(PowerPoint) Balance of Power

BALANCE OF POWER

Oleh:  Budi  Hartono  

Definisi Balance of Power Definisi Balancing Definisi Bandwagoning

Pendahuluan

•  Political Realism sees international relations mainly as a struggle of self-interested, sovereign states that are involved in a game of power-politics within a permanent state of anarchy.

•  The only way to achieve security in the international system, according to political realism, is by creating a balance of power among the most powerful states of the system (Oldemeinen, 2010).

Definisi Balance of Power •  The balance of power was then regard as a

system in which state power was so distributed that no single state could acquire hegemony without calling into existence an alliance of all other states, an alliance strong enough to defeat the hegemony seeker (Haas, 1953).

•  Balance of power situation has two important meanings. First, the distribution of power that creates the birth of power equal (equilibrium). Second, the principle of the power that should be distributed in the international system that occurred as a cause and consequence of the basic principles of the foreign policy of each country (Grotius, 1583).

Definisi Balancing •  Concept of Balancing is nebulous and is used to

imply the presence of cuntervailing strength against another power (Goh, 2005).

•  Within the neo-realist literature, the key medium of balancing is the forging of temporary alliances, usually with the weaker or less threatening power againts the stronger or more threatening power (Taylor, 2001).

•  Realist claim that balancing is when states ally against the prevailing threat and results in a more secure world whereas in a bandwagoning world security is scare as rising hegemons are not kept in check (Walt, 1987).

Definisi Bandwagoning •  Bandwagoning refers to act of weaker states

joining a stronger power or coalition within balance of power politics (Wright, 1942).

•  Bandwagoning occurs when weaker states decide that the cost of opposing a stronger power exceeds the benefits (Waltz, 1979).

•  With bandwagoning, the threatened state abandons hope of preventing the aggresor from gaining power at its expense and instead joins forces with its dangerous foe to get at least some small portion of the spoils of war (Mearsheimer, 2001).

Mengapa dalam kondisi lingkungan

politik internasional yang anarki balance of power menjadi penting?  

“The core of balance of power theory is the idea that national security is enhanced when military capabilities are distributed so that

no one state is strong enough to dominate all other” (Kegley and Eugene,

2005).

Studi Kasus

Pelopponessian War Battle of Chibi Battle of Waterloo Doraemon

Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) Delian League (led by Athens)

VS Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta)

Battle of Chibi (208 BC) Liu Bei coalition with Sun Quan

VS Cao Cao

Battle of Waterloo (1815) Seventh Coalition

VS France (Napoleon)

Doraemon  DOMINATIO

N  

Bandwagoning  Alliance  

TERIMA  KASIH