powerpoint 6b world cultures THE AMERINDIANS, AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINALS, AND THE TRIBES OF AFRICA
Feb 24, 2016
powerpoint 6b
world culturesTHE AMERINDIANS, AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINALS, AND
THE TRIBES OF AFRICA
amerindian culturesdreamcatcherthe art object
• sinew webbing tied around a wooden circular or teardrop frame (similar to the fashioning of snowshoes)
• hung over sleeping children’s beds to ward off bad dreams or catch bad dreams in the web
• based on legends and myths concerning the spider-woman
the people/culture
Culture: Ojibwe or Ojibway (Chippewa)
Geography:one of the largest tribes formerly located along the east coast of the USA and Canada and throughout the Great Lakes area
Language: Algonquin language Ojibwemowin
Handicrafts: birch bark scrolls, canoes, and cowry shells
Beliefs: secretive religion Midewiwin
Traditions:live in sedentary bands using hunting and fishing, and the cultivation of maize and squash as means of sustenance; typical wigwam dwellings
amerindian cultureskachinas
the art object
• stylize religious icons carved from cottonwood and painted/ornamented to represent various gods, heroes and characters from traditional myths and legends
• used to instruct new generations about traditions and stories (never used as a doll!)
the people/culture
Culture: Hopi
Geography: like all Pueblo peoples lived in large areas of the American Southwest
Language:Hopi is an Uto-Aztecan language and is divided into four dialects: First Mesa, Mishongnovi, Shipaulovi and Third Mesa
Handicrafts: silver jewelry, pottery, coil/wicker basketry
Traditions:organized in matrilineal clans with a long tradition of agriculture; lived in multi-storied, apartment-styled buildings made of stone, clay and adobe mud
amerindian cultureschilkat weavingthe art object
• hand-woven blankets, robes, dance-tunics and wall-hangings; typically worn by high-ranking officials and during ceremonies and dances
• one of the most complex techniques allowing for curvilinear lines and circular patterns within the weave
the people/culture
Culture: Tlingit/Lingit
Geography: Northwest coasts of USA and Canada
Language: Tlingit is a branch of the Na-Dené language family
Art:Pacific Northwest Coast art represented in totem-poles and lithographs using mostly red and black colors and representing legendary creatures
Beliefs: animism; ritual purifications before hunts
Traditions:hunter/gather societies developed in temperate rainforests; oratory traditions about the kinship of families; emphasis on generosity and charity
amerindian culturessoapstone fetishes
the art object
• revered and sacred animals carved from walrus-ivory or soapstone in naturalistic-abstract, stylized forms
• typically very small for ease of carrying• rooted in prehistoric carvings; techniques passed down from
generation to generation
the people/culture
Culture: The Inuit
Geography: Arctic Regions
Language: Inuit is grouped under Eskimo-Aleut languages
Handicrafts: kayaks, snowshoes, parkas, dog sleds
Beliefs: environmental animism/shamanism; Northern Lights considered sacred and magical
Traditions:lineage traced back to Paleo-Indian and prehistoric peoples; hunted whales, bear, walrus, caribou and seal; lived in snow/ice dwellings such as igloos or sod-houses
australian aboriginal culturesbark paintings
the art object
• patterns and symbols used by the artist are owned by that artist alone and cannot be reproduced by others; these symbols would also be painted on their bodies during ceremony
• bark is treated with ochre; a border and dividing lines are painted; figurative, clan and geometric designs are used; crosshatching and dots are applied to finalize the dream-story or map of the dreamtime
the people/culture
Cultures: Garadjeri, Mangala, Yaoro, Djungun, Ngombal etc.
Geography: Kimberley region of northern Western Australia
Beliefs: wadjinas and other rain and creator spirits; dreamtime; the rainbow serpent; songlines
Traditions:patrilineal descent groups; oral traditions and nomadic; initiation ceremonies; fire-stick farming; smoking ceremonies; walkabout – rite of passage journey; astronomy and music practices
australian aboriginal culturesx-ray paintings
the art object
• animals and human figures are represented with their internal organs and skeletons clearly visible
• includes sacred art of ancestral beings and everyday people• a silhouette of the person, animal or spirit is painted and
then the details of the backbone, ribs and bones are added • occur mostly as rock art, in caves and in rock shelters
the people/culture
Cultures: ancestors of and the Yolngu peoples
Geography: Arnhem Land in northern Australia
Cites: can be found at Ubirr Rock, Injalak Hill, and in the Canon Hill area
Handicrafts: basket-weaving from dyed pandanus leaves; seed and fishbone necklaces; boomerangs
Traditions: sea cucumber fishing; brother-sister avoidance relationships; classification of food groups; ba
australian aboriginal culturesdidgeridoos
the art object
• drone pipes made from hardwood, especially eucalyptus, that have been naturally hollowed by termites
• decorated with traditional aboriginal symbols, patterns and imagery
• used during ceremonial dances as accompaniment to singing and played by sucking in and blowing out
the people/culture
Cultures: the Yolngu peoples
Geography: Arnhem Land in northern Australia
Handicrafts: basket-weaving from dyed pandanus leaves; seed and fishbone necklaces
Beliefs: wadjinas and other rain and creator spirits; dreamtime; the rainbow serpent; songlines
Traditions: sea cucumber fishing; brother-sister avoidance relationships; classification of food groups; ba
african cultureskente cloths
the art object
• woven cloths using geometric patterns and having symbolic meanings such as: creativity, knowledge from experience, monetary success or authority
• colors have meanings, too: black – maturity, blue – love, green – vegetation, gold – wealth, gray – healing, red – spiritual moods, and silver – serenity
the people/culture
Culture: The Akan peoples
Geography: Ghana
Language: Akan language groups: Kwa, Kru, Bia, and Biole
Handicrafts:cast bronze-gold weights, cultural jewelry: neck-wear, wristbands, hatpins and headbands; adinkra symbols – logos representing ideas and messages
Beliefs: traveler’s tales; trickster spirits & elemental spirits
Traditions: matrilineal lineage clans; traditional chieftaincies; forty-two day calendar cycles
african culturesceremonial & scared masks
the art object
• used in ceremonies, rites of passage and magical rituals and represent sacred animals, gods, spirits and tricksters, feminine beauty and deceased ancestors/ancestral spirits
• mask-making is a sacred art passed on from father to son• Made of wood and ornamented with stone, metal, ochre,
fabric, hair, horns, shells and feathers
the people/culture
Culture: Bambara ethnic groups
Geography: Mali
Language: part of the closely related Manding, within the larger Mandé group
Handicrafts: n’tomo masks, chiwaras – ritual objects (figurines and headdresses) representing antelopes
Beliefs: ancestor worship; today mostly Islam
Traditions: oral traditions and storytelling; caste systems; historian/praise-singers; initiation rites
african culturesblackwood carvings
the art object
• typically carved from african blackwoord (mpingo), originally known as ebony
• abstract and stylized figures representing the shetani - mostly malevolent spirits in myth and popular belief
• shetani appear as distorted, malformed human and animal figures sometimes with one eye, no teeth and bent over in contorted positions
the people/culture
Culture: Makonde ethnic group
Geography: southeast Tanzania and northern Mozambique
Language: a Central Bantu language closely related to Yao
Beliefs: shetani cults; ancestral worship; today mostly Muslim or Catholic
Traditions:coming of age rituals; matrilineal inheritance; dancing ceremonies; slash and burning farming; villages are independent with no central ruler of the entire people