International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 4 (2013) No. 1, pp. 907-913 ISSN 2078-2365 907 Power System Transient Stability Analysis with High Wind Power Penetration Abstract— Some countries did not have adequate fuel and water power resources, which led them to look for alternative ways of generating electricity such as wind power, solar power, geothermal power and biomass power, called renewable energy. Wind energy is one of the most available and exploitable forms of renewable energy due to their advantages. However the high penetration of wind power systems in the electrical network has introduced new issues in the stability and transient operation of power system. The majority of wind farms installed are using fixed speed wind turbines equipped with squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG). Therefore, the analysis of power system dynamics with the SCIG wind turbines has become a very important research issue, especially during transient faults. This paper provides an assessment of wind penetration effects on the power system transient stability. The wind generators considered are the squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), which is a fixed speed. Index Terms— Power system, Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG), Wind Penetration, Transient stability, Critical Clearing Time (CCT) I. INTRODUCTION Wind generators are primarily classified as fixed speed or variable speed. Due to its low maintenance cost and simple construction, squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is mostly used for wind power generation [1]. SCIGs directly connect to the grid and they don’t have convertor like DFIGs. Because of lack of convertor and robust control procedure, SCIGs are more sensitive to wind speed variations rather than DFIGs and mechanical parameters like wind turbine inertia constant and shaft stiffness coefficient have remarkable impact on operation of this kind of wind generators. Moreover they are more sensitive to fluctuations and faults in power system rather than DFIGs [2]. One of important issues engineers have to face is the impact of SCIGs wind turbines penetration on the transient stability of power system. Transient stability entails the evaluation of a power system’s ability to withstand large Prof. Tarek Bouktir acknowledges support from MESRS (Algeria), grant number J0203020080004 disturbances and to survive the transition to another operating condition. These disturbances may be faults such as a short circuit on a transmission line, loss of a generator, loss of a load, gain of load or loss of a portion of transmission network [3]. A number of studies have been conducted on power system transient stability with high penetration of SCIG based wind farms, but they have considered simple network structures [4], [5], [6]. In the present work, the impact of SCIG wind farms installation and penetration on transient stability is demonstrated using the IEEE 30-bus system. Using this network, simulation has been carried out for two different cases and different penetration levels during three phases to ground fault: Case 1: single SCIG wind farm has been connected to grid. Case 2: the network has been modified by connecting two SCIG wind farms. Simulation results show that wind farm consist of constant speed wind turbine in high penetration condition is remarkably influential in transient stability. The paper is organized as follows. Section II briefly introduces the mathematical models of power system and wind generator. The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) formulation is presented in Section III. In section IV, the detail case studies focusing on the impacts of fixed speed grid-connected wind farms on IEEE-30 bus test system are carried out. Finally the conclusions are summarized in Section V. II. POWER SYSTEM MODELLING A. Power System Modelling The power system model consists of synchronous generator, transmission network and static load models, which are presented below. The machine classical electromechanical model is represented by the following differential equations [7]: Power System Transient Stability Analysis with High Wind Power Penetration Amroune Mohammed 1 , Bouktir Tarek 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Setif 1, Algeria 1 [email protected]2 [email protected]
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International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 4 (2013) No. 1, pp. 907-913 ISSN 2078-2365
907 Power System Transient Stability Analysis with High Wind Power Penetration
Abstract— Some countries did not have adequate fuel
and water power resources, which led them to look for
alternative ways of generating electricity such as wind power,
solar power, geothermal power and biomass power, called
renewable energy. Wind energy is one of the most available and
exploitable forms of renewable energy due to their advantages.
However the high penetration of wind power systems in the
electrical network has introduced new issues in the stability
and transient operation of power system. The majority of wind
farms installed are using fixed speed wind turbines equipped
with squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG). Therefore, the
analysis of power system dynamics with the SCIG wind
turbines has become a very important research issue, especially
during transient faults. This paper provides an assessment of
wind penetration effects on the power system transient
stability. The wind generators considered are the squirrel cage
induction generator (SCIG), which is a fixed speed.
Index Terms— Power system, Squirrel Cage Induction