PowerAct Operations Manual Rev 0.2 Page 1 | 46 Visit Powerside.com for the latest manual PowerAct Active Filter Operations Manual The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. POWERSIDE MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. Powerside shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. If you do not accept this limitation on liability, please return the product to Powerside prior to use. If you find information in this manual that is incorrect, misleading, or incomplete, we would appreciate your comments and suggestions. Powerside 7850 TransCanada Hwy 980 Atlantic Ave. Saint-Laurent, Quebec Alameda, CA 514-333-8393 510-522-4400 www.powerside.com
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PowerAct Operations Manual Rev 0.2 P a g e 1 | 46
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PowerAct Active Filter
Operations Manual
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. POWERSIDE MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. Powerside shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. If you do not accept this limitation on liability, please return the product to Powerside prior to use. If you find information in this manual that is incorrect, misleading, or incomplete, we would appreciate your comments and suggestions.
1 Information on this document .............................................................................................................................. 4
3 Function description ............................................................................................................................................. 7
4 User Interfaces .................................................................................................................................................... 10
5 Operating the PowerAct Active Filter ................................................................................................................ 13
6 Commissioning and system start-up ................................................................................................................. 15
7 Display and Control Screen—Touch Panel (HMI) ........................................................................................... 16
7.1 Control modes ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 Reactive power Settings ..................................................................................................................................... 18
7.5 System Identification Algorithm (SIA) Harmonic Correction ........................................................................... 21
7.6 DC voltage regulation—DC link ......................................................................................................................... 25
9 Information on complying with grid connection rules ..................................................................................... 27
APPENDIX A: Fieldbus States & Commands ............................................................................................................ 33
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1 Information on this document
Information on this document
The text can include abbreviations. The first usage will be written out in full and the abbreviation will follow in
parentheses.
Terminology Abbreviation
Active filter ACF
IGBT Power Unit IPU
Measurement Unit MIO
Control Computer Unit CCU
Web User Interface WUI
Human Machine Interface (touch panel) (HMI)
System Identification Algorithm—grid analysis SIA
Per Unit—these are unitless dimensions, based on the system rated
value. Example: 1.1 pu voltage means grid rated voltage x 1.1.
pu
Scope of manual
This manual describes the user interface and the operating modes of the PowerAct Active Filter series.
The user manual describes how to use the installed software, such as for operation, basic configuration and
commissioning.
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2 Safety Warnings and Instructions
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
Please read the operating instructions prior to installation. The operating instructions explain how to operate
the product safely. The notes listed below warn of possible sources of danger and provide information on the
correct use of the active filter.
Priority must be given to the respectively applicable, recognized regulations of the technology, as well as the
accident prevention regulations and, if applicable, internal regulations in the most up-to-date version.
The system contains LETHAL VOLTAGES. All repairs and service should be performed by
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY.
Death, serious injury, or fire hazard could result from improper connection or operation of this instrument.
Read and understand this manual before connecting the device.
This equipment may present an arc flash hazard. Personal Protection Equipment may be required. Refer
to NFPA70E for sections related to Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace.
This system contains energy storage devices (capacitors) that may present a shock hazard even with
primary power disconnected
Ensure that the current transformer’s secondary circuit is short-circuited (CT shorting block provided by
others) prior to working on current transformer circuits. Under no circumstances should the secondary
circuit of the CTs be operated in the open state as lethal voltages may be present.
The voltage of the DC link may be above 1000 V. Allow 60 minutes discharging time before work. Verify
voltage levels using appropriate instrument.
All local applicable standards and specifications, in addition to the generally recognized codes of practice,
must be observed.
If configured for remote communications an unintended/remote start may occur if input power is available.
Remove power if personal safety makes it essential to prevent an unintentional start.
All people who are involved in the setting up, commissioning, operation, maintenance or repair of the
device must be adequately professionally qualified and must read, and following, operating instructions
provided. If you are unsure TAKE NO ACTION without contacting qualified personnel.
DANGER
WARNING
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Do not install or operation this system close to a gas or electric heat source
The operating environment should be maintained within the parameters stated in this manual
Keep surrounding uncluttered, clean, and free from excessive moisture and particulates. The device may only be used in accordance with its intended use. Unauthorized and improperly performed
work on the device and tampering with system-internal protection functions are prohibited!
Any persons who configure settings on the device, commission it or change its settings at a later date must
be sufficiently qualified, meaning that they have successfully completed a product-specific training
program.
NOTICE: These operating instructions have been created with great care; however, Powerside cannot
assume any liability for the freedom from errors of the operating instructions or for damage resulting from
the use of the manual. We will strive to fix any errors that we become aware of as quickly as possible.
Please refer to the Powerside web site for the latest version of this manual.
The PowerAct Active Filter is an electronic grid filter. Its role is to feed fundamental (50/60 Hz) and
harmonic currents to improve the voltage quality in electrical AC voltage grids.
It must only be possible for authorized persons to come into contact with, to access and to intervene in the
PowerAct Active Filter—i.e., the cabinet door is to be kept closed and locked. The key to the room/cabinet
may only be available to authorized persons.
The devices may only be operated with the cabinet doors closed.
The devices may only be operated if they have been installed correctly (see PowerAct Installation Manual).
Correct installation includes both the attachment and state of the cabinet, as well as the electrical
connection and electrical protection.
The PowerAct Active Filter may only be used for the function described in this document.
Interventions in the hardware and software are not permitted.
The PowerAct Active Filter is designed for the environmental conditions described in the installation
manual and may only be operated under these conditions.
CAUTION
INTENDED USE
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3 Function description
This section provides an overview of the compensation settings of the PowerAct Active Filter. These settings can
be changed via the touch panel (HMI) or the Web User Interface (WUI). Details on this are provided in a later
section. Please refer to the Overview section in the PowerAct Installation Manual for an overview of the operating
principle.
Before the system can be used, it must be commissioned. This includes setting up the basic and operating
parameters of the system. Commissioning can either be performed via the touch panel or the WUI.
There are three (3) basic compensation modes
Reactive Power Compensation
Load Balancing
Harmonic Compensation
Reactive power compensation
The active filter can be configured for droop or dynamic reactive power compensation.
In static operation, a defined reactive power (Qref—Reactive Power Control) is generated similarly to a fixed
capacitor or choke.
In dynamic operation, the filter regulates its output power of the fundamental oscillation such that a defined power
factor (range) is maintained at the measurement point. The target range can be specified via an upper and lower
limit value of the active power factor (cosφ).
Note: All settings relate only to the fundamental (60Hz) and have no influence on the harmonics. Please note in
comparison measurements that the active power factor (cosφ) in distorted grids does not correspond to the power
factor (λ), because the active power factor (cosφ) does not contain a harmonic component by definition.
Load balancing (LB)
Load balancing is used to balance the asymmetrical current consumption of one or more loads at a network node
defined by the MIO measurement point. The function compensates for the difference of the fundamental
oscillation components of the three-phase currents with each other and thus produces a symmetrical grid load.
The regulation is configured separately for the negative sequence system (asymmetry caused by load between
two conductors) and zero sequence system (asymmetry caused by single-phase loads L against N, 4-wire
systems only):
Balancing ∆: Compensation level as a percentage [%] of the negative sequence system
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Through this division into the symmetrical components, the symmetry is restored without any explicit
compensation of reactive power.
Functional notes:
The active and reactive components of the current will always be balanced with the same compensation
level
Prerequisites for zero sequence system compensation are the use of four-wire IPUs with N-connection and a
three-phase load/grid current measurement with the MIO.
Balancing the fundamental oscillation leads to an increased load on the DC link and can therefore lead to the
power limitation (derating) of the system with the message “Derating: DC voltage unbalanced”:
Variable per IPU Derating AC RMS
current 3W
Positive sequence system 125A
Negative sequence system 125A
Zero sequence system NA
Table 2: Derating limit values per IPU
The open/closed loop parameterization has the following effect on the behavior
Open loop: The currents are measured at the load and set at the IPU output
Closed loop: The currents are measured in the grid and regulated at the measurement point
Harmonic Compensation
The function SHC (Selective Harmonic Compensation) compensates for (“filters”) harmonics in the energy supply
grid.
For this, differentiated modes are distinguished for this which achieve both optimized current-based and
optimized voltage-based results for different requirements and grid conditions.
The following modes are available separately and can be individually configured for each harmonic
(3rd to 51st order):
1. Switched off No output
2. To zero Regulates the current output at the system connection point to zero
3. Compensation I Reduces the harmonic current measured at the connection point of the MIO by the
set compensation level (0 ...100%)—with current measurement.
Compensation U Reduces the
harmonic voltage measured at the connection point of the MIO by the set
compensation level (0 ...100%)—without current measurement.
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4. 5. U Limit/I-Ctrl Limits the harmonic voltage measured at the connection point of the MIO to the set
maximum value taking the set maximum compensation level (0 … 100% based on
current) into consideration—with current measurement.
U Limit/U-Ctrl Limits the
harmonic voltage measured at the connection point of the MIO to the set maximum
value taking the set maximum compensation level (0 … 100% based on voltage)
into consideration—without current measurement
voltage-based compensation modes.
Modes 4 and 6 do not need an external current transformer. They function exclusively based on the measured
line voltage.
In these modes, the compensation level relates to the reduction of the voltage based on the SIA grid analysis.
0% corresponds to the operating mode “to zero” (no output current at this frequency)
100% regulates to the line voltage only and reduces this to the desired value 0.
NOTICE: It is strongly recommended that modes 4 and 6 NOT BE USED with manual SIA!
NOTICE: The tolerance in terms of the compensation level in these modes can be up to +/-30%. It is therefore
recommended that full compensation (100%) or the combination with Limit U be used as the setting.
Current-Based Compensation Modes
In modes 3 and 5, the compensation level is based on the current. Here, the compensation level describes the
ratio of system output current to grid current at the MIO connection point:
0% corresponds to the operating mode “to zero” (no output current at this frequency)
100% only regulates the grid current and reduces this to the desired value 0.
Limiting compensation modes
In modes 5 and 6, the compensation is only active if the configured voltage limit values are exceeded at the MIO
connection point. The system only supplies enough output necessary to comply with these limits.
In all modes, the compensation level applies in the same way for the positive, negative and zero sequence
systems, and is only specified once per harmonic. Compensation of the zero sequence system is only relevant
for 4-wire systems. The selective regulators for all odd-numbered harmonics of the ordinal numbers 3rd to 51st
operate parallel to each other without functional limitations in a system configuration (up to max. 4x IPUs and 1x
MIO).
With the SIA function (System Identification Algorithm), the system performs an automated grid scan to
determine the frequency response.
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4 User Interfaces
There are four different user interfaces:
1. Human Machine Interface (HMI) via touch panel or Web User Interface (WMI)
2. Fieldbus interface (to a superordinate control technology system)
3. Digital inputs and outputs
4. SD card (offline system configuration via the manipulation of text files)—NOTICE: ONLY TO BE USED BY
AUTHORIZED SERVICE PERSONNEL!
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
The touch panel and WUI (Web User Interface) layouts are as effectively identical. The WUI (Java
applet) includes additional functions for data management on the SD card
touch panel.
The system can be configured, commissioned and operated via the touch panel in the front door. It can be used
to easily set parameters, check operating states, and display the measured data and system state during
operation. The touch panel can be used for entering commands and for menu navigation.
Touching the screen in the designated areas will call up, for example, the operating mode, the menu items or
measured values:
Figure 4.1: HMI home screen
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Number Meaning
1 Device state with current parameter set
2 Message area for warnings and errors
3 Measured values—tap to see further details
4 Date and time
5 Language selection
6 Return to the home screen
7 Menu
8 Stop
9 Pause
10 Start
Table 4.1: Home screen legend
(HMI) home screen
Overview of the most important device functions and operating parameters
An equivalent circuit is displayed in the center
Four info boxes display the following measurement points:
Load (displayed: Irms; THDi; Q; P)
Grid (displayed: Irms; THDi; Q; P)
Busbar (displayed: U, THDu, f)
ACF (displayed: Irms; THDi; Q; Utilization)
Tapping on the info boxes will take you directly to the respective screens with the complete measurement data.
Display Header
Left: State display: (Run, Stop, Eco, Idle, Error) and skipping to the selection menu for the
current parameter set
Center: Pending messages and errors, and skipping to the message list
Right: Company logo and HMI-screenshot function to inserted SD card (in the touch panel)
The parameter set currently in use is displayed.
Tapping the display brings up a new window in which the parameter set can be changed.
Display Footer
Start, Stop, Pause, can be selected here and can be changed from any menu
Date and time
Currently selected language
Home screen button
Menu button
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WUI — Web User Interface
As an alternative, the system can be operated graphically via a PC. To do so, the respective device
is to be connected to the TCP/IP interface of the control computer and the Java applet called up. The
tabs in the interface also provide access to the SD card contents with copy function to the connected
PC. A site-specific IP address can be assigned at the touch panel.
Anybus Fieldbus Interface
The control computer (CCU) has an integrated Anybus interface. Any approved plug-in modules from the
manufacturer HMS can provide native communications using the Modbus and BACnet protocols.
SD Card
The control computer comes equipped with an SD card. In addition to the programs for operating the system, this
memory card also contains all configured parameters. These can be edited offline via a text editor, e.g., to set the
system configuration parameters (hardware configuration) or to configure general basic settings, e.g., to preset
the parameter sets. Card can be inserted or removed only when the system is deactivated. All parameter settings
via touch panel or Java applet are also stored on the SD card (online).
NOTICE: Parameter changes which are made directly in the text files of the SD card are not checked for
plausibility. Incorrect changes can lead to malfunctions or even to irreversible hardware damage—therefore,
changes may only be made by authorized personnel. The manufacturer’s warranty will become void in the event
of unauthorized manipulation of data on the SD card.
The SD cards approved for use is SanDisk, 16 GB, HC, class 4
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5 Operating the PowerAct Active Filter
Once the system has been switched via the switch S1 and it has booted up, it can be started and
stopped via the user interface:
The following internal system states are issued via the user interface Java/touch panel:
Name (No.) Description
INIT System boot-up phase
All system parameters are loaded
IDLE Parameter entry complete
PRECHARGE The pre-charging unit is charging the DC link voltage
STOP-PRECHARGE Pre-charging process interrupted
RUN The system is operating in compensation mode
ERROR Issue of an error message Stops PWM pulsing
Stops compensation mode
PAUSE Compensation of the grid-side current to “zero”
DERATING Output power choking
Table 5.1: System states
Manual start and stop
The control commands are created in local access mode via the Play/Stop/Pause buttons on the HMI
or, in remote access mode, via fieldbus.
Table 5.2: Function buttons and meaning
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Control command Control command set via Target status
Start command • HMI Play button
• Digital inputs (MIOs)
• Via auto-restart or
• auto-start command
• Fieldbus
STATE_RUN
Stop command • HMI Stop button
• Stop command from
the MIO digital input
• Via auto-restart or
auto-start command
• Via induced warm start
• Fieldbus
STATE_IDLE
Pause command • HMI Pause button
• Digital inputs (MIOs)
• Fieldbus (no active PWM)
STATE_PAUSE
Error ACK command • HMI Error ACK button
• Digital inputs (MIOs)
• Via auto-restart
• Fieldbus
If the error is
successfully reset, the
following target state is
set: STATE_IDLE
Table 5.3: system states
Custom alarm messages and warnings
The system contains both hardware and software that continuously monitor the operating states and trigger
alarms or warnings that put the system in a safe, stopped error state or that issue messages to the HMI. Using
the programmable internal digital inputs or outputs, the user can implement remote monitoring.
Acknowledging Alarm Messages
Pending alarms are reported at the HMI. Alarms may be acknowledged. If the cause of an alarm remains a new
alarm is triggered. If an alarm forced the system to standby all alarms must be acknowledged before the system
will allow a restart. It is strongly recommended that the cause of the error be identified before acknowledging an
alarm in order to prevent damage in the system or the installation.
Java application (WUI)
The PowerAct Active Filter can be configured and monitored remotely via Ethernet from a PC web browser with a
valid and current Java installation. System IP address can be assigned and viewed at the touch panel (HMI).
Web version displays the same screen views as those appearing on the touch panel. Note that touch panel
access will be denied if while Java app is active.
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6 Commissioning and system start-up
Refer to PowerAct Active Filter Installation Manual.
Review and update the system operating parameters set at the factory
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7 Display and Control Screen—Touch Panel (HMI)
(HMI) Home screen
The button for switching to the home screen is in the footer. The values displayed are
Grid data
Load data
Voltage values
System values
Tapping on the info boxes calls up the respective measurements screen directly.
(HMI) Maintenance > Security > User-Password
The user can log out via this screen. If the user does not log out manually, the system will automatically
log the user out after an admin-configurable delay.
The user PIN can also be re-entered here. The default PIN is 0000.
5. HMI user Operators (e.g., electricians without specific knowledge)
6. HMI no login No access rights, display only
Table 9.6: Access hierarchy
Protection—HMI
Access to the system is protected by a three-stage access level:
User level Rights and obligations
Administrator (Service) • Can view settings and measured values. • Can also configure settings that • may impair the safety/function of the system. • Can access the file system on the SD card
remotely via Java applet.
User • Can view settings and measured values. • Can configure settings that are not • reserved for Service.
Display • Can only view settings and measured values.
• Cannot configure any additional settings.
Table 9.7: User level and assigned rights
The security settings are saved on the SD card under “/CONFIGS/Security.txt.” If this file is deleted, the PIN will
be reset to 0000 (or 4321 for Service). Furthermore, the control check is disabled, i.e., anyone can change
settings immediately. The PIN entry for users is red, the PIN entry for administrators (Service) is blue:
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Figure 9.8: Administrator login mask
Figure 9.9: User login mask
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APPENDIX A: Fieldbus States and Commands
The following states are issued via the fieldbus interface:
State name Number Description
STATE_OFFLINE 0 //no communication
STATE_INIT 1 //Initialization/Booting in progress
STATE_IDLE 2 //System waiting for Instructions, main contactor open, IGBTs not
working
STATE_GO_IDLE 4 //System changing to STATE_IDLE
STATE_ERROR 8 //System in error state
STATE_PAUSE 9 //System pause, MAIN contactor closed, IGBTs are switching
STATE_SYNC_TO_V 10 //System is synchronized to grid
STATE_BLACKSTART 11 //System is black starting
STATE_COMPENSATOR 12 //System is in grid parallel mode
STATE_ISLANDING 13 //System in island mode
STATE_SIA 14 //System is analyzing grid
STATE_FRT 15 //Fault Ride Through
Control mode meaning/SD card
parameters Active power (P-
Control)
Description Data
type
Unit Min Max Default PackedID ParamID
ActivePowerControl
::
General::MODE_I
0: = DISABLE, 1: =
ACTIVE_POWER_ CONTROL,
2:= ACTIVE_POWER_LIMITER
Float No unit 0 2 0 2 0
Reactive power (Q-Control) Description Data type Unit Min Max Default PackedID ParamID
ReactivePowerControl::
General::MODE_I
0: = DISABLE, 1: =
REACTIVE_POWER_
CONTROL, 2: =
POWER_FACTOR_
CORRECTION, 3: =
VOLTAGE_CONTROL
Float No unit 0 3 0 3 0
Current balancing Description Data
type
Unit Min Max Default PackedID ParamID
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LoadBalancingControl:: MODE_I 0: = DISABLE, 1: =
Delta balancing, 2: = Star balancing
Float No unit 0 3 0 4 0
Harmonic compensation
(harmonics)
Description Data
type
Unit Min Max Default PackedID ParamID
HarmonicControlGeneral::
MODE_I
0: = DISABLE, 1: = DELTA, 2: =
STAR, 3: = DELTA_STAR
Float No unit 0 3 0 6 0
SD card parameters–Charge Rate
- Regulation basic settings
Description Data type Unit Min Max Default PackedID ParamID
For the regulation of the individual functions, a time constant can be set. This enables project-specific interactions with other systems combined with dynamic
requirements to be taken into account. The change rate of the reference values is another setting option. This means that in the event of a reference value jump,
the slew rate is limited internally. A value of zero deactivates the limitation.