Power Quality and EMC R.B. Timens University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands [email protected] This work was carried out within the framework of IOP-EMVT, funded by Agentschap NL, The Netherlands 1 Introduction Grid Law (EN 50160) Harmonized standards (EMC Directive Article 6) ??? Load Load Load Load Load Load User Point of interface (POI) Mobile phone, Transistor radio, Laptop, ..., Integrated mast, Office building, ... Equipment: Conducted immunity/susceptibility Conducted emission Radiated immunity/susceptibility Radiated emission Ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without producing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment Standards for supply and consumption do not match Standards do not cover large number of nonlinear equipment Need for requirements on the voltage quality and current quality inside the power distribution user network (PDUN) reflecting interaction between voltage and current 2 Integrity of waveforms All equipment have power electronic interfaces 0,00 0,01 0,02 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Current Voltage Time (s) Current (A) -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 Voltage (V) 11W CF light PF = 0.6 S = 19 VA A = 0.58 A pp Synchronization effects Deviations in the voltage waveform: function of impedance of PDUN and current (and vice versa) Photovoltaic system disturbed by power drive system (PDS) for ventilation 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 Single-Sided Amplitude Spectrum of V[L-PE] Frequency (Hz) |V[L-PE](f)| Harmonics Radio No standards 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 Single-Sided Amplitude Spectrum of V[L-PE] Frequency (Hz) |V[L-PE](f)| Harmonics Radio No standards PDS off PDS on 50 Hz only L N j0.15 Ω 0.16 Ω 0.24 Ω j0.1 Ω 3 PDUN impedance Impedance (Ohm) Frequency (MHz) 230 V / SEC2 400 V / A6 400 V / SEC2 400 V / A7 400 V / X 400 V / H-F-16 400 V / B18-IH4 400 V / Z-E12 400 V / A5-I1 400 V / W PDUN Thales Hengelo 0.25 uF 8 uF 50 uH 1 kΩ To Power Source To EUT To 50 Ω termination or 50 Ω input of measurement receiver Signal output port 5 Ω Line impedance stabilisation network Capacitive Inductive Resistive Frequency (f) Impedance (Ω) Lumped element circuit Behavior model Current Time Current Frequency Lumped element circuit Behavior model Current Time Current Frequency 4 Equipment behavior 0,00 0,01 0,02 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 Current (A) Voltage Measured current Simulated current Time (s) Voltage (V) -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 C DC V AC + - I AC Z In D 1 D 3 D 2 D 4 Z Load CFL 0,00 0,01 0,02 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 Current (A) Voltage Measured current Simulated current Time (s) Voltage (V) -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 C 1 D 1 D 3 D 2 D 4 Z Load C DC D 5 V DC + - V Pulse + - I Vertical I Horizontal Max hold + - Low pass filter Prototype current waveform Current Time V REF V DC V Pulse V Error A 1 A 2 A 3 V PFC 1-G 0≤G≤1 V AC + - I AC C Line Current Time - PC supply Parameterization R G U DUT + - L G U G I DUT DUT Gray box models: commonly found components + measurements @ PDUN interface 5 Conclusion