PowerPoint Presentation Henry Phinazee Averett University Instruction via Media (ED 509) Instructor: Dr. Jane Quenneville February 15, 2008.

PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation Henry Phinazee

Averett University Instruction via Media (ED 509)

Instructor: Dr. Jane Quenneville February 15, 2008

Second SemesterImperialism to

WWI

Unit 7

VUS.9a-b

US History 06-07

Imperialism

The policy and practice of forming and maintaining an empire in seeking to control raw materials and world markets by conquest of other countries and/or establishing colonies.

American Imperialism

Many 20th century American foreign policy issues have their origins in America’s emergence as a world power at the end of the 19th century.

America’s intervention in WW I ensured her role as a world power for the rest of the century.

American Imperialism The growing role of the US

in international trade displayed the American urge to build, innovate, and explore new markets.

Growth of international trade occurred from the late 1800s until WW I.

The first era of a true “GLOBAL ECONOMY”

Expansionism.asx

Creation of International Markets

Open Door Policy

Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal access and trading rights with China

He did not want any one country to take over China

John Hay

Secretary

Of

State

Gunboat Diplomacy (Big Stick Theory)

Teddy Roosevelt’s philosophy of dealing with the world.

“Speak softly, but carry a big stick.”

Used the Navy to show our strength.

Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America

He promised the US government would step in if unrest threatened the investment

Moral Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson’s view.

The US would look at the morality of every situation and decide on our actions accordingly.

Dealings with Latin America

Spanish American War

Puerto Rico was annexed by the US

The US asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs

We acquired the Philippines and Guam

Panama Canal

US “encouraged” Panama’s independence from Colombia

We negotiated a treaty with France, Colombia, and Panama to build the canal

Panama Canal during construction

Asia and the PacificHawaii

US businessmen will overthrow the Queen

Political leaders asked to be annexed by the US

Philippines

annexed after the Spanish-American War

Open Door Policy

Urged all foreigners to obey Chinese law

Observe fair trade competition

World War I / The Great War

Causes of the Great War

1. Nationalism2. Arms race (militarism)3. Imperialism4. Entangling Alliances

5. causes of WWI Slide 19.asx

Events in Europe

War in Europe begins in 1914

A Serbian nationalist will assassinate the Archduke of Austria-Hungary.

Serbia has a treaty with Russia, Austria-Hungary has a treaty with Germany, Russia has a treaty with France etc. etc. etc

The Domino Effect

A little regional problem becomes a big mess

The US will remain neutral and most Americans wanted to stay out of European affairs

From Isolationism to Belligerency

Wilson will keep the US out of WWI for three years

The US will declare war in 1917 because of German submarine strategy and our long standing ties to Great Britain

Woodrow Wilson’s Policy/Stance

Wilson said we were going to war “ to make the world safe for democracy” and to protect the principle of freedom of the seas.

Why We Entered WWI Lusitania and Zimmermann Slide 28.asx

Allied PowersGreat BritainFranceRussiaSerbiaItaly

Central PowersGermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman Empire

(Turkey)Bulgaria

The Players

The US will join the Allies

WWI the Early Years

The war has become a stalemate.

Russia will drop out and America will enter just as Germany is making one last attempt to break through.

America’s military resources of men and materials will tip the balance in favor of the Allies.

World War Technological Advances

• Causalities of war

• Trenches/Barbed Wire

• Machine Guns

• No Man’s Land

• New Cannons

• Poison Gas/Chemical Weapons

• Tanks

• Fame Throwers

• Balloons/Airplanes

• Trench Warfare.asx

World War II Ends

Germany will ask for an armistice (cease fire)

It will go into effect on November 11th, 1918

(11-11 at 11:00am)

The war is over, now for the peace treaty

Fourteen Points

To guarantee no other wars like this one, President Wilson will create a peace plan named the Fourteen Points.

He will take his plan to the peace conference in Paris

He hoped to eliminate the causes of war

Wilson had several key points

1. Self determination for all groups

2. Freedom of the seas for all nations

3. A Mandate system for all former colonies of Germany

4. A League of Nations

Self-Determination

Self determination-the idea that all ethnic groups should decide which country they belonged in

Idea accepted at the Peace Conference

Leads to new nations being created after World War I (Poland, Czechoslovakia,

Yugoslavia)

The European Mandates

Mandate system set up former colonies on a “learn to be a nation” program with a sponsor nation showing them how

(Palestine, India and several others)

League of Nations

The League of Nations was an international forum or peacekeeping organization set up to settle disputes before they caused a war

Treaty of Versailles (ver sigh)

Wilson’s ideas were only partially successful

Great Britain and France wanted to punish Germany

National Boundaries across Europe will be redrawn

A League of Nations will be created

The Impact of the War on Germany

Germany forced to pay huge reparations payments. (Billions of dollars)

Germany stripped of its colonies, army and navy, and many of its factories

Reparations – payment for damages caused by the war.

Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles in the US

Many Americans objected to the Treaty because it contained the League of Nations.

We very much wanted to return to isolationism.

They did not want to have our foreign policy dependent on an outside international organization.

President Wilson’s Legacy

After months of debates and a speaking tour of the US by Wilson, the Senate will vote against the treaty three times (this kills it).

Wilson has a stroke during the tour and will become ineffective and stubborn

The US will sign a separate agreement with Germany declaring the War over in the 1920s