containers and drums and transport crates

Construction Profiles and sidings, pipes and fittings, roofing membrane, floor

coverings, wires and electrical component, panels, films, coated fabrics

and wood plastic composite

Consumer goods Appliances, flat panel displays, electrical profiles, personal care

products, carpets, household goods, toys and shoes

Automotive Bumper, car dashboard, interior components, wires and cables

and coatings

Others Textiles, waste containers, green furniture, sports and leisure

and medical

Table 1.

Table 2.


Sponsored by: Organised by:

11 – 12 October 2017 Cairo International Convention and Exhibition Centre, Egypt

MEET THE DECISION MAKERS



ADDITIVES


additives market. Urbanisation is

expected to provide opportunities

for people to move in to tier I and

metro locations. This would create

ample demand for residential units

stock, packaging and automotives,

which in turn will drive plastic

consumption and increase the

demand of polymer additives.

KEY CHALLENGES

Stringent government regulations set for

polymer additives is the major restraint for

the growth of the polymer additives market.

Several new regulations and proposed

bans on the usage of petroleum-based

plastics are expected to affect the sale of

polymer additives. Many scientific studies

have supported the restrictions posed on

polymer additives, such as flame retardants

and plasticisers.

Recycling of non-degradable plastic

waste is another key challenge. Plastic

waste disposal may create concerns,

especially when there is mixed waste

material such as paper, metals and food.

The recycling of non-degradable plastics

is a key challenge in the plastics industry.

For recycling individual polymer such as

polyethylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl

chloride, they need to be segregated as

remoulding different types of polymers may

affect the strength of the end-use product.

To cope with such challenges, an

additive called compatibiliser can be used

to stick different waste plastics materials so

that a reasonable amount of cross-blending

can be accepted. Mixed plastic waste

can be remoulded and used in fencing,

pallets and road markers. Additives are

vital for reprocessing plastic waste, which

would otherwise be buried in a landfill site.

Some additives, such as prodegradant

concentrate (PDC) and totally degradable

plastic additives (TDPA) are used to

manufacture thin plastic shopping bags,

disposable nappies, rubbish bags, landfill

covers and food containers.

KEY OPPORTUNITIES

Emerging markets, such as Asia Pacific and

the MEA have untapped opportunities for

packaging application of polymer additives.

The packaging application is expected

to witness significant growth because of

increasing urban population and demand

for plastic packaging from the food and

beverage industry. In Asia Pacific and

the MEA, the fastest-growing markets for

polymer additives are India, China, Saudi

Arabia and South Africa.

Increasing use of polymer additives

in agriculture also provides growth

opportunities to the manufacturers. Use of

additives in plastic sheets for packaging

applications in the agriculture sector

has been increasing because of benefits

such as preservation of quality of the

agricultural produce and improvement in

crop protection. The important agriculture

applications of plastic films include

greenhouses, tunnels, reservoir and

irrigation, silage and mulching. Additives

such as light stabilisers and UV absorbers

prevent early degradation of agricultural

plastics by making these plastic films and

sheets resistant to sunlight and heat.

POLYMER ADDITIVE MARKET BY REGION

Asia Pacific is the largest and fastest-

growing market for polymer additives

worldwide. Europe accounted for a share of

almost 28% of the global polymer additives

market in 2016. The European market is

mature and is projected to register a lower

CAGR of 2.7% between 2016 and 2021.

On the other hand, the MEA region is

comparatively smaller and accounted for

almost 10% share in the global polymer

additive market in 2016. Although the

market in this region is smaller, it has many

untapped opportunities. Therefore, the

market in the MEA is projected to register

a CAGR of 5.3% between 2016 and 2021

(figure 1). In Europe, countries such as Germany,

Italy and France have the major market

share, followed by the UK and Spain. On

the other hand, in the Middle East & Africa,

Saudi Arabia and Iran account for a major

market share. The consumption of polymer

additives is high in these countries mainly

because of the presence of major end-use

industries such as packaging, automotive,

construction and consumer goods.

CONCLUSION

The demand for polymer additives is

expected to witness high growth in Asia

Pacific and the Middle East and Africa.

Europe and North America are mature

markets and expected to witness lesser

growth between 2016 and 2021. Packaging

is the largest application of polymer

additives and is expected to continue the

trend during forecast period (2016–2021).

The untapped opportunities in emerging

regions such as the Middle East and

Africa and South America are expected to

increase the demand for polymer additives

in the future. PPCJ

Figure 1. Middle East and Africa to be the second fastest-growing market for polymer

additives. Source: secondary research, expert interviews and MarketsandMarkets analysis

Author: MarketsandMarkets. Website: www.marketsandmarkets.com


http://www.marketsandmarkets.com

WATERBORNE COATINGS


Jorge Moniz, Susana Carvalho, Bharat Odedra and David Graham, Resiquímica, discuss their research

into the development of core-shell acrylic lattices suitable for wood, metal and plastic surfaces

Core-shell acrylic polymers for multi-surface coatings

The development of binders for multi-

surface applications is a difficult

task as the adhesion to surfaces of

different energies is not straightforward.

In this work, we have studied acrylic

core-shell lattices suitable for wood, metal

and plastic surfaces that exhibit high

hydrophobicity for exterior applications.

A careful balance of the core and shell

polymers’ composition and a suitable self-

crosslinking system were key parameters

in achieving a low minimum film forming

temperature (MFFT) with excellent blocking

resistance, while keeping a good elasticity.

High performance was thus achieved with

low VOC requirement. The crosslinking

system works in conjunction with wet

adhesion functionality to give excellent

multi-surface adhesion properties.

Additionally, high hydrophobicity was also

given by the use of VeoVa10 monomer.

Interior and exterior construction areas

increasingly require hydrophobic products

in order to reduce water sensitivity to the

coating materials. In particular, bathrooms

require water protection in shower

surroundings before painting or tiling.

Decks, balconies and exterior walls also

require waterproofing.

The development of a waterborne binder

capable of addressing these application

requirements is not straightforward. A

simple sum of crosslinking and adhesion

promoting agents to the main polymer can

lead to severe stability issues or may not be

sufficient in terms of performance.

In this work, we have studied a latex

system based on an acrylic core-shell

approach with a 0ºC MFFT. VeoVa10

monomer was used to impart hydrophobicity.

Wet adhesion and crosslinking monomers

were added for multi-surface adhesion and

blocking resistance.

POLYMER DEVELOPMENT

The development of the required latex

binder started with two VeoVa10 acrylate

core-shell compositions (Table 1). A

moderate hard acrylic core was followed by

a soft shell containing VeoVa10 monomer.

Two different crosslinking mechanisms and

a wet adhesion monomer were distributed

in both stages of the polymerisation.

Both recipes produced products with

0ºC MFFT and adequate particle size and

viscosity. However, these VeoVa10 acrylate

emulsions showed severe grit issues. After

filtration the products still exhibited high

sieve residues. Therefore, manufacturing

conditions and recipes for the polymers

were reviewed and modified. Radical

initiation and residual monomer conversion

were addressed to reduce grit formation. In

addition, different emulsifier systems were

screened to improve particle stability. A

new method was thus tested in formulation

#3 starting with monomer composition

from #1 and several monomer adjustments

were tested in #4 to #6 (Table 2).Results show that the main monomer

composition is also relevant to grit

formation, as only emulsions #3 and #6

show low sieve residue values. These

results should be analysed together with the

corresponding average particle sizes, since

smaller particles tend to cause higher grit.

WOOD STAIN

The improved lattices #3 to #6 were tested

as binders in a wood stain formulation

(Table 3) and compared to a low blocking

pure acrylic core-shell latex.

For this wood application, blocking

resistance is one of most significant

properties to evaluate, in order to check

if the low MFFT compositions are not

detrimental. The results displayed on

figure 1 show that small variations in

monomer composition have strong impact

on the blocking resistance. Lattices #5 and

#6 show clear improvements compared

to the pure acrylic core-shell, however #5

having an MFFT of 10ºC is not an option.

As a further screening test, gloss was

measured as core-shell compositions can

lead to lower gloss levels due to the film

forming process. Figure 2 shows all the

test formulations performed at least at the

same level as the acrylic core-shell control.

The best blocking formulation (#6) was

then chosen for application onto wood

panels and tested in outdoor exposure for

three years. Figure 3 clearly shows the

excellent ageing properties obtained with

#1 #2

Core Tg (ºC) 47 44

Shell Tg (ºC) -7 -1

MFFT (ºC) 0 0

Average particle size (nm) 132 119

Viscosity (mPa.s) 58 66

Solids content (%) 46.6 46.6

Sieve residue (%) 0.020 0.030

Table 1. Data and results for VeoVa10

acrylate core-shell compositions

#3 #4 #5 #6

Core Tg (ºC) 47 50 50 48

Shell Tg (ºC) -7 4 11 -2

MFFT (ºC) 0 0 10 0

Average particle size (nm)

87 73 89 112

Viscosity (mPa.s) 85 147 63 255

Solids content (%) 49.0 47.7 48.3 47.9

Sieve residue (%) 0.006 0.018 0.012 0.0

Table 2. Data and results for grit improved

VeoVa10 acrylate core-shell compositions

Figure 1. Wood stain blocking resistance

for grit improved VeoVa10 Acrylate binders

at 1kg/1h, 23ºC (ISO 4622)


WATERBORNE COATINGS


this VeoVa10 acrylate binder compared to

the pure acrylic control.

BARRIER COATING

Given the good results on blocking

and ageing, latex #6 was tested as a

barrier coating. A suitable formulation

to seal water-permeable substrates was

developed. As can be seen in Table 4, no

dispersant was used so that water sensitive

ingredients are avoided.

Three different methods were used to

assess water barrier properties. First, cyclic

water absorption according to DIN 53495

was measured and the results clearly show

a low water uptake (figure 4). Next, a continuous water absorption test

was carried out where the test sample was

not dried between measurements (figure 5). Again, a much lower water absorption

was obtained.

Finally, a demonstration test on a

plasterboard was performed using the

same barrier coating composition but blue

tinted for easier evaluation (figure 6). After

two barrier coats were applied, plastic

cylinders were stuck to the plasterboard

and filled with tap water. After three

months, no loss of water was observed into

the plasterboard.

HIGH GLOSS COATING

In order to address multi-surface adhesion

properties, latex #6 was evaluated in a high

gloss paint formulation, with a PVC of 18%

and a low VOC requirement (Table 5).The dry and wet pull-off adhesion tests

carried out confirmed the multi-surface

properties of latex #6 (figure 7). Glass and

old alkyd surfaces showed the biggest

improvement compared to the pure acrylic

core-shell. Adhesion to iron and PVC

surfaces was also enhanced. Latex #6

can also improve adhesion performances

under both dry and wet conditions. The

crosslinking system gives highly coherent

films with intimate molecular contact to

surfaces with different energies.

Besides multi-surface adhesion, other

high gloss paint properties were assessed.

The gloss levels obtained were similar to

the pure acrylic control values (figure 8), while the hardness had a lower start but

similar figures after 14 days (figure 9).Blocking resistance needs to be

evaluated. Results shown in figure 10

show the chosen pure acrylic core-shell

has an outstanding blocking resistance but

the VeoVa10 acrylate latex �31

Binder 56.90

Filler (Baryte) 42.65

Thickener (Xynpol AX 200R) 0.40

Defoamer (Xynburst 9615) 0.05

Total 100.00

Adjust to pH9.5 with Xyndisp

4500AD Solids content (%)

70.6

Water 16.12

Dispersing agent (Additol

VXW 6200)

0.64

Biocide (Preventol D-12) 0.20

Defoamer (Agitan E 256) 0.03

Propyleneglycol 2.00

Pigment (Kemira RDI-S) 21.00

NaOH 10% 0.60

Binder 57.00

Thickener (Aquaflow NMS 450) 1.00

Texanol 1.50

Total 100.00

Solids content (%) 50

PVC (%) 18

VOC (%) 2.2

Table 4. Barrier coating formulation

Table 5. High gloss paint formulation

Water 24.65

Wetting agent (Surfynol 104E) 0.25

Defoamer (Xynburst 9615) 0.20

Biocide (Preventol A-14D) 0.20

Thickener (Acrysol RM 825) 0.24

Binder 68.36

Wax 2.30

Pigment (Hostafine Transoxide

Yellow R)

2.30

Pigment (Hostafine Transoxide

Red B)

1.50

Total 100.00

Solids content 35

Table 3. Wood stain formulation

Figure 6. After three months there was no

loss of water into the plasterboard

Figure 7. 18% PVC white paints dry and wet

pull-off adhesion after seven days drying

(ISO 4624)

Figure 5. Barrier coating continuous water

absorption (internal method)

Figure 4. Barrier coating cyclic water

absorption (DIN 53495)

Figure 3. Wood stain outdoor exposure

after three years south facing: left, VeoVa10

acrylate #6. Right, acrylic core-shell

Figure 2. Wood stain gloss levels for grit

improved VeoVa10 acrylate binders (ISO2813)



WATERBORNE COATINGS

T here are various neutralising agents

available to the paint industry. The

most common neutralising agents

on the market are standard products, such

as caustic soda (NaOH) and ammonia or

the multifunctional additive 2-Amino-2-

Methylpropan-1-ol (AMP).

Clariant recently introduced a sugar-

based speciality amine (Glucamine)

developed specifically for use as a

multifunctional performance additive in

eco-friendly, water-based paints. In order

to create a comprehensive assessment

of these neutralising agents, this article

considers environmental, health and

safety aspects with the comparison of

performance characteristics.

HOW SUSTAINABLE ARE NEUTRALISING AGENTS?

Environmental, health and safety attributes

are increasing factors in the selection

of suitable ingredients. To fully assess

a product’s sustainability profile, a

variety of aspects need to be taken into

consideration. Some of them are listed in

Table 1.Due to their hazardous substance

labelling and the VOC/SVOC content,

many common neutralising agents have

limitations when used in a modern and

environmentally conscious formulation.

Moreover, regulatory factors are

important to take into account to ensure

freedom of operation and long-term use of

a raw material.

Matters, such as labelling or VOCs

play an important role, especially in light

of eco-labels. It is no easy task for a paint

formulator to develop a high-quality paint

that fulfills stringent ecolabel criteria. The

VOC/SVOC limits of the German Blue Angel

environmental label, for example, represent

a real challenge. Even by using low VOC/

SVOC ingredients, the formulation might

already exceed the limit of 1g/lit for indoor

paints or 2wt% for lacquers.

In the evaluation of the neutralising

agents’ suitability for ecolabels, glucamine

as a multifunctional neutralising agent stands

out as it is the only one that can be used in

unlimited amount in paints that are certified

Silvia Ziebold and Jörg Rüger, Clariant International, present a comprehensive assessment of the company’s latest speciality amine

Novel sugar-based neutralising agent for ecolabel certified paints

Figure 1. Storage stability – syneresis, sedimentation, pH and viscosity

Table 1. Evaluation of neutralising agents based

on environmental, health and safety aspects



WATERBORNE COATINGS

with the German Blue Angel, Scandinavian

Nordic Swan, French Décret, EU Ecoflower,

US GreenSeal and the Chinese Ten Ring.

Although the renewable content is not yet

a criteria for ecolabels, another advantage

of glucamine is that it consists of up to 75%

glucose and is, therefore, very much in line

with the trend of renewable raw materials.

The multifunctional AMP, on the other

hand, is only allowed to be used at <1%

in lacquers and <0.07% in interior paints

labelled with the Blue Angel.

The standard neutralising agents

present a varied picture. Ammonia cannot

be used at all in indoor paints with the Blue

Angel seal or is limited to <1% for lacquers.

Caustic soda, on the other hand, can be

used in unlimited concentrations for the EU

Ecoflower but is also limited for the Blue

Angel lacquers to <1% and for the Nordic

Swan to <2% due to the labelling.

In addition to the environmental, health

and safety aspects, the performance of

the products was also evaluated. Hereby,

the neutralising agents were formulated

into standard acrylic gloss and semi-gloss

lacquers, both low PVC paints, as well as in

high PVC indoor and outdoor paints, and in

pigment preparations.

Figure 1 depicts the results for the low

PVC acrylic lacquers, as it is here that the

influence of the various neutralising agents

is most pronounced. The influence of the

neutralising agents was studied on both the

liquid paint and on the dried paint film that

was applied.

STORAGE STABILITY

Figure 1 shows that it is possible

to formulate stable paints with all

neutralising agents.

When stored for 28 days at 50°C,

which corresponds to two years’ shelf

life at room temperature in the Central

European climate, none of the lacquers

showed the appearance of syneresis or

more pronounced sedimentation. Likewise,

the pH level remained stable. With regards

to rheology, there are clear differences,

especially in the semi-gloss system.

Immediately after manufacturing

the lacquers, the viscosity remained

nearly the same between the different

neutralisation agents. However, after 28

days warm storage, the viscosity of the

glucamine-containing lacquer increased

only slightly compared to the other

neutralisation agents.

In addition to storage at room

temperature and in heat, frost is a further

factor that can affect paints and, in the

worst case, make them unusable.

To assess the freeze-thaw stability, the

paints were first frozen for 12hrs at -18°C

and then thawed at room temperature for

12hrs. Then it was evaluated whether the

paints were still technically flawless.

Figure 2 shows that both glucamine

and AMP have withstood the maximum

number of five cycles and contributed

additional stabilising properties to the

paints. The coatings with the standard

neutralising agents NaOH and ammonia

were unstable after three cycles.

FLASH RUST

Regarding the drying behaviour on metallic

substrates, the neutralising agents show

different behaviour in the rust formation and

discolouration of the paint.

A 120μm thin wet film was applied

on a metal plate (Q-Panel type S-46)

and then immediately stored at 23°C

and 50% relative humidity for 24hr for

drying. As shown in figures 3 and 4, the

rust film appears as brown rust spots

and the discolouration appears over the

entire paint film. Glucamine showed the

lowest tendency to initiate rust and create

discolouration in the film.

SHIFT OF SHADES IN TINTED SYSTEMS

The effect of the neutralising agents on

colouring was evaluated in order to assess

performance in tinted systems.

Acrylic gloss coatings neutralised with

ammonia tinted in blue, green, red and

black shades were set as a standard and

Figure 4. Rust discolourations

Discolouration rating: 1-5: 1 = no discolouration, 5 = severe discolouration

Figure 5. Shift of shades

Figure 2. Storage stability – frost resistance

Figure 3. Flash rust rating according to ASTM D 610

Flash rust rating 1-5: 1 = no flash rust, 5 = severe flash rust


WATERBORNE COATINGS


compared to the alternatives. Figure 5

shows that the multifunctional neutralising

agents AMP and glucamine demonstrate

a comparable shift of shades in the L and

+b axis for all pigment pastes used and,

therefore, allows these products to be

interchangeable in mixing systems. (Note: a

shift of shade of 0.1–0.2 is not evaluated as

a significant deviation since it is still in the

measurement tolerance.)

PIGMENT COMPATIBILITY

For this test, a standard low VOC emulsion

paint with various neutralising agents

was adjusted to a pH-value of 8.5 and

subsequently tinted with a water-based

iron oxide red pigment paste (3% each).

After the homogenisation using a paint

shaker, the paints were stored for 24hrs;

then 200μm was applied and subjected to a

rub-out test.

As can be seen in figure 6, glucamine

increases the tinting strength in the water-

based paint system by more than 50%.

CONCLUSION

Neutralising agents are only used in small

quantities in water-based paints. However,

their effect is of significant importance. Not

only do they regulate the pH-value, they

also interact with paint ingredients and

influence the stability of the paint during

storage. This article compares the new

glucamine with the most frequently used

neutralising agents available to the paints

and coatings industry – caustic soda,

ammonia and AMP. Glucamine consists of

up to 75% renewable raw materials, does

not require labelling and is VOC/SVOC free.

In assessing the performance

attributes, glucamine as a multifunctional

additive is shown to improve the storage

and freeze-thaw stability, reduce flash-

rust discolouration and enhance the

compatibility with pigments. These

properties can be achieved in low PVC

acrylic paints and high PVC indoor

and outdoor emulsion paints. Such

multifunctionality can help to reduce

the number of components in the paint

formulation and contribute to process and

logistics cost savings. PPCJ

Authors: Jörg Rüger,Global Application Development Manager Paints & Coatings, Business Unit Industrial & Consumer SpecialtiesBased at the Clariant Innovation Center in the industrial park Höchst/Frankfurt, Germany.Email: [email protected]

Silvia ZieboldGlobal Marketing Manager Industrial Applications, Business Unit Industrial & Consumer Specialties Based at Clariant Headquarters in Muttenz, Switzerland. Email: [email protected]: www.clariant.com/genamingluco50Glucamine for paints and coatings features at 2017 tradeshows: Abrafati, October 3-5, Săo Paulo, Brazil; Western Coatings Show, Oct 15-18, Las Vegas, USA; ChinaCoat November 15-17, Shanghai, China.

Figure 6. Pigment compatibility in a water-

based system

Contact Author: Jorge Moniz, Innovation Manager, Resinas Químicas, PortugalEmail: [email protected]: www.resiquimica.pt

� 28 also exhibits a very good

performance, as typical values for standard

acrylics with an average MFFT of ~13ºC

usually present blocking resistances above

300g/cm2. An interesting result was the

low blocking resistance did not imply low

elongation properties (figure 11). The

obtained value of 103% is high enough for

exterior wood applications.

CONCLUSIONS

A VeoVa10 acrylate latex with crosslinking

and wet adhesion functionalities has

been developed.

The performance of the latex was

evaluated in a wood stain, a barrier coat

and a high gloss white paint.

Results compared to a pure acrylic

control show improved adhesion to different

substrates, especially old alkyd and glass.

Excellent water resistance properties

were found in cyclic and continuous water

absorption tests, as well as in a practical

plasterboard impregnation method.

In addition, the core-shell approach

could account for a high blocking

resistance while maintaining gloss levels.

Overall, the results indicate that this

product can be an excellent choice for

interior and exterior coatings in cases

where adhesion and barrier properties

are necessary. PPCJ

Figure 8. 18% PVC white paints gloss levels

Figure 10. 18% PVC white paints blocking

resistance at 1 kg/1h, 23 ºC (ISO 4622)

Figure 9. 18% PVC white paints hardness

levels (ISO 1522)

Figure 11. 18% PVC white paints

elastomeric properties (ASTM D 2370)




http://www.clariant.com/genamingluco50


http://www.resiquimica.pt


ADHESIVES & SEALANTS NEWS

Adhesives for electronicsDelo Industrial Adhesives has developed

a light-curing acrylate with excellent

peel resistance for seal-bonding. Delo

Photobond GB4033 has features that

make it suitable for universal use in

electronic applications.

Designed for service temperatures

ranging from -40°C to +120°C, it is

particularly suited for material joints that

require adhesives not only to be strong but

also flexible and tight. The product provides

very good sealing properties against water,

humidity and dust, as is often required in

the world of consumer electronics.

In addition, an elongation at tear of

400% allows it to equalise tensions to a

large extent. This elasticity contributes

to the good peel resistance on glass and

plastic. Its average peel strength on PEEK,

PC, or PET is 14N/cm compared to 1-3 N/

cm for standard acrylates.

Delo Photobond GB4033 is fluorescent

blue, which is useful for controlling precise

application of the adhesive cures under

both UV and visible light. The low viscous,

one component adhesive is solvent-free

and can be stored at room temperature.

Henkel has produced a range of universal structural bonders that put health and safety at the forefront

Hybrid adhesives for safe performance P

rotecting the workforce and

environment through ever-tightening

health and safety rules has a double

edge: for those whose job it is to evaluate

the suitability of hazard-labelled products

against process needs and company

policy, tougher legislation means a lot

more work.

The quick fix is to select products with

minimal hazard labelling and this is a field

in which Henkel continues to invest heavily.

Not only does its Loctite brand have the

most comprehensive choice of hazard

label-free products in the form of its Health

and Safety range, the company is also

developing adhesive technologies that

are extremely safe to use yet have unique

application benefits too.

The Loctite Universal Structural

Bonders demonstrate how user and

environmental safety can be achieved

without compromising performance. These

products owe many of their attributes to

patented hybrid technology that combines

the qualities of many adhesive technologies

to achieve bond strength, fast fixture speed

and durability.

The hybrid adhesives provide improved

performance on a variety of substrates

and the versatility to solve many more

design, assembly, maintenance and repair

challenges. Structural bonding has become

the joining method of choice for many

companies as it allows different materials to

be combined. It also creates uniform stress

distribution over the bond face, which makes

a significant contribution to the durability and

reliability of the product or system.

The new Loctite HY 4090 provides a

good example of what these qualities mean

to design engineers and its potential to

improve assembly applications, streamline

process steps and bond materials in

applications with difficult requirements.

This adhesive provides exceptional bond

strength of plastic/metal combinations

and on rubber materials. Fast fixturing

reduces assembly time and a robust cure is

quickly achieved even at low temperatures

and when there is a relatively large gap

between substrates.

For those in maintenance and repair,

the new Loctite HY 4070 offers distinct

advantages. It is ideal for engineers seeking

methods to optimise efficiency and reduce

costs while keeping plants running smoothly

and safely. Although suitable for the lion’s

share of applications where a 60 second

fixture is required, it is particularly good

where variable gaps up to 5mm between

mixed substrates are involved.

A variety of different technologies are

available for structural bonding, two-part

methyl methacrylate adhesives (MMA)

epoxies and polyurethanes being the most

common. Each has its strengths but none

have the safety credentials of the Loctite

Universal Structural Bonders formulated

using hybrid technology. This quality makes

them the ideal choice for all general-purpose

bonding applications where health and safety

is of paramount concern.

Wacker expands technical centre in DubaiMunich-based chemicals group Wacker is

strengthening its presence in Middle East

and Africa (MEA) by expanding the service

portfolio of its technical centre in Dubai. The

centre of excellence located at the Dubai

Silicon Oasis (DSO) technology park now

also includes a dedicated laboratory for

polymer dispersions needed as binders for

adhesives and carpet applications. Further,

a laboratory has been established and ISO-

certified for developing and testing silicone

elastomers for growing industries such as

energy and mould making.

The technical centre Dubai now

comprises five laboratories to support

customers in the paints and coatings,

construction, energy mould making,

carpet and adhesives industries. With the

expansion, Wacker is increasing its local

expertise in applications technology, know-

how transfer and service, thereby meeting

its local customers’ needs for high-quality

silicone and polymer products in the

strongly growing markets of the MEA region.

The focus of the new polymers lab is on

providing technical support for formulations

with vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer

(VAE) dispersions to meet the growing local

demands of customers in the carpet and

adhesives industries. VAE dispersions of the

Vinnapas brand are increasingly being used

in place of traditional latexes as binders

for bonding carpet backing, as well as for

high-quality wood glue and water-based

flooring adhesives.

Both labs are equipped with cutting-

edge instrumentation and enable numerous

tests with regard to locally available raw

materials, climatic and environmental

conditions, and regional requirements.

The silicones lab has further been certified

according to the ISO 17025 standard.


CALL FOR PAPERS“7th International Paint, Paint Raw Materials, Construction Chemicals, Adhesives and Raw Materials, Laboratory and Production Equipment Exhibition and Congress” Paintistanbul & Turkcoat 2018 will be held between 20-24 March 2018 in Istanbul.

Paintistanbul & Turkcoat 2018 Congress will take place between March 20 and 21 2018 in InterContinental Istanbul Hotel. On the other hand Paint Schools will be held one day before the start of the Congress, Monday, 19 March 2018.

The Congress will provide a platform for the scientists and professionals from the academia and the coatings industry

to come together and share their experience, establishing bridges between new concepts in science and technology on

the one hand and applications in the industry on the other hand.

Abstracts of the articles and posters to be presented at the Congress should be sent to the Congress Secretariat

[email protected] via e-mail in MS Word format by Friday, 01 December 2017. Abstracts should not exceed

300 words.

The Scientific Committee reserves the right to accept or reject presentations and to decide whether they should be oral

or in the form of posters. The authors will be notified of the Committee’s decisions by Friday, 15 December 2017.

In every Congress we adopt one or more themes which we highlight either in keynote speeches or in presentations by

eminent speakers who are globally identified with the selected themes. Two themes we will highlight in Paintistanbul & Turkcoat 2018 will be innovation and sustainability in our industry.

Presentations must be non-commercial in their outlook; they must instead be focused on scientific and technological

content. The use of trade names and trademarks must be avoided wherever possible. Abstracts and full papers must be

written in English. Optionally Turkish translations can be included.

Kindly observe the following rules in writing the papers which will help us format the Congress USB and/or CD as

uniformly as possible. Full papers should be written in MS Word, with text body 12 pt, headlines 14 pt, Times New Roman

fonts, 1,5 line spacing, 3 cm margins on the sides and at the bottom of the page. Full papers should not exceed 8 A4

pages including the text, illustrations, graphs, pictures, tables and references.

Oral presentations during the Congress will be 25 minutes long and together with 5 minutes long Q&A sessions, the total

period for each talk will be limited to 30 minutes. Poster presentations should be arranged to fit into an area of 70x90

cm and the text should be legible from a distance of 2-3 meters. In case the size of the attachment is too big and creates

difficulties in delivering the mail, please contact the Secretariat for support.

All accepted papers (oral or poster presentations) will be published in the Congress USB and/or CD.

Please visit the Congress website at www.turkcoat-paintistanbul.com for more details.

We are looking forward to see you at Paintistanbul & Turkcoat 2018 Congress in Istanbul between 20-21 March 2018.

Congress Main Subjects Novel Raw Materials Nano Particles and Nano Structures Fundamental Studies on the Mechanisms of

Film Formation, Curing, Aging of Organic Coatings Functional Coatings and Microencapsulation Waterborne Coatings Architectural Paints Automotive Coatings Marine and Protective Coatings Industrial Coatings Adhesives, Sealants and Construction Chemicals Printing Inks Sustainable Technologies and Regulatory Issues Paint Manufacturing Technologies Testing and Analytical Methods

22-24 March 2018Hall 9-10-11-FOYER

EXHIBITION20-21 March 2018CONGRESS

Congress VenueInterContinental Hotel İstanbul is conveniently located in

the Taksim District which is heart of the city. Hotel is

located 20 km from İstanbul Ataturk Airport.

InterContinental IstanbulAddress: Asker Ocağı Cad. No:1 Taksim 34435, İstanbul, Turkey


http://www.turkcoat-paintistanbul.com

SURFACTANTS


Łukasz Toma, PCC Exol SA, discusses the effect of different surfactants on the application properties of polymeric dispersions

Influence of selection of surfactant system on application properties of polymeric dispersions

Emulsion polymerisation is a process

of manufacturing of polymeric

dispersions, including acrylic, vinyl

acetate homo- and copolymers, styrene-

acrylic and EVA, which are commonly

used in the architectural coatings industry.

These products, also known as latexes,

are main components of waterborne paints

and varnishes, which are considered as

environmentally friendly, due to their low

content of VOC.

In the emulsion polymerisation two

phases coexist – aqueous and organic

(monomer) phases. Due to immiscibility

of these two parts, it is necessary to use

surfactants, which allow the monomers

to be emulsified in water. Therefore,

surfactants play an essential role in the

emulsion polymerisation process. Apart

from emulsification of monomers they

help to create reaction loci where the

polymerisation occurs. According to Smith-

Evans-Harkins1, 2 theory the rate of emulsion

polymerisation and amount of particle size

depend on the surfactant concentration.

These relationships are explained by the

following equations:

where Np is amount of polymer particles,

Rp is a rate of polymerisation propagation

and S is a surfactant concentration.

After the process, surfactants create a

layer surrounding the polymer particles,

thus, preventing them from agglomeration.

Depending on the surfactant nature (ionic or

non-ionic) this barrier might operate in either

electrostatic or steric repulsion mode3.

Anionic and non-ionic surfactants are

commonly used in emulsion polymerisation

as emulsifiers and latex stabilisers. Anionic

emulsifiers are often used in combination

with non-ionic surfactants. Due to a

presence of the charge, they create an

electrostatic barrier, which is stronger than

the steric repulsion created by non-ionic

surfactants. Thus, anionic surfactants

provide fine particle size of a latex and

ensure a good polymerisation rate.

However, they are sensitive to a presence of

electrolytes4 and generally are not freeze-

thaw resistant. In order to improve these

properties non-ionic surfactants are used5.

Although surfactants are necessary

to ensure appropriate stability of latex,

they have also a negative influence on

some of the coating properties. Due to

hydrophilic character they decrease the

water resistance of a polymer film, which

contributes to its higher water permeability.

This is a serious problem, especially

in the case of materials dedicated to

protective coatings eg wood varnishes or

anticorrosion enamels. Apart from this,

water resistance surfactants can have

negative effects on adhesion, gloss and

hardness of the coating.

EXPERIMENT

MATERIALSAnionic and nonionic surfactants

produced by PCC Exol were used. A list of

products, with their chemical description is

given below:

1. Anionic surfactantsa) Rosulfan L – sodium lauryl sulfate

b) ABSNa – sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate

c) Sulforokanol L170/1 - Sodium Laureth

Sulfate (SLES) + 1 EO

d) Sulforokanol L270/1 or L225/1 - Sodium

Laureth Sulfate + 2 EO

e) Sulforokanol L327 - Sodium Pareth Sulfate

+ 3 EO

f) Sulforokanol L1230/1 - Sodium Laureth

Sulfate + 12 EO

g) Sulforokanol L3030/1 - Sodium Laureth

Sulfate + 30 EO

h) Sulfosuccinate L3/40 – Disodium Laureth

Sulfosuccinate

i) Sulforsuccinate DOSS - Di(2ethylhexyl)

sulfosuccinic acid, sodium salt

2. Nonionic and amphoteric surfactantsa) Rokanol L30A/65- Alcohols, C12-14 + 30 EO

b) Rokanol L10/80 - Alcohols, C12-14 + 10 EO

c) Rokanol IT12 - Alcohols, C13, branched +

12 EO

d) Rokanol K18 - Alcohols, C16-18 unsaturated

+ 18 EO

e) Rokanol O18 - Alcohols, C16-18 unsaturated

+ 18 EO

f) Rokacet R70 - Castor oil + 70 EO

g) Rokamina K40 – Cocoamidopropyl Betaine,

amphoteric surfactant

The following commercially available

monomers and initiators were used: methyl

methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl

acrylate, butyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic

acid, acrylamide, ammonium persulfate,

Peroxan t-BHP and Bruggolite FF6.

INFLUENCE ON PARTICLE SIZEThe influence of anionic surfactant type on

particle size was evaluated in the MMA/EA

dispersion. Concentration of the surfactant

was adjusted to 1% active on monomer

weight. Composition of the dispersion is

shown in Table 1.

Synthesis of the MMA/EA dispersionsMMA/EA dispersions were synthetised by

seeded polymerisation. After heating of

the initial charge to 85ºC, 10 wt% of the

monomer mixture and the initiator solution

I was added to the reaction vessel. Seed

latex was kept at 85°C for 15min. Aqueous

Anionic and non-ionic surfactants were evaluated in pure-acrylic and low MFFT (0°C)

styrene-acrylic dispersions. Synthesis of dispersions was conducted by seeded

emulsion polymerisation. Two types of pure-acrylic dispersions were synthetised –

conventional and core-shell type, obtained in two-stage emulsion polymerisation. In the

conventional dispersion influence of anionic emulsifier on particle size was evaluated.

In the core-shell type impact of emulsifiers on water-resistance and chemical stability

of dispersion was tested. Non-ionic surfactants were used in low MFFT styrene-acrylic

dispersion in order to evaluate their influence on chemical and freeze-thaw stability of

dispersion. Based on synthetised dispersions, samples of high PVC (75.94%) white

paint were prepared and their wet-scrub resistance (40 cycles) was analysed.


SURFACTANTS


Table 1. Composition of MMA/EA dispersion

Table 2. Composition of the acrylic core-

shell dispersion

Reactor charge Mass [g] pphm [%]

Initial charge

Water

Surfactant

262.76

4.31

61.55

0.3

Initiator solution 1

Water

Ammonium persulfate

12.61

0.36

2.95

0.05

Monomer mixture

Methyl methacrylate

Ethyl acrylate

Acrylic acid

176.67

241.74

6.52

41.58

56.62

1.53

Aqueous mixture

Water

Ammonium persulfate

Surfactant

273.27

1.43

9.98

8.4

0.33

0.7

Chaser

Peroxan BHP-70

Water

Bruggolite FF6

Water

0.13

2.52

0.13

2.52

0.03

0.59

0.03

0.59

pH adjustment

NH4OH solution (25%) 5.58 1.31


Initial charge

Water

Surfactant

103.81

0.84

81.9

0.2

Initiator solution I

Water

Ammonium persulfate

12.05

0.255

9.5

0.2

Pre-emulsion I

Water

Surfactant

Acrylic acid

Methyl methacrylate

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate

23.17

8.16

0.88

32.49

55.32

18.3

1.9

0.7

25.6

43.7

Initiator solution II

Water

Ammonium persulfate

12.05

0.255

9.5

0.2

Pre-emulsion II

Water

Surfactant

Acrylic acid

Methyl methacrylate

Butyl acrylate

10.62

1.55

0.38

33.01

4.61

8.4

0.4

0.3

25.0

3.6

Chaser

Peroxan BHP-70

Water

Bruggolite FF6

Water

0.24

3.00

0.17

3.00

0.1

2.3

0.1

2.3

pH adjustment


mixture and the remaining monomer

mixture were added to the reaction over

three hours. After completion of the feeds,

the reaction mixture was kept at 85ºC for

one hour, than cooled to 55ºC and solutions

of Peroxan and Bruggolite were added

simultaneously over 30min. The final pH

was adjusted with ammonia solution after

cooling to the ambient temperature.

Particle size evaluationParticle size of received dispersions was

determined by dynamic light scattering

(DLS) method using Nicomp apparatus. The

d50

values of the particle size are presented

in figure 1.

The lowest value of d50

particle size

was obtained for dispersions containing

emulsifiers with relatively low molecular mass

– sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkylbenzyl

sulfonate and SLES with low EO content

(Rosulfan L, ABSNa, Sulforokanol L170/1,

L270/1, L327). Increasing the EO content in

the SLES molecule led to a larger particle size

of latex with low concentration of emulsifier.

INFLUENCE ON CHEMICAL STABILITY OF DISPERSION AND WATER PERMEABILITY OF COATINGOne of the most interesting dispersions are

core-shell latexes. Due to the multiphase

structure of polymeric particles it is

possible to obtain latex with low MFFT and

relatively high Tg value6, 7. Thereby, such

dispersions have a potential application

as binders for eg wood varnishes. In our

work we have investigated the influence

of the polyether chain length in the SLES

molecule on water permeability of the

polymer film and chemical stability of core-

shell dispersions with soft core and hard

shell. High molecular (with EO content >10

moles) SLES were compared to ammonium

nonylphenol polyether sulphate with 30

moles EO (NPES +30 EO). Concentration of

the emulsifier was adjusted to 2.5% active

on monomer weight. Composition of the

core-shell latex is shown in Table 2.

Synthesis of the acrylic core-shell dispersionCore-shell acrylic dispersions were

synthetised by two-stage seeded-pre-

emulsion polymerisation. After heating

of the initial charge to 85ºC, 5wt% of the

pre-emulsion I and the initiator solution I

were added to the reaction vessel. Seed

latex was kept at 85ºC for 15min. The

initiator solution II was added over 210min

and the rest of the pre-emulsion I was

added over 150min. After the pre-emulsion

I was completely fed, pre-emulsion II was

charged over 60min. After completion of

the feeds, the reaction mixture was kept at

85ºC for 60min, than cooled to 55ºC and

solutions of Peroxan and Bruggolite were

added simultaneously over 30min. The

pH was adjusted with ammonia solution

after cooling to the ambient temperature.

The measured MFFT value of received

dispersions was approximately 0ºC.

Determination of water uptakeWater permeability was determined by

water uptake test according to PN-EN

927-5. Wood plates (made of spruce wood,

dimensions – 150×70×24mm) were coated

with water resistant lacquer on five sides.

Evaluated dispersions were applied on

the uncoated front side. The plates were

held at ambient temperature for 48hr. After

this time the plates were weighed and

Figure 1. Comparison of d50 particle size of the MMA/

EA dispersions

Figure 2. Comparison of water uptake of the polymer film of the

obtained core-shell dispersions



SURFACTANTS

immersed in distilled water for 72hr and

then weighed once again. Water uptake

was calculated using the following equation:

WU= mw = m

sp–m

dp

S S

Where msp

is mass of soaked plate (after

72hr in water), mdp

is mass of dry plate

(before immersion in water) and S is surface

area of front side of plate [m2]

Comparison of water uptake of received

dispersions is shown in figure 2.

The length of a polyether chain in SLES

molecule, especially in range of 2 – 12moles

of EO, has a strong influence on the water

permeability of a polymer film. Better water-

resistance was obtained for SLES with EO

content higher than 10moles (Sulforokanol

l230/1A and Sulforokanol L3030/1A).

Interestingly, there was only a slight

difference between 12 and 30moles of EO.

High molecular SLES gave similar results as

highly-ethoxylated nonylphenol sulfate.

Chemical stability Chemical stability of the core-shell

dispersions was determined by exposure

to CaCl2 solutions. To 5ml of the CaCl

2

solution, with varied concentration (in

range of 1.5% - 20%) two droplets of

evaluated dispersion were added. For each

concentration samples were evaluated for

the presence of coagulum. Results are

shown in Table 3.

The increase in polyether chain length

clearly contributes to better stability of

the dispersion in presence of electrolytes.

Therefore, SLES-based surfactants with EO

content higher than 10moles have similar

properties as the mixture of anonic and

nonionic surfactants.

INFLUENCE OF NONIONIC SURFACTANT ON DISPERSION PROPERTIESThe influence of nonionic surfactants

on chemical stability of the low-MFFT

(0°C) styrene-acrylic (S/BA) dispersions

dedicated for low-VOC architectural

coatings was evaluated. Samples of highly

filled (PVC=75%) white indoor paints were

prepared using synthetised dispersions.

Their wet-scrub resistance was measured

and analysed. In these tests the nonionic,

non-APEO surfactants were compared with

nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs). Additionally,

the influence of the addition of surfactants

on freeze-thaw stability of commercially

available latex was analysed. Concentration

of the anionic and nonionic emulsifier

in the low MFFT S/BA was adjusted to

1% and 1.4% active on monomer weight

respectively. Composition of the low-MFFT

S/BA dispersion is shown in Table 4.

Synthesis of the low MFFT styrene-acrylic dispersions Low MFFT styrene-acrylic dispersions

were synthetised by seeded pre-emulsion

polymerisation. After heating of the initial

charge to 85ºC, 7wt% of the pre-emulsion

and the initiator solution I were added to

the reaction vessel. Seed latex was kept

at 85°C for 15min. Initiator solution II and

the remaining pre-emulsion were added

simultaneously to the reaction mixture over

240min. After completion of the feeds,

the reaction mixture was kept at 85ºC for

90min, than cooled to 55°C and solutions

of Peroxan and Bruggolite were added

simultaneously over 30min. The pH was

adjusted with ammonia solution after

cooling to the ambient temperature.

Chemical stabilityChemical stability was determined in the

same manner as described previously.

Results are shown in Table 5.

The high ethoxylated lauryl alcohol

(Rokanol L30A/65) provides a very good

resistance against presence of electrolyte,

comparable to high ethoxyladed nonylphenol.

For nonionic surfactants with lower content

of EO (Rokanol L10/80, Rokanol IT12) the

stability was worse but comparable with

lower ethoxylated nonylphenol.

Wet-scrub resistance of white matte paintWet-scrub resistance was determined

according to PN- ISO-11998. The test

was conducted for samples of high PVC

(75%) white interior paints, containing

synthetised dispersions (8wt%). The paints

were coated on PVC foil by automatic film

applicator (300μm gap size, 12.5mm/sec

speed). After 28 days of conditioning in

ambient temperature the thickness loss

was analysed (after 40 cycles of wet-srub).

Results are shown in Table 6.

The lowest value of thickness loss was

obtained for the highly ethoxylated lauryl

alcohol (Rokanol L30A/65). The result was

better than in the case of nonylphenols. A

lower degree of ethoxylation in lauryl alcohol

contributes to lower wet-scrub resistance of

the paint film.

Freeze-thaw stability of commercial SA latexTo the commercial styrene-acrylic latex

(containing only anionic emulsifier) 1%wt of

surfactant was added and initial viscosity

was measured. The sample, containing

emulsifier, was kept at -20°C for 16hr.

After 8hr thawing in ambient temperature

viscosity of the sample was measured. The

procedure was repeated four times. The

results are presented in figure 3.

Without additive latex coagulated

after the first cycle. Addition of nonionic

surfactant made the dispersion more

resistant to freeze-thaw cycles. In the case

of nonionic surfactants the best results were

obtained for lauryl alcohol with 30moles

of EO (Rokanol L30A/65). Interestingly,

even better performance was exhibited by

cocoamidopropyl betaine (Rokamina K40),

which is an amphoteric surfactant.CaCL2 conc

Sulforokanol L225/1

Sulforokanol L1230/1A

Sulforokanol L3030/1A

NPES (30EO)

1.5% + + + +

2.5% – + + +

5% – + + +

10% – + + +

20% – – + +

CaCL2 conc

Rokanol L10/80

Rokanol IT12

Rokanol L3065/1A

NPE + 10EO

NPE + 22EO

10% + + + + +

20% – – + – +

30% – – + – +

Rokanol L10/80

Rokanol L3065/1A

NPE + 10EO

NPE + 22EO

Thickness

loss [μm]

73.72 46.08 59.50 51.98

Table 3. The chemical stability of received

core-shell dispersions

Table 6.

Table 5. Chemical stability of synthetised

S/BA dispersions

Table 4. Composition of the low-MFFT

S/BA dispersion


Initial charge

Water 262.68 54.55

Initiator solution I

Water

Ammonium persulfate

3.95

0.25

0.82

0.05

Pre-emulsion

Water

Nonionic surfactant

Sulfosuccinate L3/40

Styrene

Butyl acrylate

Acrylamide

Acrylic acid

164.17

8.41

11.98

190.44

279.09

7.22

4.79

34.09

1.4

1.0

39.55

57.95

1.5

1.0

Initiator solution II

Water

Ammonium persulfate

35.52

2.28

7.38

0.47

Chaser

Peroxan BHP-70

Water

Bruggolite FF6

Water

0.66

8.17

0.47

8.17

0.14

1.7

0.1

1.7

pH adjustment



37 APCJ • September 2017www.coatingsgroup.com

SURFACTANTS

CONCLUSIONS

Several anionic and nonionic surfactants

were tested in different dispersions.

Results of the tests show that parts of the

dispersion’s properties can be adjusted

by appropriate selection of a surfactant

system. Anionic surfactants with relatively

low molecular mass ensured fine polymer

particles, even at low concentration. Higher

content of ethylene oxide (EO) in the SLES

molecule provided better water resistance

of the acrylic core-shell dispersion.

In the case of nonionic surfactants,

highly ethoxylated (30 EO) lauryl alcohol

gave the best results for chemical stability

of dispersion and wet-scrub resistance of

the highly filled paint. Nonionic surfactants

can be added as a post-additive (after

polymerisation) as well, in order to enhance

some of the dispersion parameters.

In the case of additives for improving

freeze-thaw stability the best performance

was shown by cocoamidopropyl betaine

(amphoteric surfactant).

PPCJ

Author: Łukasz TomaR&D Specialist. PCC Exol SAul. Sienkiewicza 456-120, Brzeg DolnyPolandEmail: [email protected] Website: www.pcc-exol.pl

References1. Harkins, W D. J Am Chem Soc 1947, 69, 1428.

2. Smith, W V; Ewart, R W J. Chem Phys 1948,

16, 592.

3. Showell M S. Handbook of Detergents; Part

D: Formulation, 2006, rozdział 14: Polotti, G.

Surfactant Formulations in Polymeryzation.

4. Oetwill, H; Shaw, J N. Discuss Faraday Soc

1966, 42, 154.

5. Ono, H; Elki, J; Fujli, A J. Chem Phys 1975, 79,

2020.

6. Chen, L; Wu, F; Zhuang, X; Yang, J; Li, R;

Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-

mater. Sci Ed 2008, 23, 65.

7. Schuler, B; Baumstark, R; Kirsch, S; Pfau, A;

Sandor, M; Zosel, A. Progr Org Coat. 2000,

40, 139.

Figure 3. Comparison of freeze-thaw stability

This paper was presented at the Advances in Coatings Technology-ACT’16 conference, organised by the Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Paint and Plastics Department, Poland, October 2016.



http://www.pcc-exol.pl

SheenColorTouch-UpLow/

No VOC

Drying Time/Open Time

Anti- Foaming

Anti- Spattering

Flow & Leveling

Hiding

Resistance to Peeling

Moisture Resistance

Resistance to Cracking

Chemical Resistance

Burnish Resistance

Block Resistance

Scrub Resistance

Blister Resistance

Stain Resistance

Moisture Resistance

Dirt Resistance

Cleanability

Resistance to Fading

Resistant to Yellowing

Resistance to Chalking

Mildew Resistance

Thermal Insulating/

ConductingOtherAnti-Bacterial

Solar

Color Changing

Anti- Formaldehyde

Sound Electrical Conductivity

Thermal Sensing

What Matters to Consumers and Building Owners

What Matters to Painters

Application & Appearance

Film Integrity

Appearance Retention

Functionality

Ti-PureTM is a brand of The Chemours Company

Quality. Preferred by painters and consumers everywhere.Our Ti-Pure™ experts at Chemours measure paint quality by looking at the attributes that matter most to painters, building owners, and consumers. We then work with our partners to create high quality coatings, optimized for the markets where they operate. Because quality matters.

Learn more at tipure.com/paintstudy

Learn more about our approach to high quality.


BUYERS’ GUIDE

Company Grade

ISO

59

1 C

lass

TiO

2 %

Su

rface

tr

eatm

en

t

Oil

ab

sorp

tion

Den

sity

Main properties Recommended uses/Main applications

CHEMOURS Ti-Pure™ R-706 R2 94 Al, Si* 13.9~ 4.0 High gloss, easy wet-in, excellent durability, good hiding, excellent dispersibility blue undertone.

Exterior architectural, durable industrial (coil and powder coatings), automotive top coats.

Ti-Pure™ R-900 R2 94 Al 15.2~ 4.0 Good gloss, high hiding power and excellent dispersibility.

Interior architectural, non-durable industrial, can coil coatings, e-coat.

Ti-Pure™ R-902+

R2 94 Al, Si,* 16.2~ 4.0 Excellent balance of chalk resistance, hiding and gloss with outstanding dispersion performance.

Architectural, industrial & powder coatings with moderate durability requirements.

Ti-Pure™ R-960 R2 90 Al, Si 18.7~ 3.9 Outstanding exterior durability: excellent gloss & colour retention and chalk resistance.

Premium grade for superdurable industrial, OEM, Refinish, Aerospace, powder and speciality coatings.

Ti-Pure™ Select TS-6200

R2 93 Al, Si,* 16~ 4.0 Outstanding exterior durability: excellent gloss & colour retention, high gloss, good hiding, super processability - all in one premium pigment.

Premium grade for superdurable industrial, OEM, Refinish, Aerospace, powder and speciality coatings.

Ti-Pure™ Select TS-6300

R3 82 Al, Si 37~ 3.7 Maximum hiding power and exceptional brightness in high quality flat paints.

Premium grade for next generation premium interior architectural paints offered in selected markets as Ti-Pure™ One Coat Systems Solution. Recommended grade for flat/laminated inks.

CINKARNA CELJE

RC 82 R2 94 Al, Si 20 4.0 Good light and weather resistance, high whiteness, hiding power, dispersibility.

Industrial, decorative, road marking paints, inks and powder coatings.

RC 84 R3 88 Al, Si 25 3.7 Better optical properties in aqueous systems by higher PVC range.

Highly pigmented emulsion paints, flat ceiling and wall paints.

RC 86 R3 80 Al, Si 38 3.5 High hiding power in high PVC formulations. Emulsion paints, flat coatings, wallpaper and printing inks, paper coatings.

RC 813 R2 93 Al* 19 4.0 Excellent dispersibility, high gloss, tinting strength and good hiding power.

Decorative paints, industrial paints, wood finishes especially for interior use.

RC 818 R2 96 Al* 18 3.7 Micronised hydrophobic grade with good dispersibility. Masterbatches and indoor plastics.

RC 823 R2 94 Al, Si* 20 4.1 Good light and weather stability, good gloss in solvent-based systems, good optical properties, good dispersibility.

Industrial paints, gloss emulsion paints, printing inks, masterbatches, house paints and primers.

RC 833 R2 94 Al, Zr* 19 4.1 Multi-purpose pigment with high durability, weather and light resistance, good gloss.

Interior and exterior architectural paints, alkyd paints and powder coatings.

CCA 100 AS Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension with

photocatalytic properties, with acidic pH.Degradation of organic pollutants and for easy to clean surfaces.

CCA 100 BS Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension

with high photocatalytic properties for the outdoor applications.

Degradation of organic pollutants, DeNOx, purification of air and water (concrete, coatings, roof tiles, concrete tiles).

CCR 200 N Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension with

improved photocatalytic properties in UV and visible light spectrum.

Indoor and outdoor applications, degradation of organic pollutants, DeNOx, purification of air and water (concrete products, coatings, roof tiles).

CCR 220 Mn Al Waterborne doped ultrafine rutile TiO2 suspension

for long term UV protection with enhanced weather resistance.

UV absorber for long term protection for industrial and wood coatings.

CCR 150 Al, Fe Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension with

excellent UV protection.Water-based wood lazures, industrial coatings.

CCR 200 Mn Waterborne doped ultrafine TiO2 suspension for

UV protection with good transparency.UV protecting cosmetic products.

* Organically treated

** Information not available

This review of titanium dioxide grades will help you find the right product for your formulation. The guide includes light coloured grades for coloured coatings but does not include transparent grades

Titanium dioxideTitanium dioxide buyers’ guide

Sponsored bywww.kronostio2.com

As measured by Chemours Titanium Technologies T4400.010.06.WPhttps://www.chemours.com/Titanium_Technologies/en_US/tech_info/test_methods/Determination_of_Oil_Absorption.pdf


http://www.kronostio2.com

https://www.chemours.com/Titanium_Technologies/en_US/tech_info/test_methods/Determination_of_Oil_Absorption.pdf


BUYERS’ GUIDE

Company Grade

ISO

59

1 C

lass

TiO

2 %

Su

rface

tr

eatm

en

t

Oil

ab

sorp

tion

Den

sity


CCR 110 Si Waterborne ultrafine TiO2 suspension for UV

protection with good transparency.UV protecting cosmetic products.

CRISTAL TiONA® 113 R3 87 Al, Si* 38 3.9 Maximum dry hide in high PVC paints. Flat decorative paints for walls and ceilings.

TiONA® 121 R2 94 Al, Si* 20 4.0 Multi-purpose product with good optical properties and durability.

Exterior decorative and industrial coatings except those requiring a high level of durability.

TiONA® 122 R2 92 Al, Si* 21 4.0 A pigment providing very high durability and good optical properties.

Solvent- and water-based industrial applications and powder coatings where durability is required.

TiONA® 128 R2 95 Al, Zr* 18 4.1 A universal product with excellent optical properties and good durability.

Interior and exterior decorative coatings; some industrial coatings – refinish, powder, marine.

TiONA® 595 R2 95 Al, Zr* 19 4.1 High gloss, multi-purpose pigment. Excellent opacity, gloss, durability and colour stability.

Interior and exterior decorative and industrial coatings; refinish, powder and marine coatings.

TiONA® 696 R2 92 Al, Si* 21 4.1 A super-durable product combined with high opacity and gloss. Excellent chalk retention.

Exterior industrial applications including coil, powder, automotive, marine and protective coatings.

TiKON™ TR-33 R2 94 Al, Zr* 21g/ 100g

4.1 Provides exceptional dispersion in both water and solvent based systems giving good opacity, high whiteness and moderate durability.

General purpose coatings pigment for can coatings, powder coatings, general industrial coatings, architectural coatings, rubber and plastisols.

TiKON™ TR-35 R2 94 Al, Zr* 21g/ 100g

4.1 Combines good opacity, high whiteness, easy wetting and dispersion.

Designed for use as a general product for interior water and solvent-based coatings.

CristalACTiV™ PC500

N/A ~85 None N/A N/A High surface area and high purity ultrafine TiO2

powder, having low sulphate content. Photocatalytic applications • Self-cleaning; • De-pollution; • De-odourising.

CristalACTiV™ S5-300B

N/A ~18 None N/A ~1.1 Stable aqueous alkaline dispersion (sol) of ultrafine TiO

2 particles.

Photocatalytic applications • Self-cleaning; • De-pollution; • De-odourising.

CristalACTiV™ PC-S7

N/A ~10 None N/A ~1.1 Stable aqueous dispersion (sol) of ultrafine TiO2

particles with high surface area (dry) and neutral moderately alkaline pH.

Can be used as a surface treatment for de-pollution and self-cleaning on many types of substrates, as well as a component of coatings formulations.

GRUPA AZOTY ZAKLADY CHEMICZNE POLICE SA

Tytanpol R-001 R2 95 Al* 21 4.1 Good optical properties, easily dispersed and durable to weathering conditions.

Broad application; decorative paints printing inks and industrial coatings.

Tytanpol R-002 R2 92 Al* 23 4.0 Good optical properties, easily dispersed and durable to weathering conditions.

High gloss paints, printing inks, stoving enamels, lacquers.

Tytanpol R-003 R2 94 Al, Zr* 21 4.1 Good optical properties, easily dispersed and higher resistance to weathering conditions (low chalking).

Multi-purpose pigment, industrial and decorative paints (interior and exterior) powder coatings, plastic, paper.

Tytanpol R-210 R2 94 Al, Si* 24 4.0 Good optical properties, easily dispersed and highly durable to weathering conditions.

Broad applications: coatings, interior and exterior paints, plastics.

Tytanpol R-211 R2 92 Al, Si* 28 3.9 Good optical properties, easily dispersed and highly durable to weathering conditions.

Semi-matte and matte applications, interior and exterior paints.

Tytanpol R-213 R3 82 Al, Si* 35 3.7 Excellent hiding power, dry hiding effect, high whiteness, readily dispersible, resistant to weathering conditions.

Paints of high PVC – matte and silky gloss, paper, leather.

Tytanpol R-220 R2 92 Al, Si* 25 3,9 A chalk resistant pigment with high colour and gloss retention.

Particularly recommended to polyvinyl chloride (flexible and rigid), engineering plastics and moderate filled masterbatches.

Tytanpol RS R1 98 Al* 18 4.1 Good optical properties, does not cause lacing in plastic films, easy wetting and dispersing in polymer matrix.

Masterbatches and broad palette of plastics, rubber.

Tytanpol R-310 R3 88 Al* 21 3.8 Good optical properties and dispersibility. Photostable.

Laminated paper, decorative paper and thermosetting plastics.







BUYERS’ GUIDE

Company Grade

ISO

59

1 C

lass

TiO

2 %

Su

rface

tr

eatm

en

t

Oil

ab

sorp

tion

Den

sity


KRONOS KRONOS 2043 R3 84.0 Al, Si 35 3.7 High brightness and warm white tone combined with excellent opacity in heavily filled paints, good dispersibility.

High PVC emulsion paints and inks.

KRONOS 2044 R3 82.0 Al, Si 41 3.6 High brightness and neutral tone, maximum opacity in heavily filled paints.

High PVC emulsion paints, matte flexographic inks and paper coatings.

KRONOS 2047 R3 88.0 Al, Si 27 3.8 High brightness and neutral tone, improves wet and dry opacity.

Heavily filled systems, such as paper coatings, matte emulsion paints and lamination printing inks.

KRONOS 2056 R2 94.0 Al, Si 21 4.1 Warm white tone combined with good opacity, good weather durability.

Air-drying coatings, silicate paints, plasters, silicone resin paints and impregnating baths for laminates.

KRONOS 2066 R2 95.0 AI 17 4.1 Excellent opacity and dispersibility, high gloss and low abrasivity, is in compliance as a colourant for Indirect Food Contact (FDA 21 CFR.178.3297).

High gloss printing inks, can coating, interior industrial coatings and wood finishes.

KRONOS 2360 R2 92 Al, Si 19 4.1 Highest weathering durability, excellent optical properties, as well as very good dispersibility.

Exterior heavy duty applications, automotive, marine, coil and powder coatings.

KRONOS 2090 R2 95.0 AI 18 4.1 High opacity and gloss, easy to disperse. Universal pigment for interior applications, such as powder coatings, industrial coatings and architectural coatings.

KRONOS 2101 R2 92.0 Al, Si 20 4.0 Good brightness, tinting strength and opacity, neutral tone.

General-purpose pigment for architectural coatings and interior powder coatings.

KRONOS 2160 R2 90.5 Al, Si 18 3.9 Very good opacity combined with superior weather resistance performance.

OEM, refinish and aerospace coatings, industrial and powder coatings.

KRONOS 2190 R2 94.0 Al, Zr 18 4.1 Superior dispersibility combined with high tinting strength and opacity, high gloss, low haze and good weather durability.

Universal pigment for architectural coatings and industrial paints.

KRONOS 2300 R2 94.0 AI 17 4.1 Good dispersibility, high opacity and brightness, clean tone.

Decorative and wood coatings, packaging and industrial paints.

KRONOS 2310 R2 92.5 Al, Si, Zr

17 4.0 Very good weather durability, opacity and dispersibility, clean tone.

All-round pigment for high-end applications, such as refinish and marine paints, coil coatings, protective and powder coatings.

KRONOS 2360 R2 92.0 Al, Si 19 3.9 Highest weather durability and brightness, neutral tone, outstanding opacity, good dispersibility.

Premium universal grade for eg exterior heavy duty applications, automotive, marine, coil and powder coatings.

KRONOS 2800 R3 89.0 AI 22 3.8 Excellent opacity and retention, high brightness and neutral tone, superior UV greying resistance and non-yellowing temperature stability.

Laminated paper and decor foils.

KRONOCLEAN 7000 visible light photocatalyst

N/A >87.5 None 67 2.9 Ultra-fine TiO2 with no pigmentary properties for

the photocatalytic degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants.

Optimised for high indoor photoactivity in coatings, plastic films, window profiles, fibres, for self cleaning of surfaces, reduction of pollutions of air and water.

KRONOCLEAN 7050 UV-light photocatalyst

N/A 85.0 None 61 2.9 Ultra-fine TiO2 with no pigmentary properties. Optimised for photoactivity in UV

radiation, for self-cleaning of surfaces, concrete, roofing concrete, roofing tiles, plastic films etc.

PRECHEZA Pretiox AV01SF A1 99 – 20 3.9 Super-fine milled grade, high brightness. Interior air drying paints, primers, paper coatings and paper pulp.

Pretiox AV01FG A1 99 – 20 3.9 Pure anatase Food/Pharma Grade (E-171, FDA, PhEur, JP, USP, Kosher, Halal).

Foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cigarette paper, pet food.

Pretiox AVSLslurry

A1 65 –* – 1.9 High concentrated anatase pigment good dispersibility, 66% solid content.

Waterborne interior wall paints, coating pigment in paper industry.

Pretiox CG11 A1 99 24 3.9 Super-fine milled semi-pigmentary TiO2 with UV-

light photocatalytic properties.Inert constituent for addition into cement, fresh concrete and paste-plasters based on silicates.







BUYERS’ GUIDE

Company Grade

ISO

59

1 C

lass

TiO

2 %

Su

rface

tr

eatm

en

t

Oil

ab

sorp

tion

Den

sity


Pretiox CG100 N/A >92 – 47 Super-fine no pigmentary anatase TiO2, for

catalytic preparations.Addition into cement, fresh concrete and paste-plasters based on silicates. For photocatalytic functional paints.

Pretiox CG300 N/A >87 – Super-fine no pigmentary anatase TiO2, UV-light

photocatalytic grade. Preparation of Claus catalyst, ceramic pigments preparation, photocatalytic application.

Pretiox PK20A N/A >92 – Super-fine no pigmentary anatase TiO2, UV-light

photocatalytic grade. Addition into cement, fresh concrete and paste-plasters based on silicates.

Pretiox R200M R1 99 * 16 4.2 Micronised grade, inorganic untreated. Primers, solvent-based road marking paints.

Pretiox R200P R1 99 * 16 4.2 Micronised grade, inorganic untreated grade with high opacity and good dispersion.

Masterbatches, floor coverings, thermoplastic road marking.

Pretiox RGX R1 98 Al* ** 4.2 Micronised hydrophobic grade. Plastics, pigment concentrates.

Pretiox RG18P R2 94 Al, SI* ** 4.0 Special hydrophobic grade with excellent weathering resistance.

Engineering plastics, masterbatches powder coatings.

Pretiox RGLP2 R2 91 Al, Si* – 4.0 Micronised high durable grade. Laminated paper production.

Pretiox RGU R2 95 Al, Si* 20 4.1 Multi-purpose micronised grade with good tint-reducing power.

Industrial solvent paints, decorative paint, paper coatings.

Pretiox RGZW R2 95 Ai, Zr* 20 4.1 Micronised, high durable and good dispersed hydrophilic grade.

High quality waterborne paints, powder coatings.

Pretiox UVS30 N/A 90 Al, Si – 3.9 Ultra-fine rutile grade with excellent UV absorption. Sun protection creams and lotions with high SPF, lipsticks and make-up.

TOR SPECIALTYMINERALS

Hitox R2 95 23 4.1 Cost-effective buff TiO2 (rutile) pigment for

partial replacement of white TiO2 and other prime

pigments. Easily dispersed.

Interior and exterior paints, powder, solvent waterborne coatings.

Hitox Gray R2 91 24 4.1 Cost-effective gray TiO2 (rutile) pigment content

partial replacement of white TiO2 and other prime

pigments. Easily dispersed.

Interior and exterior paints, powder, solvent waterborne coatings.

Tioprem 250 Beige

R2 95 ** 23 4.1 Beige TiO2 (rutile) pigment, heat stable to 250°C

with good gloss and opacity. Easily dispersed.Powder coatings.

Tioprem 250 Gray

R2 91 ** 24 4.1 Gray TiO2 (rutile) pigment, heat stable to 250°C

with good gloss and opacity. Easily dispersed.Powder coatings.

TRONOX CR-813 R3 87 Al, Si* 37 3.7 Outstanding brightness, high tinting strength and opacity in both water- and solvent-based flat finishes.

Water- and solvent-based flat architectural coatings. Low gloss flexographic inks.

CR-822 R2 93 Al, Si* 19 4.0 Combines high durability, gloss retention and chalk resistance in exterior applications with excellent optical properties.

Interior and exterior industrial coatings. Powder coatings, coil and marine finishes. Solvent- and water-based coatings.

CR-826 R2 93 Al, Si* 18 4.0 Universal product combining very high durability, gloss retention and chalk resistance in exterior applications with excellent optical performance.

Industrial coatings. Interior and exterior architectural coatings. Powder coatings. Coil and marine finishes. Solvent- and water-based coatings.

CR-828 R2 95 Al, Zr* 17 4.1 High gloss, low haze, blue undertone, multipurpose grade. Easy dispersing, outstanding opacity with good durability.

Interior and exterior, solvent- and water-based architectural coatings. Interior industrial. High resistivity version available for e-coat applications.

CR-880 R2 91 Al, Si* 19 4.0 Ultra high durability. Exceptional chalk resistance, gloss and tint retention. Good gloss, opacity and dispersibility.

Automotive, aerospace and exterior industrial coatings, coil and powder coatings. Marine coatings.

VENATOR ALTIRIS® W400 V111 93 Al, Si 20 4.1 For white, bright and pastel exterior coatings and plastic materials requiring enhanced solar reflectance, reduced heat build up control of maximum surface temperature and excellent durability.

White, bright and pastel shades of solar reflective exterior coatings, coil coatings, composites, OPV inks and exterior plastics.

ALTIRIS® A550 V111 93 Al, Si 19 4.1 For light and mid coloured exterior coatings and plastic materials requiring enhanced solar reflectance, reduced heat build up control of maximum surface temperature and excellent durability.

Light and mid colours of solar reflective exterior coatings, coil coatings, composites, agricultural films and exterior coloured plastics.







BUYERS’ GUIDE

Company Grade

ISO

59

1 C

lass

TiO

2 %

Su

rface

tr

eatm

en

t

Oil

ab

sorp

tion

Den

sity


ALTIRIS® 800 VIII 93 Al, Si* 20 4.1 For mid and darker coloured exterior coatings and plastic materials requiring enhanced solar reflectance, reduced heat build up control of maximum surface temperature and excellent durability.

Mid and darker colours of solar reflective exterior coatings, coil coatings, composites, agricultural films and exterior coloured plastics.

DELTIO® 81X R2 93 Al, Zr* 17 4.1 Free flow pigment, excellent durability, blue tone, good gloss and excellent dispersion.

Industrial coatings, powder and protective coatings.

DELTIO® 90X R2 94 Al* 17 4.1 Free flow pigment, high gloss, blue tone, strong opacity.

Interior and exterior decorative coatings including high gloss decorative coatings. Also used in can coatings and interior powder coatings.

HOMBIKAT® N100

N/A 98 – – 3.9 Nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide with high reactivity, low sulphur content and surface area ca 100m2/g.

Photoactive concrete and cement-based coatings.

HOMBIKAT® UV100

N/A 90 – – 3.9 Nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide with high purity and high reactivity. Also available as a waterborne paste.

Photoactive interior and exterior coatings.

HOMBITAN® AN

A1 99 – 20 3.9 Untreated anatase pigment with high brightness, blue tone, low abrasivity, good dispersibility but weak outdoor durability.

Primers, fillers, road marking paints, interior coatings.

HOMBITAN® LW-S

A1 99 – 25 3.9 Untreated anatase pigment with high brightness, blue tone, low abrasivity, good dispersibility but weak outdoor durability.

Primers, fillers, road marking paints, lime paints and emulsion paints.

HOMBITEC® RM 110

N/A 79 Al – 4.1 Inorganic nanocrystalline transparent rutile titanium dioxide with alumina surface treatment and crystal lattice doping.

UV absorber for all industrial coatings, wood protection.

HOMBITEC® RM 220

N/A 89 Al – 4.1 Inorganic nanocrystalline transparent, rutile titanium dioxide with alumina surface treatment.

When used in combination with aluminium flakes a visual Flip-Flop effect can be achieved. The finished coating appears bluish from one angle of view and yellowish from another.

HOMBITEC® RM 300

N/A 87 Al* – 4.1 Transparent rutile UV absorber offering excellent UV protection. Also available in paste form RM 300 WP water-based and RM 303 LP solvent-based.


HOMBITEC® RM 400

N/A 78 Al* – 4.1 Transparent rutile UV absorber offering excellent UV protection. Modified with metal oxide to give browner colour tone. Also available in paste form RM 400 WP and RM 402 WP water-based and RM 403 LP solvent-based.


SACHTLEBEN® R 210

R2 94 Al* 21 4.1 Multi-purpose rutile pigment with warm undertone, high opacity, good exterior durability.

Decorative coatings and industrial primers.

SACHTLEBEN® R320

R1 95.5 – 17 4.1 Untreated rutile pigment. Moisture sensitive and high temperature speciality coatings.

SACHTLEBEN® R660

R2 94 Al, Si* 18 4.1 Multi-purpose rutile pigment with blueish undertone, high opacity, high exterior durability.

Interior and exterior water-based and low VOC decorative coatings.

SACHTLEBEN® RD3

R2 94 Al, Zr* 20 4.1 Excellent exterior durability, blueish undertone, good dispersion.

Decorative and industrial coatings.

SACHTLEBEN® RKB6

R2 94 Al, Zr* 18 4 Multi-purpose grade with excellent balance of opacity, gloss and durability.


TIOXIDE® R-HD2

R2 95 Al* 18 4.1 Good dispersion, neutral tone, high tinting strength.

Electrodeposition primers, can coating and inks.

TIOXIDE® R-TC90

R2 94 AI* 17 4.1 Multi-purpose grade with blue tone, excellent balance of opacity, gloss and durability.

Interior and exterior decorative coatings including high gloss decorative coatings. Also used in can coatings.

TIOXIDE® R-XL R3 82 Al, Si 40 3.5 Maximum opacity and tint reducing properties in matte coatings.

High PVC emulsion paints, undercoats and inks.

TIOXIDE® TR81 R2 93 Al, Zr* 17 4.1 Excellent durability, blue tone, good gloss and excellent dispersion.

Industrial coatings, powder and protective coatings.

TIOXIDE® TR85 R2 94 Al, Si, Zr*

19 4.1 Rapid wetting and dispersion with good colour acceptance, opacity and durability.

Decorative tinting systems, water-based and low VOC coatings.







BUYERS’ GUIDE

Chemours International Operations Sarl, Chemin du Pavillon 2, CH-1218 Le Grand Saconnex, Switzerland. Philipp Mueller; [email protected]

Cinkarna Celje, Kidriceva 26, SI-3001 Celje, PO Box 1032, Slovenia. Tel: +386 3 427 6000; Fax: +386 3 427 6298; [email protected]; www.cinkarna.si

Cristal Europe TiO

2 Sales Office, Brielen 9,

2830 Willebroek, Belgium. Tel: +44 1469 55 3459; [email protected]; www.cristal.com

CristalMEAI TiO

2 Sales Office, PO Box 13586, Jeddah 21414,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel: +966 2 224 8000; [email protected]; www.cristal.com

CristalCristalACTiV™ Sales Office, 24 Rue du Sentier, 75002 Paris, France. Tel: +33 1 55 04 89 30; [email protected]; www.cristal.com

Grupa Azoty Zakłady Chemiczne ÔPoliceÕ SAul. Kuznicka 1, 72-010 Police, Poland. Tel: +48 91 317 30 12; Fax: +48 91 317 33 99; [email protected]

KRONOSPeschstrasse 5, D-51373 Leverkusen, Germany. Contact: Jürgen Bender; Tel: +49 214 356 2542; Fax: +49 214 42150; [email protected]; www.kronostio2.com

PrechezaNabr Dr E Benese 1170/24, CZ-750 02 Prerov, Czech Republic. Tel: +42 0 581 253 837; Fax: +42 0 581

253 830; [email protected]

TOR Specialty Minerals TP&T Division, Burg. Moslaan 13, 8051 CP HattemThe Netherlands. Tel: +31 38 33 88 657; Fax: +31 38 44 46 207; [email protected]; www.torminerals.com

Tronox Technical Sales ServiceLaboratory, 3301 NW 150th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73134, USA. Contact: Tahlee Wallace; Tel: +1 405 775 [email protected]; www.tronox.com

VenatorTitanium House, Hanzard Drive, Wynyard Park, Stockton on Tees TS22 5FD, UK. Tel: +44 1740 608001; Fax: +44 1740 60824; [email protected]; www.venatorcorp.com

Company Grade

ISO

59

1 C

lass

TiO

2 %

Su

rface

tr

eatm

en

t

Oil

ab

sorp

tion

Den

sity


TIOXIDE® TR88 R2 93 Al, Si* 18 4.1 Rapid wetting and dispersion with blue tone, good colour acceptance, opacity and durability.

Decorative tinting systems, water-based and low VOC coatings.

TIOXIDE® TR92 R2 94 Al, Zr* 18 4.1 Multi-purpose grade with excellent balance of opacity, gloss and durability.


UV-TITAN® L530

N/A 89 Al, Si, Zr*

– 4.1 Nanocrystalline transparent rutile titanium dioxide with exterior durability and UV protection for industrial finishes.

Metallic effect coatings and automotive base coats.

TIOXIDE® RDIS R2 95 Al* 20 4.1 Premium, durable, rutile pigment with a narrow particle size distribution, excellent gloss, opacity and dispersibility, warm undertone, low abrasion.

A high quality all-rounder across the printing ink field. Solvent-based and waterborne high quality decorative and industrial coatings, including can coatings.

TIOXIDE® RDO R2 95.5 Al, Si* 19 4.1 Optimum gloss/opacity balance, excellent dispersion and low abrasivity, similar to RDIS with an optimised crystal size.

Printing Inks, similar to RDIS with the potential for a higher opacity due to optimised crystal size for maximum light scattering power. High quality decorative and industrial coatings, can coatings.

TIOXIDE® RDE2 R3 90 Al, Si* 27 3.9 Strongly surface treated rutile grade for semi-gloss and matte applications, good dispersibility, low abrasion.

High opacity lamination and reverse printing inks.

TIOXIDE® TR50 R3 88 Al, Si* 36 3.8 Strongly surface treated rutile grade for semi-gloss and matte applications, high opacity, low abrasion, different surface chemistry to RDE2.

Reverse laminated inks and waterborne high opacity inks.

TIOXIDE® RDDI R3 83 Al, Si* 45 3.7 Heavily surface treated rutile pigment with good dispersibility, excellent dry hiding and low abrasion.

Full flat surface and reverse printing inks when excellent hiding power at higher PVC systems is required. Matte high PVC waterborne and solvent based coatings.

HOMBITAN® A300

A2 97 Al* 20 4.0 Premium anatase pigment with a fine particle size, good dispersibility and good gloss, very low abrasion.

Printing Inks, especially UV curing and low abrasion inks.







http://www.cinkarna.si


http://www.cristal.com










http://www.torminerals.com


http://www.tronox.com


http://www.venatorcorp.com



WATER REPELLENTS

Siliconi Commerciale’s water repellent

line is called Esasil, which consists

of products to be applied on the

surface and products to be used in the

formulation of coatings.

PRODUCTS TO BE APPLIED ON THE SURFACE

Esasil 100 is a modified siloxane polymer

ideal for formulating solvent-based water-

repellents and for waterproofing walls,

cement, slides and rocks.

Esasil 200 is the water emulsion of Esasil

100. It is used as water-repellent protection

for adsorbent construction materials,

such as: concrete masonry, fibre concrete

panels, brick masonry, silico-calcareous

bricks, natural or artificial stones, cellular

piling, plastering and mineral paintings, etc.

It can also be used as a primer for

external paints, which are based on silicone

and synthetic resins and it is also effective

for wet substrates.

Esasil 250 is used as water-repellent

protection for adsorbent construction

materials, usually immediately after they

have been made, such as: bricks, facing

bricks, silico-calcareous bricks, floor tiles,

roof tiles, slate-tile, sandstone, limestone

and ceramics, gypsum and gypsum-based

fibre boards. It is also damp proof and used

to prevent humidity rising from walls and

exterior plaster when injected into walls.

PRODUCTS TO BE USED IN PAINT FORMULATIONS

Esasil 505 is a silicone resin emulsion

used as a binder for formulating plaster,

water-based coatings, water-based paints

and silicone resin emulsion paints. It has

excellent water repellent properties, high

permeability at vapour and excellent UV

resistance. Usually Esasil 505 will be used

in combination with acrylic-based binders.

Coatings with Esasil 505 will bond with

strength at the substrate without modifying

the porosity of the building materials,

so it grants both air and water vapour

permeability. At the same time, thanks

to the silicone resin links, it will have an

excellent water repellent, beading and

hydrophobic effect.

The water paint and coating,

formulated with Esasil 505, has the

following advantages:

• Excellent water-repellency, beading and

hydrophobic effect and maintenance of

the colour for at least 10 years;

• High water vapour permeability;

• Increased resistance towards

water, acid rain, pollution, and UV

ray degradation;

• Excellent adherence, thanks to the low

molecular weight of the silicon resin

compared to organic resins;

• It is compatible with the different raw

materials that are used to formulate

water paint and coating, such as acrylic

resins, VAOC, Styrene-Acrylic, additive

and pigments.

Silicone Resin Emulsion Esasil 505

reinforces and binds inorganic material,

providing good binding properties for fillers

and pigments. An improved beading and

hydrophobic effect can be achieved by

adding Esasil 600 Silicone Emulsion.

Esasil 600 is employed as an additive in

silicone resin emulsion paint and plasters,

water-based paints based on acrylic resins,

styrene-acrylic and vinyl resins etc, as it

increases the water-repellent properties

and leaves an excellent permeability at

the vapour. The silicate paints also have

a relatively high capacity for absorbing

water. With the addition of Esasil 600 the

absorption of the water decreases, which

makes the silicate paints water-repellent

without any influence on the permeability of

the support.

Esasil 600 is intended for: silicone resin

emulsion paints and plasters, water-based

mineral paints (silicate and lime paints),

washable white paints (plaster), interior

paints, stoppers, insulating materials and

cementitious formulations.

The water-based paint and coating

formulated with Esasil 600 presents the

following advantages:

• Excellent water-repellency and superior

beading and hydrophobic effect (drop

effect and pearl effect);

• High water vapour permeability;

• Increased resistance towards

water, acid rain, pollution and UV

ray degradation.

Esasil 600 is also used as an additive in

cement formulations to provide liquid water-

repellency to cured mortar, as the siloxane

chemically reacts with the aggregate or

cement to give an hydrophobic effect.

All products formulated by Siliconi

Commerciale are VOC free and give a

high permeability and breathability to

treated materials. PPCJ

Siliconi Commerciale has developed a range of high performance silicone water repellents for the building and water-based paints sectors

Silicone water repellents

Website: www.siliconi.it


http://www.siliconi.it


ENVIRONMENT

In an ever more competitive marketplace

paint companies are looking for new and

different ways to stand out, including

promoting the green credentials of their

products. One criteria that has been used

(or perhaps more accurately mis-used) as

a differentiator in recent years is Volatile

Organic Compound (VOC) content. VOC

is a general term referring to any organic

substance with an initial boiling point less

than or equal to 250 degrees Centigrade

(European Union definition) that can be

released from the paint into the air and,

thus, may cause atmospheric pollution.

VOCs are volatile organic compounds

that can be naturally occurring (such as

ethanol) or can be synthesised chemically.

The VOC content in water-based paints

may be a very small amount of solvent or

trace levels of additive in the paint that are

needed to enhance its performance – for

example, to help the paint flow out and

give an even surface. It is important for the

consumer to be aware of the true impact

of painting on the environment, what VOC

content actually means and especially the

questionable use of terms such as ‘Zero

VOC’ and ‘VOC-free’ by certain decorative

paint suppliers in the UK.

VOC CONTENT – FOLLOWING THE LAW

In terms of VOC content, the decorative

paint industry across Europe is required to

follow its own national legislation, based

on the European Paints Directive 2004/42/

EC. This directive controls the VOC

content in decorative paints (and paints

for vehicle refinishing), thus reducing their

environmental impact. This had a major

impact on the paint industry, accelerating

the move to water-based paints and the

development of new materials that would

permit lower VOCs to be used in paint

without compromising its performance.

The Directive revolves around a series

of limits (maximum VOC content) for each

category of paint, according to its type

and application. For example, a typical

interior matte paint for walls or ceilings

has a maximum VOC content/limit of 30g/

lit. Paint manufacturers demonstrate their

compliance by showing the VOC content

of their paint on the product label, referring

to the appropriate category and limit. Many

matte wall paints on the UK market now

have less than 10g/lit or even lower levels

– these are measured according to agreed

international standards using appropriate

analytical methods. These types of paints,

therefore, have a very minimal impact on air

pollution and the environment. However, it

is important to note that there is no mention

whatsoever of the term ‘Zero VOC’ or

‘VOC-free’ in the Directive, in any related

legislation, or in the standards used to

determine the VOC content of paints.

ZERO VOC CLAIMS – WHAT’S WRONG WITH THEM?

Paint is made up of a number of

components. Some of these may be of

natural origin (such as minerals, chalk,

clays or natural oils), other components

(such as binders, pigments and additives)

are more often synthetically-derived from

different industrial chemical processes.

All these components need to undergo

some degree of washing, refinement,

processing or chemical treatment, so they

can be successfully used to make paint.

These production steps necessitate the

use of different process aids, including

substances that are classed as VOCs.

Although every effort is made to remove

these VOCs through drying and purifying,

there will still be trace amounts in the

finished raw materials that are used to

make the paint and the tinting pastes that

are needed to be used. Therefore, there is

no such thing as a truly 100% VOC-free or

Zero VOC paint, as all paints will contain

very small (trace) amounts of VOCs through

their raw materials.

Given that no paint is truly VOC-free, the

paint industry across Europe (as represented

through its trade association CEPE) agreed

in March 2013 not to use Zero VOC claims in

the promotion of its products.

Similarly, all the major UK

manufacturers of decorative paints, who

are members of the British Coatings

Federation (BCF), confirmed the same

position in November 2015. The BCF

statement also emphasised the point that

companies using Zero VOC claims are not

following the UK Government’s guidance

on green claims, which refers to the need

for companies to make ‘clear, accurate,

relevant and substantiated claims’ to avoid

misleading consumers.

Unfortunately, there are several paint

suppliers in the UK that are persisting with

the use of Zero VOC/VOC-free claims for

Trevor Fielding of the British Coatings Federation questions the benefits and validity of paints marketed as VOC-free

Zero VOC paints – are they really better for the environment?

Trevor Fielding, Regulatory Affairs

Manager of the British Coatings Federation

“The use of these claims for paints is,

therefore, both incorrect and unjustifiable - there is no definition for ‘VOC-free’, nor recognised analytical test that can be used to demonstrate a paint as having zero VOC content.

”


ENVIRONMENT


their products, despite the industry’s best

efforts to bring the issue to their attention.

Several media articles have referred to paint

below a certain VOC content (eg paints

containing less than 0.2% VOC), being

regarded as VOC-free, however this is

incorrect and is certainly not a recognised

approach within the UK paint industry

or in Europe. The mis-use of Zero VOC

terminology in the USA is also having an

impact on the UK coatings sector, as they

commonly label any paints with less than

5g/lit as ‘Zero VOC’ products and some

companies are importing such paints into

the UK market. The use of these claims

for paints is, therefore, both incorrect and

unjustifiable – there is no definition for

‘VOC-free’, nor recognised analytical test

that can be used to demonstrate a paint

as having zero VOC content. Therefore,

members of the public continue to be

misled when purchasing their ‘Zero VOC’

paint, which is not free of VOCs and,

consequently, is not proven to be any better

for the environment than other decorative

paints on the market.

ENVIRONMENTAL FOOT-PRINTING AND PAINTS

So where do we go from here? How can

consumers choose a paint that will have a

minimal impact on the environment? What

criteria can be used instead of VOC to

select an environmentally-friendly product?

The paint industry, along with 26 other

piloted sectors, is currently working with

the European Commission on a project

to determine the overall environmental

impact of consumer products, from the

start of their production to the end of

their lifetime (so-called cradle-to-grave

approach). This project, called the Product

Environmental Footprinting or PEF project,

is due to be completed within the next

two years and should lead to a better way

to inform consumers, probably through a

new simple labelling system and possibly

supported by legislation. This should

represent the culmination of the past two

decades of focus on sustainability and

measuring environmental impacts, not

just in terms of VOCs causing air pollution

but also in terms of water usage, ozone

depletion, toxicity to soil and water and a

host of other parameters. This is still a few

years away but it is clearly a much more

comprehensive and holistic approach

to judging the environmental impact of

consumer products, rather than using

selected single criteria, such as VOC.

There are several key contributors to

the environmental footprint of household

paint: The extraction/production of the raw

materials; the cost of transporting paint

from factory to retail outlet to your home;

and how long the painted surface will last

until it needs repainting, ie how durable

the paint film is. This last aspect is of

particular interest – a durable longer-lasting

paint is better for the environment. Many

paints which claim ‘Zero VOC/VOC-free’

credentials are based on natural clays and

oils rather than synthetic binders, such

as vinyl or acrylic. This has an impact on

how resistant the paint film is to water or

to damage. Generally, synthetic-binder

based paints will provide a much more

durable and resistant paint film, so would

be expected to last longer than a clay

paint. Thus, walls with these clay paints on

may need repainting more often and the

clay paints would not score so well when

viewed from an overall environmental-

footprint approach. Thus, perversely, ‘Zero

VOC’ clay paints may actually be more

harmful to the environment than standard

synthetic-binder based paints, due to this

increased maintenance cycle.

In conclusion, the message to

consumers is to take a minute to consider

whether they’ve chosen the right paint

for the job and that whatever claims

associated with the product, especially

regarding the impact on the environment,

are accurate and can be justified. PPCJ

Author: Trevor Fielding, Regulatory Affairs Manager, British Coatings FederationEmail: [email protected]: www.coatings.org.uk

Cement-based technology used at Lynemouth Power StationCement-based technology has been used

to provide anti-corrosion protection to steel

at a new materials handling facility under

construction at Lynemouth Power Station in

Northumberland, UK.

Cemprotec E942, a high performance,

anti-corrosion cementitious coating, has

been specified by Sir Robert McAlpine

to protect new steel piling totalling

1500m2 to ensure that the 20yr design

life of the steelwork is achieved. E942 is

manufactured by Flexcrete Technologies

Limited, part of the AkzoNobel group of

companies. Cementitious technology was

chosen for this project due to the ability

of Cemprotec E942 to provide enhanced

chemical and abrasion resistance,

whilst ensuring rapid completion of the

coatings work due to limited preparation

requirements of the steelwork.

Originally constructed in 1972 to generate

electricity from coal, Lynemouth Power

Station is currently under conversion to a

biomass-fuelled power plant. The Power

Station is being converted from coal burn

generation to biomass in order to supply

the National Grid with up to 390MW of low

carbon electricity, supplying enough power

for almost half a million residential homes.

The biomass conversion will save 1.5 tonnes

of carbon dioxide in comparison to coal.

Sir Robert McAlpine is constructing the

materials handling facility at the power plant

and an anti-corrosion coating was needed

for protection of the sheet piling in the new

rail offload areas. CSC Services UK Ltd, a

specialist repair and coatings contractor to the

power and water industries, was appointed to

carry out the application work. The interlocks

between the sheet piles and any voids were

first filled with Cemprotec Clutch Filler, a

uniquely formulated cementitious material for

sealing the surface gaps between piles prior

to the application of a Flexcrete cementitious

anti-corrosion coating.

A 1mm stripe coat of Cemprotec E942

was then applied over welds, flanges,

cut edges, plates and all fixings including

nuts and bolt heads. Cemprotec E942 is

a waterborne, epoxy and cementitious

modified polymer coating, which provides

innovative stand-alone, anti-corrosion

protection. It can be applied to damp

substrates and achieves bond when just

surface rusting has been removed. By

comparison, alternative products require

removal of all surface contaminants and

corrosion by-products back to bright metal.

With a water-based composition,

Cemprotec E942 releases no strong odour

or hazardous solvents during application and

is non-toxic, so can be applied in enclosed

locations. Cemprotec Edge Scrim was

embedded on all welds and cut edges before

a 1mm coat was Cemprotec E942 was spray

applied to the complete surface area of the

sheet piles. Just 30-60min later a second

1mm coat was applied to provide excellent

anti-corrosion protection. Cemprotec E942 is

CE-marked in compliance with the demands

of BS EN 1504.

www.flexcrete.com



http://www.coatings.org.uk

http://www.flexcrete.com

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

CHANGZHOU NORTH AMER ICANCHEM ICALS GROUP CO. , LTD.CHAN G ZHOU SUN KEE CHEM ICALS CO.,LTD.

ADD: RM .1001,CHUN YUAN BUILD-IN G ,N O.101,JUQIAN

STREET,CHAN G ZHOU,JIAN G SU,CHIN A 213003TEL: 86 519 86602669 FAX: 86 519 86627700

E-mail:M SN : [email protected]

60000M T PRODUCTION CAPACITYORGAN IC YELLOW, RED, ORANG E, BLUE,

GREEN , AND VIOLET PIGM EN T.

twitter.com/CoatingsGroup

facebook.com/ TheCoatingsGroup/

Search “The Coatings Group”

in LinkedIn

There are now more ways than ever to follow the latest news and trends from the team

Tel:+ 90 (262) 722 92 55Fax: +90 (262) 722 92 65E-mail: [email protected]

KOCAELİ / TURKEY

ULTIMATE MIXING TECHNOLOGY

www.sozer.com

Pigments Pigments Pigments

Test Equipment Plant & Machinery

Plant & Machinery Pigments

mailto:[email protected]%ED%AF%80%ED%B0%81


http://www.sozer.com

COMPETITIVE pressure requires an aggressive response. OPTIWHITE’s wet and dry hiding

properties can be the solution. From a stable, consistent supplier with more thansixty-fi ve years dedicated to serving the coatings industry, consider OPTIWHITE as your natural choice.

+001-478-552-2544 800-841-8999 email: [email protected] www.burgesspigment.com

PO Box 349, Sandersville, GA 31082, USA


http://www.burgesspigment.com

You Need It. We Have It.

Experience Outstanding Products, Quality, and Service!

www.activeminerals.com

[email protected] +886-2-2898-6030

Stranded by Your Attapulgite Supplier?

Depend On Us for Security of Supply

Active Minerals is here to help! Every successful business depends on a reliable and secure source of quality raw materials. As the world’s largest producer of gellant grade attapulgite, we have continually invested in reserves, reclamation, production capabilities and new innovative products.

Active Minerals has a proven record of shipping on-time, in-spec, high quality attapulgite products for more than 50 years. Our attapulgite brand Min-U-Gel® and our high performance Acti-Gel® products are ready to ship from inventory. Contact us today.


http://www.activeminerals.com

PPCJ FC Sept3.indd - Flickread

Documents