® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others. PT Power Technologies PT Power Technologies Enterprise Platform Power Enterprise Platform Power Efficiency for Future Server Efficiency for Future Server Systems Systems Tomm Aldridge Manager – Enterprise Power & Thermal Technology Labs Intel Corporation
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®
The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
Enterprise Platform Power Enterprise Platform Power Efficiency for Future Server Efficiency for Future Server SystemsSystems
Tomm AldridgeManager – Enterprise Power & Thermal
Technology LabsIntel Corporation
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
AgendaAgenda
Current state of the technology for platform power systemsPower architecture (example), main component blocks, etc.in-efficiencies in platform power systems.Possible next directions in power system architecturesCall to action
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power TechnologiesServer Power EcosystemServer Power EcosystemPDS – Power Delivery System: From wall to device
Raw Power Generation and Bulk Delivery
Delivered
to Building
BLDGPWRInput
PDS
To Rack Servers
And to the device
UPS
To Data Center
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
Typical Data Center Power System Typical Data Center Power System ArchitectureArchitecture
Power Delivery System (PDS) Today
Out
Internal Drive
HDD
PCI I/O
Memory Controller
Processor
SDRAM
Graphics Controller
DC/DCAC/DC
DC/DC
PSU
5V
12V
12V, 5V, -5V, 3.3V
12V
1.5/2.5V
0.9-1.3
3.3V
3.3V
Bridge ChipDC/DC 1.5-many
Fans, Baseboard Mangement, etc.
12V/5V/standby
Multi-outputDC/DC
Switcher
Server
BLDGPWRInput Inverter
Bypass
Battery/ChargerRectifier UPS
PDU
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
UPS TechnologyUPS TechnologyUPS – un-interruptible power supply– Either in series or parallel with mains.– Highly efficient (>88%).– Stand Alone Technology
UPS ExampleUPS Example UPS EFF’Y RANGE
Inverter
In Out
Bypass
Battery/ChargerRectifier
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
PSUPSUAC/DC– Contains Filter/PFC/Bridge/Boost/Conversion to
DC voltages – 3.3/5/12/standby.– Typically low efficiency – 65-80%
90V to 264VAC
5V standby
Post reg.
Post reg.
Post reg.
Post reg.
-12V
3.3V
5V
12V
EMI
FILTER
PFC
circuit
DC/DC
converter
DC/DC
converter
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
PSU Efficiency ConcernsPSU Efficiency Concerns450W Efficiency vs Load
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
10% 30% 50% 70% 90%
Output Power of Max power(450W)
Efficiency
90Vin
246Vin
Server Mean PowerServer Mean Power•• ““Quality” multi output Quality” multi output server PSserver PS
•• 77% Max efficiency77% Max efficiency
•• Server loads highly Server loads highly variablevariable
•• Mean power ~ 40% of Mean power ~ 40% of ratedrated
•• ½ time below puts us ½ time below puts us in “DANGER ZONE”in “DANGER ZONE”
•• New Power New Power Management Management Techniques ComingTechniques Coming
••Lowers Mean!Lowers Mean!
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
VRD’s/VRM’sVRD’s/VRM’sDC/DC– Typically good efficiency 75-88%
Could go to 90% at today’s levels– Buck topologies typically & small– Lots of Efficiency Optimization in Place
#1
#2
#3
#4
SequentialLogic
CONTROLLER
L1
C BULK
R SV OUT
L2
L3
L4
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
Efficiency Efficiency StackupStackup
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
Server System Power ConsumptionServer System Power Consumption
#1 Power User is the Power System Conversion Loss (36%)
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
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Where the power goes…Where the power goes…
PDU/UPS 95WPDU/UPS 95W
PSU 195WPSU 195W
VR’s 90WVR’s 90W
Load 360WLoad 360W740W Input
Only ~½ input power goes to load
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power TechnologiesPossible Next Directions…Possible Next Directions…New Power System Architecture– Segmentation– Scalable / POL Active Regulators (POLAR)
Out
EMI/Filter- PFC
Memory
AC/DC
Thermal Mangement,
etc.
Server
Inverter
Bypass
Battery/ChargerRectifier
PDU/UPS
400VDC –12VDCPOLAR
400VDC –12VDCPOLAR
400VDC –12VDCPOLAR
Memory Cntl
uP(2), MC, Bridge
I/O
HDD’s
Internal Drive
Server Mang.
Int. Cntl
Bulk CapRide-Thru
AC Out or DC Out
BLDGPWRInput
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
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Some Ingredients: Server PS Some Ingredients: Server PS ArchitecturesArchitectures
Segmentation and Distribution Example
POLAR
POLAR
POLAR
DC OutHV DC
In
ServerServer PCB Mounted
AC Input
Full-BridgeRectifier
EMIFilter
PFC + Boost
EMIFilter
Rack or ServerRack or Server
••Input Filter Input Filter –– PFC PFC –– Boost Boost -- BridgeBridge••Separate box for Filter in Separate box for Filter in serverserver••PFC & Boost may be in rack PFC & Boost may be in rack for scalabilityfor scalability
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power TechnologiesSome Ingredients: Some Ingredients: POLAR’sPOLAR’s
Polars (Point of Load Active Regulators)– Conversion Module – Higher Voltage DC in / Lower
Voltage DC outParallelable, external control, simple, scalable, highly efficient
POLAR in ServerPOLAR Module
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
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Improve energy efficiency
Some Ingredients: Demand Based SwitchingSome Ingredients: Demand Based SwitchingPrinciple– Optimize processor
performance (speed) UtilizationAllocation/Budget
Ingredients– Processor P states– OS directed changes
HaltHalt
Idle
4 GHz4 GHz1.39V1.39V103W103W
3.6 GHz3.6 GHz1.33V1.33V89W89W
3.2 GHz3.2 GHz1.27V1.27V77W77W
2.8 GHz2.8 GHz1.2 V1.2 V65W65W
High LowUtilization
HypotheticalHypotheticalNumbers Numbers
Modulate Performance/PowerOperating Point of Processor
Modulate Performance/PowerOperating Point of Processor
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power TechnologiesWhat about Server Utilization What about Server Utilization Effects??Effects??
Power is under utilized – in some cases, less than 50% of power in server may be used.
A day in Exchange Workload
0102030405060708090
100
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
CPU 1 CPU 2 AC Power AC PowerWith DBS
Processor utilization indicates how busy a server is.
Processor utilization with DBS indicates load power is also low.
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
Rack power & cooling
AdministrativePolicy System Usage
Workload Predictor
Utility Power,Backup Power
Some Ingredients: Enterprise Power & Some Ingredients: Enterprise Power & Thermal ManagerThermal Manager
Policy based management maximizesuse of space, power & cooling
Policy based management maximizesuse of space, power & cooling
(Hotspots)Thermocouples
Cooling systems
EPTMEPTMEnterprise PowerEnterprise Power
and Thermal Managerand Thermal Manager
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power TechnologiesAnswers to the Challenge
Call to Action: Server PowerCall to Action: Server PowerIncrease overall PDS efficiency above 75% in all platform systemsRe-vamp server level PS architecture for size, efficiency, and costPSU needs overhaul for server systems– Make PSU synergistic with server system requirements and
power system architectureUse DBS – demand based switching – to minimize overall power in system VR’s could to maintain cost structure and increase in density.UPS/PDU’s could to increase in efficiency to be above 90% - combined.
IntelLabs
® The Intel logo and Intel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United states and other countries. *Other names and brands are the property of others.
PTPower TechnologiesPT
Power Technologies
Questions?Questions?
ContactsContactsPTTL– [email protected]
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