Powerpoint presentation

California Missions4th grade Social Studies

Caitlin Santa

Table of Contents

Brief history Founding Impact on native people

Design and Architecture Parts of a mission Architectural features

Famous missions Santa Barbara San Diego Santa Cruz

Missions in modern times

Mission History

Spanish rule- King Charles III

Father Junipero Serra founded the first missions

Create a literate population that would have been useful to the Spanish government

Bring Christianity to the native people

Built near coasts

21 missions total spanning 650 miles

Religious and military conquests

Cost a great deal of lives

Map

Tensions with the native people

Tensions with Mexico

Many American Indians were forced to convert to Catholicism, learn Spanish and learn various trades

Diseases were also spread- measles epidemic of 1806

Many cultures were wiped out by the Europeans

Mexico proclaimed native people with the Alta California area free and eligible to become Mexican citizens

1827- Spaniards under 60 were expelled from the territory

Cultural Impacts

Design

All missions were built with a similar layout Rectangular courtyard Shops, rooms, church Bell tower

Site selection Close to the coast Large populations of potential converts Land for farming and livestock

Architecture

Rectangular courtyardPedimentsBell towersColumns and arches

San Diego

California’s first mission

• Founded in 1769 by Father Serra

• Named by Spanish explorers for the feast day of St Didacus

• Rebuilt and moved after Native Indians burned it down

• This mission is still an active parish

Santa Barbara10th mission

Established in 1786 around the feast day of Saint Barbara

The land on which it was built was originally inhabited by the Chumash

The Chumash are credited for much of the missions agricultural success

A high school and junior college were at one time part of the grounds

Santa Cruz

Holy Cross

12th mission, established in 1791

Spanish explorer named the area Santa Cruz in 1769

Founded during a peaceful time between missionaries and Spanish military

Missions Today

Regarded as an important aspect of California heritage

Some are still working churchesMany of them are historical landmarksThe original mission trail, known as El Camino

Real, can be still be followed through several freeways.

Some of California’s most prominent cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco, were built due to the mission system

ReferencesO http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_CaliforniaO http://www.cuca.k12.ca.us/lessons/missions/history/generalhistory.html#fou

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