Top Banner
29
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: powerpoint regarding Pain
Page 2: powerpoint regarding Pain

WELCOME

Page 3: powerpoint regarding Pain

PAINPREPARED BY

ASEEM.B,MBA,MSN,PGDHA

ASSISTANT PROFESSORSP FORT COLLEGE OF

NURSINGTHIRUVANANTHAPURAM

Page 4: powerpoint regarding Pain

DEFINITION PAINPAIN IS A LOCALISED PHYSICAL

SUFFERING ASSOCIATED WITH BODILY DISORDER. - (WEBSTERS DICTIONARY)

“ PAIN IS A BASIC BODILY SENSATION INDUCED BY A NOXIUS STIMULUS

RECEIVED BY NAKED NERVE ENDINGS,CHARACTERISED BY PHYSICAL DISCOMFORT AND TYPICALLY LEADING

TO EVASIVE ACTION ”

Page 5: powerpoint regarding Pain

IT IS DEFINED AS THE UNIVERSALLY EMOTIONAL AND SENSORY EXPERIENCE THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO TISSUE TRAUMA, REFFERED TO AS THE FIFTH VITAL SIGN.

TYPES – ACUTE AND CHRONIC ACUTE – Mild To Severe Pain Lasting Less

Than 6 Months, Usually Associated With Specific Injury.It Involves Sympathetic Ns.

CHRONIC- Mild To Severe Pain Lasting Morethan 6 Months.Associated With Parasympathetic Nervous System

Page 6: powerpoint regarding Pain

FACTORS AFFECTING PAIN AGE GENDER CULTURE MEANING OF PAIN ATTENTION ANXIETY FATIGUE PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE

Page 7: powerpoint regarding Pain

FACTORS CONTD- FAMILY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT PLACEBO EFFECT DEPRESSION

Page 8: powerpoint regarding Pain
Page 9: powerpoint regarding Pain
Page 10: powerpoint regarding Pain
Page 11: powerpoint regarding Pain
Page 12: powerpoint regarding Pain

PAIN PROCESS TRANSDUCTION(noxious stimuli causes cell

damage with the release of chemicals like serotonin,histamin, prostaglandin)

TRANSMISSION(action potential continues from site of injury to spinal cord)

PERCEPTION(conscious experience of pain)

MODULATION(neurons oroginating in the brainstem descend to the spinal cord and release substance that inhibit pain impulses)

Page 13: powerpoint regarding Pain

PAIN CLASSIFICATIONACCORDING TO DURATION ACUTE PAIN CHRONIC PAIN CANCER RELATED PAIN

ACCORDING TO LOCATION EG: PELVIC PAIN,CHEST PAIN,HEAD

ACHE etc

Page 14: powerpoint regarding Pain

ACCORDING TO ETIOLOGY

EG : BURN PAIN, NEURALGIA

REFERRED PAIN-PAIN THAT IS PERCEIVED IN AN AREA DISTANT FROM THE POINT OF ORIGIN.

EG :MI PAIN

Page 15: powerpoint regarding Pain

COMMON RESPONSES TO PAIN

BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES

PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES

PSYCHOLOGIC RESPONSES

Page 16: powerpoint regarding Pain

BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES GRIMACING MOURNING(state of sorrow) CRYING RESTLESSNESS PROTECTING THE AREA AND REFUSING

TO MOVE MOVING AWAY FROM THE PAINFUL

STIMULI

Page 17: powerpoint regarding Pain
Page 18: powerpoint regarding Pain

PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES

SYMPATHETIC RESPONSES INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASED PULSE & RESPIRATORY

RATEPUPIL DILATIONMUSCLE TENSION & RIGIDITYPALLOR INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE INCREASED OUTPUT

Page 19: powerpoint regarding Pain

PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES CONTD

PARASYMPATHATIC RESPONSES NAUSEA/VOMITTING FAINTING OR UNCONSCIOUSNESS DECREASED BP RAPID & IRREGULAR BREATHING

Page 20: powerpoint regarding Pain

PSYCHOLOGIC RESPONSES

RESTLESSNESS ANXIETY DEPRESSION FEAR ANGER ANOREXIA FATIGUE POWERLESSNESS HOPELESSNESS

Page 21: powerpoint regarding Pain

CHARACTERISTICS OF PAIN INTENSITY(severity) TIMING LOCATION QUALITY – burning, numbing, shooting,

stabbing, itchy sensation.

Page 22: powerpoint regarding Pain

TREATMENT PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT

NON PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT

SURGICAL INTERVENTION

Page 23: powerpoint regarding Pain

PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT

NON NARCOTIC AGENTSACETAMINOPHEN,ASPIRIN

NSAIDSIBUPROFEN, NAPROXEN, KETORALAC etc

NARCOTIC ANALGESICSMORPHINE SULPHATE, FENTANYL,

MEPERIDONE, CODEINE etc

Page 24: powerpoint regarding Pain

ADJUVANTSAMITRIPTYLINE, HYDROXYZINE, DIAZEPAM,

CHLORPROMAZINE

Page 25: powerpoint regarding Pain

NON PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS

ACUPUNCTURE RELAXATION TECHNIQUE GUIDED IMAGERY DISTRACTION MUSIC BIOFEEDBACK HYPNOSIS TENS( TRANS CUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL

NERVE STIMULATION )

Page 26: powerpoint regarding Pain

SURGICAL INTERVENTION CORDOTOMY :

IT IS THE DIVISION OF CERTAIN TRACTS OF THE SPINAL CORD

RHIZOTOMY

THE SENSORY NERVE ROOTS ARE DESTROYED WHERE THEY ENTER THE SPINAL CORD

Page 27: powerpoint regarding Pain

PAIN SCALES NUMERICAL SCALE DESCRIPTIVE SCALE PAIN VISUAL ANALOG OUCHER SCALES WONG BAKER SCALES

Page 28: powerpoint regarding Pain
Page 29: powerpoint regarding Pain

THANK YOU