Power System Protection S.A.Soman Abnormality and Faults Abnormal State Sources of Fault Current Introduction to Fuse Fuse Charac- teristics Thermal Characteristics Interrupting Characteristics Classification of Fuses Non-Current Limiting Fuses Current Limiting Fuse Power Class and Distribution Class Fuses Physics of Arc Interruption Summary Power System Protection S.A.Soman Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay Fuse Protection
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Power System Protection - CDEEP · Power System Protection S.A.Soman Abnormality and Faults Abnormal State Sources of Fault Current Introduction to ... The transformer short circuit
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Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Power System Protection
S.A.Soman
Department of Electrical EngineeringIIT Bombay
Fuse Protection
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
1 Abnormality and FaultsAbnormal StateSources of Fault Current
4 Classification of FusesNon-Current Limiting FusesCurrent Limiting FusePower Class and Distribution Class Fuses
5 Physics of Arc Interruption
6 Summary
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Abnormal State
Pertains to deviation from the rated operating point.Operation in this state for a long time can lead todamage of the equipment.It is also unsafe to operate in this region.
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
1 Abnormality and FaultsAbnormal StateSources of Fault Current
4 Classification of FusesNon-Current Limiting FusesCurrent Limiting FusePower Class and Distribution Class Fuses
5 Physics of Arc Interruption
6 Summary
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Sources of Fault CurrentIn a radial system with single source, the magnitude of faultcurrent depends upon the following:
Source contribution.
Transformer impedance.
Motor contribution
Distance of fault from the source.
The transformer short circuit current is given by,
Isc = Transformer Full Load Current × 100%Z
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Introduction to FuseA fuse is a device that opens a circuit with a fusible partwhich is heated and severed by current flowing through it.Itsoperation involves two phases.
Melting of the fuse element when the current has largeenough magnitude.Current interruption when the arc stuck is de-ionized.
4 Classification of FusesNon-Current Limiting FusesCurrent Limiting FusePower Class and Distribution Class Fuses
5 Physics of Arc Interruption
6 Summary
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Non-Current Limiting Fuse
Expulsion Fuse
It is used in overhead circuits and equipments whereexpulsion gases causes no problem.Due to high temperature of the arc, special gasgenerating materials like fiber, melanine,boric acid, oiletc rapidly create gases.These gases help to reduce the arc channel anddeionize the arc.This leads to rapid build up of dielectric strength thatcan withstand the transient recovery voltage.
Vacuum Fuse
Its design, operation and current-voltage-timecharacteristics are similar to that of expulsion fuse.It is a completely sealed unit.There is no expulsion action.
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Non-Current Limiting Fuse
Expulsion FuseIt is used in overhead circuits and equipments whereexpulsion gases causes no problem.Due to high temperature of the arc, special gasgenerating materials like fiber, melanine,boric acid, oiletc rapidly create gases.These gases help to reduce the arc channel anddeionize the arc.This leads to rapid build up of dielectric strength thatcan withstand the transient recovery voltage.
Vacuum Fuse
Its design, operation and current-voltage-timecharacteristics are similar to that of expulsion fuse.It is a completely sealed unit.There is no expulsion action.
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Non-Current Limiting Fuse
Expulsion FuseIt is used in overhead circuits and equipments whereexpulsion gases causes no problem.Due to high temperature of the arc, special gasgenerating materials like fiber, melanine,boric acid, oiletc rapidly create gases.These gases help to reduce the arc channel anddeionize the arc.This leads to rapid build up of dielectric strength thatcan withstand the transient recovery voltage.
Vacuum FuseIts design, operation and current-voltage-timecharacteristics are similar to that of expulsion fuse.It is a completely sealed unit.There is no expulsion action.
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Current-Voltage-Time Relationship of Expulsion Fuse
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
1 Abnormality and FaultsAbnormal StateSources of Fault Current
4 Classification of FusesNon-Current Limiting FusesCurrent Limiting FusePower Class and Distribution Class Fuses
5 Physics of Arc Interruption
6 Summary
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Classification Based on Domain of Application
Power class fuses which are used in or near togenerating station or substation for three phase circuits.
Distribution fuses have specifications closely matchingto distribution system and are away from source orsubstation on a single phase or a three phase system.
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
Physics of Arc Interruption
The differential equation governing the simplified faultcurrent circuit is given by,
v(t)− earc(t) = Ldidt
i(t) =1L
∫(v(t)− earc(t))dt
earc(t) is the arc voltage and v(t) is the source voltage.
Power SystemProtection
S.A.Soman
Abnormalityand FaultsAbnormal State
Sources of FaultCurrent
Introduction toFuse
Fuse Charac-teristicsThermalCharacteristics
InterruptingCharacteristics
Classificationof FusesNon-Current LimitingFuses
Current LimitingFuse
Power Class andDistribution ClassFuses
Physics of ArcInterruption
Summary
Fuse Protection
From the equation it can be seen that
The current is proportional to the area under thedifference of source and arc voltage.
A higher source voltage will adversely affect theinterruption of current.
A high fuse arc voltage will help in limiting the faultcurrent.
The fuse arc voltage sustained over a time has apositive impact on limiting fault current.
Lower the inductance, higher the available prospectivefault current.