What happened? Miss Leung took Brian’s book. Brian’s book was taken by Miss Leung. DOER DOER (Subject) (Object)
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What happened?
Miss Leung took Brian’s book.
Brian’s book was taken by Miss Leung.
DOER
DOER
(Subject)
(Object)
What happened?
Miss Leung took Brian’s book.
Brian’s book was taken by Miss Leung.
DOER
DOER
(Subject)
(Object)(Subject)
Emphasis – more IMPORTANTRECEIVER
What happened?
Miss Leung took Brian’s book.
Brian’s book was taken by Miss Leung.
DOER
(Subject)
(Object)(Subject)
DOERRECEIVER
What happened?
Miss Leung took Brian’s book.
Brian’s book was taken by Miss Leung.
DOER
(Subject)
(Subject)
RECEIVER DOER
Passive VoicePassive VoiceWhat are you going to learn?1. When to Use Passive Voice2. Structure of Passive Verbs3. Passive Verbs in Tenses
1. When Do We Use Passive Voice?
A. When the RECEIVER of an action is the EMPHASIS
B. When it is NOT NECESSARY to mention the DOER of an action
C. When the DOER of an action is NOT KNOWN
1.A. When the RECEIVER of the action is the EMPHASIS
Example:
Look! A mermaid is found by the fishermen!
What is the main message of the sentence?
As the emphasis is on the mermaid, we start the sentence with ‘A mermaid’ to attract readers’ attention to the receiver of the action.
Example:
This table is reserved for Hong Kong people.
As the emphasis is on the table, we start the sentence with ‘This table’ to attract readers’ attention to the receiver of the action.
1.B. When it is NOT NECESSARY to mention the DOER of the action
Example:I was born in August.
Is it necessary to mention WHO gave birth to you?
(Who else would it be if not your mom??!!)
As the doer of the action is understood, we can omit it and start the sentence with the receiver of the action, i.e.‘I’.
1.C. When the DOER is NOT KNOWN
Example:
Miss Leung’s diamond ring was stolen!!
Who stole the ring?
We do not know who stole the diamond ring.
So, the doer is not known. Instead of starting the sentence with ‘somebody’, i.e., ‘Somebody stole Miss Leung’s diamond ring’, we can omit the doer of the action and start the sentence with the receiver of the action, i.e., ‘Miss Leung’s diamond ring’.
2. Structure of Passive Verbs
Syntactic Structure ACTIVE ----------------------- PASSIVE e.g. eats ----------------------- is eaten i.e. verb ----------------------- be + p.p.
Note: “be” is changed according to the tense of the sentence the number (singular/plural) of the subject of the
sentence.
3. Passive Verbs in Tenses
3.1 Present Tenses
Tenses Active PassivePresent - Simple -eats -is eaten - Continuous -is eating -is being eaten - Perfect -has eaten -has been eaten
3.2 Past TensesNow, try to complete the following table:
Tenses Active PassivePast - Simple -ate - Continuous -was eating - Perfect -had eaten
ANSWERS
Tenses Active Passive
Past - Simple -ate -was eaten
- Continuous -was eating -was being eaten
- Perfect -had eaten -had been eaten
3.3 Future TensesPlease complete the following table:
Tense Active PassiveFuture - Simple -will eat
ANSWERS
Tense Active PassiveFuture - Simple -will eat -will be eaten
Practice Now, rewrite the sentences below by using
passive voice.
1. The janitor cleans our classroom every day.
2. Japan exported millions of cars last year. 3. Mr. Chan will feed his dog on canned food.
ANSWERS1. Our classroom is cleaned (by the
janitor) every day.2. Millions of cars were exported from
Japan last year.3. Mr. Chan’s dog will be fed on canned
food.
Congratulations!!
You HAVE BEEN TAUGHT:when to use passive voice how to form passive verbs
Give yourselves a BIG BIG HAND!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
(Passive or ACTIVE??????)
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