Pp chapter 11 1

Americaand the World

1

Expansion inthe Pacific

Imperialismthe quest for colonial empires

Imperialism is driven by –1) markets for new products

2) sources of raw materials for industry

3) desire for power and prestige

Henry Cabot Lodge

Of the sympathies of the American people, generous, liberty-loving, I have no question. They are with the Cubans in their struggle for freedom. I believe our people would welcome any action on the part of the United States to put an end to the terrible state of things existing there. We can stop it. We can stop it peacefully. We can stop it, in my judgment, by pursuing a proper diplomacy and offering our good offices. Let it once be understood that we mean to stop the horrible state of things in Cuba and it will be stopped. The great power of the United States, if it is once invoked and uplifted, is capable of greater things than that.

• conservative Republican• supporter of the gold standard • a strong backer of U.S. intervention in Cuba in 1898

Massachusetts Senator(1893-1924)

Alfred Thayer MahanAlfred Thayer Mahan

The U.S. need a strong navy to protect its economic interests in foreign markets around the world.

The Influence of Sea PowerUpon History, 1660-1783

(1890)

CaptainCaptain

James CookJames CookSandwich Islands

Hawaii• tropical climate

• lava-enriched soil

Imperial powers needed1) Naval bases

2) Coaling stations

KingKing

KalakauaKalakaua

Bayonet Constitution 1887Pearl Harbor

(1874 —1891)

Hawaii is exempted from U.S. tariffs on sugar --1875

McKinley Tariff removed the sugar tariff on other countries and paid a subsidy on U.S. sugar.

Queen Liliuoukalani

EconomicEconomicImperialismImperialism

Sanford B. Dole

Toward AnnexationToward Annexation (Economic Imperialism)

• Kalakaua becomes king of Hawaii in 1874.• The Hawaiian League forces Kalakaua

to sign the Bayonet Constitution.• The McKinley Tariff creates a crisis in the sugar industry.• Liliuokalani announces her intent to write

a new constitution.• Annexationists carry out a revolt.• The United States annexes Hawaii on July 7, 1898.

Eventually several European nations followed suit, forcing China to sign a series of unequal treaties. Extraterritoriality guaranteed that European citizens in China were only subject to the laws of their own nation and could only be tried by their own courts. Eventually western nations weary of governing foreign lands, established spheres of influence within China which guaranteed specific trading privileges to each nation within its respective sphere.

Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence

Eventually the United States demanded equal trading status within China, and rather than carve out its own sphere of influence, simply announced the Open Door Policy in 1899. This stated that all nations should have equal trading rights regardless of spheres of influence. While this may have prevented the further expansion of spheres of influences, it did little to restore Chinese sovereignty..

John HayJohn HayU.S. Secretary of StateU.S. Secretary of State(1898-1905)(1898-1905)

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy1. Keep all ports in their spheres

open to all nations

2. Allow Chinese officials to collect all tariffs and duties

3. Guarantee equal harbor, railroad, and tariff rates in their spheres to all nations trading in China.

Boxer Rebellion

Boxer Rebellion(1899-1901)

Fists of Righteous Harmony

Boxers

Chinese nationalists seeking to expel theforeign devils.

Seige at Peking (Beijing)55 days

The Great White Fleet Tour

1. Kalakaua becomes king of Hawaii in 1874.

2. The Hawaiian League forces Kalakaua to sign the Bayonet Constitution.

3. The McKinley Tariff creates a crisis in the sugar industry.

4. Liliuokalani announces her intent to write a new constitution.

5. Annexationists carry out a revolt.

6. The United States annexes Hawaii on July 7, 1898.