PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 13 Building Automation Systems for IAQ Building Automation Systems and Controllers Operator Interface Methods Building.

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Chapter 13Chapter 13Building Automation Systems for IAQBuilding Automation Systems for IAQ

Building Automation Systems and Controllers • Operator Interface Methods •

Building Automation System Input and Output Components • Direct Digital Control Strategies, Features, and Algorithms • IAQ

Strategies and Energy Considerations

Building Automation Systems and Controllers • Operator Interface Methods •

Building Automation System Input and Output Components • Direct Digital Control Strategies, Features, and Algorithms • IAQ

Strategies and Energy Considerations

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Chapter 13Chapter 13Building Automation Systems for IAQBuilding Automation Systems for IAQ

Building Automation Systems and Controllers • Operator Interface Methods •

Building Automation System Input and Output Components • Direct Digital Control Strategies, Features, and Algorithms • IAQ

Strategies and Energy Considerations

Building Automation Systems and Controllers • Operator Interface Methods •

Building Automation System Input and Output Components • Direct Digital Control Strategies, Features, and Algorithms • IAQ

Strategies and Energy Considerations

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Distributed direct digital control systems have multiple CPUs at the controller level.

Distributed direct digital control systems have multiple CPUs at the controller level.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Application-specific controllers are designed to control only one type or part of an HVAC system.

Application-specific controllers are designed to control only one type or part of an HVAC system.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Unitary controllers are designed for simple zone control using a standard wall-mounted temperature sensor.

Unitary controllers are designed for simple zone control using a standard wall-mounted temperature sensor.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Air-handling unit controllers are used when the sophisticated control of large central-station air-handling units is required.

Air-handling unit controllers are used when the sophisticated control of large central-station air-handling units is required.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air terminal unit controllers are similar in appearance to unitary controllers. The difference is in the factory programming of the erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) chip.

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air terminal unit controllers are similar in appearance to unitary controllers. The difference is in the factory programming of the erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) chip.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air-handling unit controllers are used to control VAV air-handling units in order to maintain a minimum static pressure in supply ducts.

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air-handling unit controllers are used to control VAV air-handling units in order to maintain a minimum static pressure in supply ducts.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air-handling controllers are used to control building space temperature and air volume in VAV air-handling systems.

Variable-air-volume (VAV) air-handling controllers are used to control building space temperature and air volume in VAV air-handling systems.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Network communication modules coordinate communication from controller to controller on a network and provide a location for operator interface.

Network communication modules coordinate communication from controller to controller on a network and provide a location for operator interface.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Desktop personal computers (PCs), alarm printers, notebook PCs, portable operator terminals, keypad displays, and dumb terminals are used in large buildings to access and troubleshoot a building’s automation system.

Desktop personal computers (PCs), alarm printers, notebook PCs, portable operator terminals, keypad displays, and dumb terminals are used in large buildings to access and troubleshoot a building’s automation system.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

A building automation system with web browser software packages allows a stationary engineer to communicate and change settings from anywhere in the world.

A building automation system with web browser software packages allows a stationary engineer to communicate and change settings from anywhere in the world.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Analog input devices send 4 mA to 20 mA or 0 V to 10 or 20 V signals to a building automation system’s controllers, causing a proportional electrical signal change to output components.

Analog input devices send 4 mA to 20 mA or 0 V to 10 or 20 V signals to a building automation system’s controllers, causing a proportional electrical signal change to output components.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Temperature sensors are available in a variety of packages and mounting configurations including wall-mounted, duct-mounted, immersion (well-mounted), and averaging.

Temperature sensors are available in a variety of packages and mounting configurations including wall-mounted, duct-mounted, immersion (well-mounted), and averaging.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Humidity sensors contain a hygroscopic element that changes physical characteristics as the humidity changes.

Humidity sensors contain a hygroscopic element that changes physical characteristics as the humidity changes.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Piezoelectric elements (pressure-sensitive crystals) are used in duct pressure-sensing applications, while bellows elements are used in many piping applications.

Piezoelectric elements (pressure-sensitive crystals) are used in duct pressure-sensing applications, while bellows elements are used in many piping applications.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

In IAQ applications, differential pressure sensors or pitot tubes and temperature sensors in a duct can act as airflow measuring stations (AMS).

In IAQ applications, differential pressure sensors or pitot tubes and temperature sensors in a duct can act as airflow measuring stations (AMS).

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

A digital input device signal is a binary (ON or OFF) signal. A digital input device signal is a binary (ON or OFF) signal.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Limit thermostats maintain a temperature above or below an adjustable setpoint.

Limit thermostats maintain a temperature above or below an adjustable setpoint.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Humidistats are digital input devices used in ducts and indicate when a humidity setpoint has been reached.

Humidistats are digital input devices used in ducts and indicate when a humidity setpoint has been reached.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Differential pressure switches are often used to indicate a difference in pressure across a fan or pump or to indicate the condition of an air-handling unit filter.

Differential pressure switches are often used to indicate a difference in pressure across a fan or pump or to indicate the condition of an air-handling unit filter.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Electric/pneumatic transducers have an analog input signal, such as 4 mA to 20 mA, from the building automation system and an output air pressure signal of 0 psi to 20 psi.

Electric/pneumatic transducers have an analog input signal, such as 4 mA to 20 mA, from the building automation system and an output air pressure signal of 0 psi to 20 psi.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Triac-switched controller output terminals require an external power supply and are used to switch alternating current (AC).

Triac-switched controller output terminals require an external power supply and are used to switch alternating current (AC).

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Relays are used to allow low-voltage-rated triacs of building automation system controllers to switch line-voltage components ON and OFF.

Relays are used to allow low-voltage-rated triacs of building automation system controllers to switch line-voltage components ON and OFF.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

In a direct digital control system, a building automation system controller is wired directly to controlled components.

In a direct digital control system, a building automation system controller is wired directly to controlled components.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

In closed-loop control, feedback occurs among the controller, sensor, and controlled component(s).

In closed-loop control, feedback occurs among the controller, sensor, and controlled component(s).

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

In open-loop control, no feedback is provided from sensors to a building automation system controller.In open-loop control, no feedback is provided from sensors to a building automation system controller.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Setpoint is the desired value to be maintained by a system with the desired accuracy to the setpoint being programmed into a BAS controller.

Setpoint is the desired value to be maintained by a system with the desired accuracy to the setpoint being programmed into a BAS controller.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Setup and setback setpoints are values that are active during the unoccupied mode of a building automation system.

Setup and setback setpoints are values that are active during the unoccupied mode of a building automation system.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Low-limit controls stop outside-air dampers from closing 100% and still allow ventilation air into a building when ventilation-air temperatures are excessively low outside.

Low-limit controls stop outside-air dampers from closing 100% and still allow ventilation air into a building when ventilation-air temperatures are excessively low outside.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Proportional control algorithms position a controlled component in response to the amount of offset experienced in a building automation system.

Proportional control algorithms position a controlled component in response to the amount of offset experienced in a building automation system.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Derivative control algorithms determine the instantaneous rate of change of a controlled variable.

Derivative control algorithms determine the instantaneous rate of change of a controlled variable.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Adaptive control algorithms are self-tuning algorithms that are often used to correct an overcycling control system.

Adaptive control algorithms are self-tuning algorithms that are often used to correct an overcycling control system.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Acceptable indoor air quality numbers for ventilation are detailed in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

Acceptable indoor air quality numbers for ventilation are detailed in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

CO2 levels in building spaces or zones are used as an indicator of occupancy.

CO2 levels in building spaces or zones are used as an indicator of occupancy.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

A typical HVAC system increases ventilation when CO2 levels rise to 600 parts per million (PPM) so that levels do not exceed 1000 PPM.

A typical HVAC system increases ventilation when CO2 levels rise to 600 parts per million (PPM) so that levels do not exceed 1000 PPM.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

Economizers use outdoor air to provide free cooling and are not practical or advisable in hot-humid climates.

Economizers use outdoor air to provide free cooling and are not practical or advisable in hot-humid climates.

Chapter 13–Building AutomationChapter 13–Building AutomationSystems for IAQSystems for IAQ

In night precooling, cool outdoor night air is used to cool a building while simultaneously exhausting accumulated pollutants.

In night precooling, cool outdoor night air is used to cool a building while simultaneously exhausting accumulated pollutants.