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Wednesday, December 3Psychological

Effects of Alcohol

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Alcohol and Neurotransmitters

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GABA Inhibitory NeurotransmitterAlcoholGlutamate NeurotransmitterY GABA Receptors

Y Glutamate Receptors

o GABA :• Neurotransmitter• Inhibitory• Controls neural

Activityo Glutamate:

• Neurotransmitter• Excitatory

GABA

Glutamate

(Mouse Party, 2006)

Effect on Stress

• The Psychological Effects of Alcoholo Sleep pattern changeso Changes in mood and personalityo Depression, anxiety and other psychiatric conditionso Cognitive effects such as shortened attention span and problems with coordination

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(EHS Today, 2013) (Mail Online, 2012)

(Tracy, 2013)

Effect on Mood

• As alcohol enters the body it can:• Alter express feelings

o Can make a shy person become witty or playfulo Can make a person express grievance or sorrow

• Mask feelingso Relaxed and forget our responsibilities

• Avoid feelingso Provide as an escape

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(Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R., 2005) (WSJ, n.d)

Effect on Depression

• Generally there is no found proof that alcohol cause depression

• However, excessive drinking behavior may contribute to depressiono Lack of sleepo Risk behavior

• Alcohol and depression combination• Depressant• Increased risk of suicide

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(ULifeLine, n.d) (Rebelle Society, 2013)

BlackoutsVerizon 100%10:35

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(Memory and Loss, 2006)

• Blackout – period of memory loss during a time where the person is drinking.

• Blackouts are more common among social drinkers including college drinkers. (Jackson, J, 2013)

• Alcohol increase release of GABA from the brain causes blackouts.

• Alcohol interferes with the receptors in the Hippocampus, part in the brain that plays a role in formation of memories, preventing neurons in the brain to communicate properly; therefore, disrupting Long Term Potentiation (LTP). (White, M. A, 2004)

Science Behind Hangovers

• The main alcohol effects related to hangovers include electrolytic imbalance, gastric irritation, hypoglycemia, sleep alterations, vasodilatation, and cytoquine production (Prat, Adan, & Sánchez-Turety, 2009).

• Acetate, a metabolite of alcohol, increases adenosine in tissues, causes hangover headaches (King, 2012).o Vomiting, sleep deprivation, headaches,

and more.o Are they all worth it?

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(CNN, 2013)

(Health Kismet Blog, 2012)

Drink Smarter

• Hangover symptoms are due mainly to the toxic effect induced by several products that are present in alcohol beverages, known as congeners.

• Red wine, whisky, cognac or tequila have more congeners than ‘‘clear’’ beverages, such as rum, vodka or gin, increasing chances of hangovers (Prat, Adan, & Sánchez-Turety, 2009).

• If you choose to drink, drink smarter. Drink “clear” beverages, along with water.

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(Feeding Doctor, 2013)

TURN DOWN FOR WHAT?

Alcohol & Drug Abuse Prevention Program

o This program at SJSU strives to prevent alcohol and drug abuse among SJSU students to support their academic and career success. (SJSU, 2014)

o The committee operate events such as Media Campaigns, education for new students about alcohol policies, revision of campus alcohol policies, etc.

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Wellness & Health Promotion Coordinator

(408) 924-6203

[email protected]

Liz Romero

(SJSU, 2014)

Communities outside of SJSU

• 24/7 Help Line  (408) 374 - 8511o (Local Community resources n.d.).

• Gardner Downtown Health centero 725 East Santa Clara Street San Jose, CA

95112o (Gardner health Services, n.d.)

• Bill Wilson Centero Tell: (408) 243-0222  Crisis line:(408) 850-

6125o 3490 The Alameda Santa Clara, CA 95050 o (Bill Wilson Center, n.d.).

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(Google Maps, 2014)

TURN DOWN FOR WHAT...

References• King, A. (2012). OH NO NOT THE FESTIVE SPIRIT. Chemistry & Industry, 76(12), 28-30.• Maxwell, C. R., Spangenberg, R. J., Hoek, J. B., Silberstein, S. D., & Oshinsky, M. L. 2010). Acetate Causes Alcohol

Hangover Headache in Rats. Plos ONE, 5(12), 1-9.• Prat, G., Adan, A., & Sánchez-Turety, M. (2009). Alcohol hangover: a critical review of explanatory factors. Human

Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, 24(4), 259-267. • Gardner Health Services. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.gardnerfamilyhealth.org/services.html#substanceabuse • Local Community resources (n.d.). Retreived from:

http://www.sjsu.edu/counseling/students/Additional_Resources/Community_Resources/#alcohol• Regan, K. (2011). Health Lesson Idea. Retrieved from: http://pecentral.org/lessonideas/ViewLesson.asp?

ID=10478#.VH0FO_m-2M5• “Ulifeline”. (n.d).Retrieved from: http://www.ulifeline.org/articles/460-alcohol-and-depression• Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. (2005). Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clin Psychol

Rev. 2005 Nov;25(7):841-61.• Tracy, N. (2013). Psychological Effects of Alcohol. Healthy Place: America’s Mental Health Channel. Rev. 2013.• SJSU. (2014). Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Committee (ADAPC). Wellness and Health Promotion. Retrieved from:

http://www.sjsu.edu/wellness/alcoholandmarijuana/adapc_main/ • White, M. A. (2004). What Happened? Alcohol, Memory Blackouts, and the Brain. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and

Alcoholism.

• Jackson, J. (2013). What Happens to your Brain when You Get Black-Out Drunk? Gizmodo. Retrieved from: http://gizmodo.com/5977688/what-happens-to-your-brain-when-you-get-black-out-drunk

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Image References• Daily Main Reporter. (2012). Two Thirds “hit the bottle” to Relax After Stressful Day at Work.

Mail Online. Retrieved from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2169610/Two-thirds-turn-drink-relax-stressful-day-work.html

• Sandy Smith. (2013). Are Health Care and Hospital Workers Most Stressed?. EHS Today. Retrieved from: http://ehstoday.com/health/are-health-care-and-hospital-workers-most-stressed

• Bectel, J. (2012). Milk Thistle: A Herb That Stops Cancer and Cures Hangovers. Health Kismet

Blog. Retrieved from:

http://blog.healthkismet.com/milk-thistle-health-benefits-cancer-hangover

• L. Squire & E. Kandel (2000) Memory: From Mind to Molecules. New York: Scientific American Library. Retrieved from: http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/hippocampus.html

• Keegan, John (n.d). Emojis Uncovered. WSJ. Retrieved from: http://graphics.wsj.com/emoji/ • Hermogenes, E. (2013). Depressed? Maybe It’s Not You. Rebelle Society. Retrieved from: http

://www.rebellesociety.com/2013/11/08/depressed-maybe-its-not-you/

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