Power Protection Power Protection • Stowe Australia Stowe Australia Welcomes Welcomes QESTnet Data Centre QESTnet Data Centre Construction Workshop Seminar Construction Workshop Seminar
Power ProtectionPower Protection
• Stowe AustraliaStowe Australia WelcomesWelcomes
QESTnet Data Centre QESTnet Data Centre Construction Workshop SeminarConstruction Workshop Seminar
• Today’s presenter:Today’s presenter:
• Michael LucykMichael Lucyk
• Stowe Australia Stowe Australia Power Protection Account ManagerPower Protection Account Manager
A Power Protection system is a A Power Protection system is a critical tool in minimizing critical tool in minimizing Business Continuity risk -Business Continuity risk - Manages power quality
Provides support in the event of power interruption
Reduces the risk of disruption to critical business processes
Reduces the risk of lost productivity
Reduces the risk of economic loss
Reduces the risk of disruption to customer service & loss of business
Power Protection & Power Protection & Business ContinuityBusiness Continuity
Growing Need for Power Growing Need for Power ProtectionProtection
UPS power is typically used to support ITUPS power is typically used to support ITinfrastructure -infrastructure -
Computer Rooms; Data Centres; Trading Floors; Call Centres; General Office
Other Applications include –Other Applications include –
Industrial Control Systems; Security Systems
Two major issues are driving use of UPS -Two major issues are driving use of UPS -
Growing Need For Power Growing Need For Power ProtectionProtection
Degradation Of Power QualityDegradation Of Power Quality Lack of investment in power infrastructure by
power utility companies.
Reduction in electrical network maintenance to reduce cost. This decreases the reliability of the power network
Onus onto the end user to provide performance requirements to suit their needs.
Growing Need For Power Growing Need For Power ProtectionProtection
Increasing Demand For Quality Power By Increasing Demand For Quality Power By The End UserThe End User
The use of microprocessor based equipment in day to day office business activities requires the continuous availability of quality power to avoid damage to critical equipment.
The use of microprocessor based equipment in manufacturing processes requires protection from outages to avoid unplanned & uncontrolled downtime.
Advantages of UPS PowerAdvantages of UPS Power
Protection Against Power Interruption Protection Against Power Interruption
The primary function of the UPS is to protect the downstream equipment from power fluctuations -
Sags or dips in voltage
Total absence of incoming voltage which can last milliseconds or minutes.
Advantages of UPS PowerAdvantages of UPS PowerSample of 7 Days Mains PowerSample of 7 Days Mains Power
Key UPS ComponentsKey UPS Components
Mode of OperationMode of Operation Normal UPS Operation
Bypass Operation
Battery Operation
True On Line UPS (Double Conversion)
Line Interactive UPS
Introduction To The UPSIntroduction To The UPS
INPUT SUPPLY
Key UPS ComponentsKey UPS Components
RESERVE
(BYPASS)
SUPPLY
INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY
RECTIFER INVERTER
RESERVE STATIC SWITCH
INVERTER STATIC SWITCH
BATTERIES
Rectifier Rectifier Rectifiers performance is typically qualified as 6 or 12 pulse. This determines the type of current reflected into the mains supply. A 12 pulse produces less “harmonic” or non linear current into the mains supply.
PWM IGBT Inverter PWM IGBT Inverter PWM stands for “Pulse Width Modulation”. This is the “State of the Art” inverter switching technology used to recreate the AC waveform from the DC supply.
The power module used in the inverter bridge is called an Insulate Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).
Battery Design Life (Sealed Lead Acid)Battery Design Life (Sealed Lead Acid)The battery quality is determined by the “Battery Design Life”. Lower rated UPS systems (< 10kVA) use 5 year design life batteries.
Larger UPS systems typically use 10 year design life batteries and in some cases up to 15 years design life.
UPS Performance UPS Performance TerminologyTerminology
UPS Performance UPS Performance TerminologyTerminology
6 Pulse Current Waveform
12 Pulse Current Waveform
INPUT SUPPLY
Modes of OperationModes of OperationNormal - OnlineNormal - Online
RESERVE
(BYPASS)
SUPPLY
INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY
RECTIFER INVERTER
RESERVE STATIC SWITCH
INVERTER STATIC SWITCH
BATTERIES
INPUT SUPPLY
Modes of OperationModes of OperationBypass (Reserve)Bypass (Reserve)
RESERVE
(BYPASS)
SUPPLY
INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY
RECTIFER INVERTER
RESERVE STATIC SWITCH
INVERTER STATIC SWITCH
BATTERIES
INPUT SUPPLY
Modes of OperationModes of OperationBattery OperationBattery Operation
RESERVE
(BYPASS)
SUPPLY
INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY
RECTIFER INVERTER
RESERVE STATIC SWITCH
INVERTER STATIC SWITCH
BATTERIES
INPUT SUPPLY
True On line True On line TechnologyTechnology
RESERVE
(BYPASS)
SUPPLY
INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY
RECTIFER INVERTER
RESERVE STATIC SWITCH
INVERTER STATIC SWITCH
BATTERIES
True On Line UPSTrue On Line UPS(Double Conversion)(Double Conversion)
AdvantagesAdvantages
Continuous Regulation Of Output Voltage & Frequency
The load is supplied with conditioned power at all times.
Higher Reliability
UPS internal components are in continuous operation. The internal components are not in stand by operation to support the critical load.
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Efficiency
There is a cost of ownership due to heat losses
INPUT SUPPLY
Line Interactive UPSLine Interactive UPS
RESERVE
(BYPASS)
SUPPLY
INTERNAL BYPASS SUPPLY
RECTIFER INVERTER
RESERVE STATIC SWITCH
INVERTER STATIC SWITCH
BATTERIES
Interactive TechnologyInteractive Technology(Stand By Mode)(Stand By Mode)
AdvantagesAdvantages
Efficiency
Improved efficiency due to direct supply from mains
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Non-Regulated Output Supply
Direct mains supply exposes critical load to voltage & frequency variations
Lower Reliability
Internal components are rated for short term operation during power absences
Single UPSSingle UPS
Parallel UPSParallel UPS
Parallel Redundant (N+1)Parallel Redundant (N+1)
Independent Dual UPS (N+N)Independent Dual UPS (N+N)
UPS ConfigurationsUPS Configurations
Single UPS Single UPS (Single Input Supply)(Single Input Supply)
UPS DB No1
UPS Input Board
Typically for Lower rating UPS < 10kVA in single or three phase
Single UPS Single UPS (Dual Input Supply)(Dual Input Supply)
UPS Input Board
UPS DB No1
Typically for higher rating UPS > 10kVA three phase
Parallel UPSParallel UPS(2 units up)(2 units up)
Load requires all UPS available for supply capacity
All UPS can be considered as one UPS system
UPS DB No1UPS Input Board
Parallel Redundant Parallel Redundant (N+1)(N+1)(2 units up)(2 units up) Configuration allows for one UPS at a time to be isolated without removal of UPS supply.
The maximum load permissible on the UPS system is determined by capacity remaining with the removal of a single UPS unit
UPS DB No1UPS Input Board
Independent Dual UPS Independent Dual UPS (N+N)(N+N)
UPS DB No1
UPS DB No1
UPS Input Board
Dual plane installations. (Dual Cord Technology)
Higher reliability required and achieved due to duplication of all infrastructure to end equipment.
PurposePurpose
Facilitates transfer of output load UPS to an alternative supply source for UPS maintenance works or UPS replacement. Ensures no “LIVE” power is present on the UPS (OH&S).
Key FeaturesKey Features Make before break changeover facility
Interlock facility with UPS to inhibit transferring between two sources which are not synchronized.
Changeover switch can have 1-4 poles.
External Maintenance External Maintenance Bypass IntroductionBypass Introduction
Interlocking SystemsInterlocking Systems
Rotary Switches - Electro-mechanical via a solenoid or blocking relay which inhibits the rotation of the switch. A push button enables the switch to rotate and simultaneously transfers the UPS to static bypass
Mechanical Interlock which inhibits the rotation of the switch. A push button enables the switch to rotate and simultaneously transfers the UPS to static bypass during the transfer operation.
Circuit Breakers/ Switches - Mechanical inter-lock via two Fortress/Castell keys located in UPS output switchboard and a third key connected into UPS system transfer control. The changeover circuit breakers cannot be closed without the keys present.
External Maintenance External Maintenance Bypass IntroductionBypass Introduction
Rotary Wrap Around (3 Position)Rotary Wrap Around (3 Position)
Rotary Changeover (2 position)Rotary Changeover (2 position)
Keyed ChangeoverKeyed Changeover
External Maintenance External Maintenance Bypass ConfigurationsBypass Configurations
Rotary Wrap AroundRotary Wrap AroundExternal Bypass SwitchExternal Bypass Switch
UPS DB No1
UPS Input Board
3 PositionRotary Wrap Around
External Maintenance Bypass Switch
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
- Single supply required
Typically installed for single or three phase UPS up to 10kVA
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
- 3 pole more expensive than 2 pole
- Bypass and UPS share one supply
Rotary ChangeoverRotary ChangeoverExternal Bypass SwitchExternal Bypass Switch
UPS DB No1
UPS Input Board
2 PositionRotary Changeover
External Maintenance Bypass Switch
Typically installed for 3 phase UPS systems from 10kVA to 160kVA
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
- Less expensive than a 3 position
- Independent supply sources for UPS and Bypass
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
- Requires second supply source from switchboard
Recommended DesignRecommended DesignTwo Position Rotary Two Position Rotary SwitchSwitch
FROM MAINTENANCE BYPASS SUPPLY CIRCUIT BREAKER
FROM UPS OUTPUT SUPPLY
TO UPS DISTRIBUTION BOARD
TO UPS EXTERNAL BYPASS INTERLOCK TERMINALS
PUSHBUTTON
INTERLOCKSOLENOID
Special feature - Safety interlock with maintenance bypass supply
Sample of aSample of aTwo Position SwitchTwo Position Switch
Typical InstallationTypical Installation
Utilized for large UPS systems with rating typically >160kVA
ReasonsReasons It is more cost effective to use circuit breaker or isolators >250A.
Higher fault current rating
External maintenance bypass is incorporated into UPS Input/Output Switchboards.
Keyed Change Over Keyed Change Over Bypass SwitchBypass Switch
Keyed Change Over Keyed Change Over Bypass SwitchBypass Switch
MAIN INPUT
ISOLATOR
UPS INPUT/OUTPUT SWITCHBOARD
RESERVESUPPLY
INPUTSUPPLY
EXTERNAL MAINTENANCEBYPASS SWITCH
UPS OUTPUTSWITCH
UPS DISTRIBUTION
KEY A
KEY A
KEY A
UPS UNIT
BATTERY
UPS “A” key when removed forcing UPS into Static Bypass
“A” key inserted into “External Maintenance Bypass Switch “to allow it to close and trap key”
“UPS Output Switch” opened releasing an “A” key to return to UPS system..
The Electrical Contractor is often the clients first port of call for power issues.
Power problems can be complex in their nature and require well integrated solutions.
It is recommended the UPS manufacturer designs, delivers and supports the resolution of these power issues.
UPS ManufacturersUPS Manufacturers‘Power Solutions’‘Power Solutions’
Stowe AustraStowe Australia Pty. Ltd lia Pty. Ltd Branch LocationsBranch LocationsStowe Australia Pty. Ltd
Offices
Head Office:
Rydalmere - Sydney
Branch Offices:
NSW:
Sydney CBD
Penrith
Newcastle
Wollongong
Nowra
Taree
Port Macquarie
QLDBrisbane – Eight Mile PlainsBrisbane - CBDGold CoastMacKay
Victoria Melbourne
ACT Canberra
Business Partners in Australia:AdelaideCairnsDarwinHobartPerthTownsville
Stowe Australia Pty. Ltd Stowe Australia Pty. Ltd CredentialsCredentials
Power Protection Power Protection Fujitsu Data Centre – Eight Mile Plains – 250Kva UPS
Amcor Fle
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics“Improving The Installation Process ”“Improving The Installation Process ”
UPS Delivery & PositioningCabling InformationCable Access Into UPSDC Cable & Battery InstallationCommunications & Interface CablesCommissioning Process