Power Point Presentation MARPOLAnnexI

MARPOL Annex I Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by OilCourse Coordinator: D. DinuStudent: Ana Maria StanAn introduction to the International Regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil

IntroductionMARPOLAnnex IRegulations and ChaptersFundamentalsOperationConstruction

1. MARPOLTorrey Canyon 19671959 US built, 60,000 dwt, , Li. flaggedJumboised to 120,000 dwt Cargo 120,000 ts of BP oil for Milford HavenNavigational error caused grounding ripping open 6 tanks31,000,000 gallons of oil leaked Oil spread along the sea between England and France

1. MARPOLAmoco Cadiz 19781974 built Amoco Cadiz carrying 227,000tonnes of crude oil ran aground off the coast of Brittany, France at 10:00 p.m. on March 16, 1978The whole cargo spilled out as the breakers spilt the vessel in two, progressively polluting 360 km of shorelineAt the time this was the largest oil spill by tanker ever registered.

1. MARPOLThe International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)as amended by the 1978 Protocol (MARPOL 73/78)

Just Oil1954 OILPOL ConventionOperationalDischarge zones (50nm and 100ppm)Reception facilities

1. MARPOLNot just Oil

MARPOL Annexes I VI

Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by OilRegulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in BulkRegulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged FormRegulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from ShipsRegulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from ShipsRegulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

1. MARPOLMARPOL Implementation

1967 Torrey Canyon1973-1978 Amoco Cadiz et al.MARPOL 73 and the Protocol 78MARPOL enters into force October 1983Annex I and II - 1983Annex III 1992Annex V 1988Annex IV 2003Annex VI - 2005

2. Annex I regulations and chapters39 regulations in 7 chapters to regulate oil pollution from ships (not just tankers):Ship/Tanker designShip/Tanker operation

2. Annex I fundamentals; OperationDischarge of oil at sea (1):

all discharges of oil are prohibited unless certain criteria are satisfied

Machinery space (bilge and sludge)All ship typesMachinery spaceBilge waste: oily water from the bilgesSludge: waste residue from the filtration of fuel oilShip must be en routeOily mixture must have been processed through the oil filtering equipmentOil content of the mixture does not exceed 15 parts per million (ppm)Oily mixture is not mixed with cargo residues (see later)Cargo space (slops)Oil tankersMust be more than 50nm from nearest land (also defined)30 litres per nautical mileDischarged through the Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment (ODME)Maximum discharge quantity on a ballast voyage should not exceed 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part

2. Annex I fundamentals; OperationDischarge of oil at sea (2):

all discharges of oil are prohibited unless certain criteria are satisfied

Oil discharge monitoring and control systems (tankers)Regulations 31 & 32

Oil filter equipment (all ship types)Regulation 14

Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment (ODME) Oily Water Separators (OWS)

Extensive review of requirements underway at IMO

2. Annex I fundamentals; OperationSpecial Areas :those listed in Annex I:

Baltic Sea1983Black Sea1983Red Seanot in effectMediterranean Sea1983Gulf of Adennot in effectAntarctic1992Gulfs areaAug 2008Northwest European waters1999Southern South African watersAug 2008Oman area of the Arabian Seanot in effect

All the previous discharge criteria regulates outside a Special Area

Regulation 1 - A Special Area is a sea area where for recognized technical reasons in relation to oceanographic and ecological condition and to the particular character of its trafficspecial mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by [oil] is required.

And as such there shall be NO discharge whatsoever of cargo residues/slops from oil tankers

2. Annex I fundamentals; OperationReception facilities:

Regulation 38Oil loading terminals, repair ports and ports in which ships have oily residues to discharge

Port state obligation Alleged inadequacies

2. Annex I fundamentals; ConstructionTank (ship) construction:

How many hullsExxon Valdez 1989OPA 90U.S phase-out from 1995 to 2010 (except for tankers with double bottoms (db) or double sides (ds), tankers less than 5,000 gross tons and tankers that call at LOOP or Designated Lightering Areas)IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 3/1992, entry into force 7/1993)Newbuildings to be double-hullsSingle-hulls to be sbt/pl or hbl from 25 years with phase-out at 30 years old or by 2015Erika 1999IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 4/2001, entry into force 9/2002)Category 1 phase-out up to 2007Categories 2&3 phase-out at 26 years up to 2015BUT Flag state may allow newer single-hulls to continue to 25 years (subject to CAS)HOWEVER Port state can deny such extended single-hull tankers from entering its ports

2. Annex I fundamentals; ConstructionTank (ship) construction:

Oil Tanker CategorizationCategory 1pre-MARPOL (pre-1982)Category 2MARPOL (post-1982)Category 3smaller tankers (5,000-20,000/30,000dwt)

2. Annex I fundamentals; ConstructionTank (ship) construction:

Prestige 2001EU Regulation 1726/2003 (entry into force 21/10/2003)Category 1 phase-out up to 2005Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010No Heavy Grade Oils (HGO) in single-hulls from 21/10/2003CAS from 2005 for all Categories 2&3 over 15 years old

IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 12/2003, entry into force 5/4/2005)13GCategory 1 phase-out up to 2005Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010CAS required for Categories 2&3 over 15 years oldBUT

Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 up to 2015 or 25th anniversary (whichever earlier) Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 with db or ds which may trade up to 25th anniversary of delivery (even past 2015)

HOWEVER

Port state may deny entry of either such flag-state-extended tankers 13H - Double hull required from 5/4/05 for Heavy Grade Oil as cargo for tankers 5,000 dwt and above, and for tankers 600-4,999 dwt (except single-hulls built with db and ds) from anniversary date in 2008

2. Annex I fundamentals; ConstructionTank (ship) construction:

Prestige 2001

BUT

Flag state may allow single-hull 5,000 dwt and above with db or ds to continue with HGO up to 25th anniversary (even beyond 2015) Flag state may allow single-hull 5,000 dwt and above to continue with HGO between 900 and 945 kg/cubic meter until 25th anniversary or 2015 whichever is earlier, subject to CAS Flag state may allow single-hull 600-4,999 dwt to continue with HGO until 25th anniversary or 2015 whichever is earlier

HOWEVER

Port state may deny entry of any of the above mentioned flag-state-extended tankers carrying HGO

2. Annex I fundamentals; ConstructionTank (ship) construction:

2. Annex I fundamentals; ConstructionTank (ship) construction:

2. Annex I fundamentals; ConstructionTank (ship) construction:

2. Annex I fundamentals; MiscellaneousOther key elements to MARPOL Annex I:

SOPEPShipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan CertificationInternational Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPPC) SurveysSpecial Surveys (Enhanced Special Survey)Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS)CAS (Applies to oil tankers of 5,000 dwt and above)CAS will be performed at intervals of up to 5 years and 6 monthsFirst CAS to be undertaken at first renewal (ie special) survey or intermediate survey after 5/4/05 of every tanker which has reached its fifteenth year CAS is to be harmonised with ESPOil Record Book (ORB)Regulation 17 and Appendix IIIPart 1: Machinery space operationsPart 2: Cargo space operationsCrude Oil Washing (COW)Fuel tank protection all ships 2010Pump room protection double bottom in tankers after 1/1/2007Oil outflow performance in case of accident collision or grounding

2. Annex I fundamentals; MiscellaneousOther key elements to MARPOL\Annex I:

FPSOs/FSUsFPSOs and FSUs are not oil tankers and are not to be used for the transport of oil except that, with the specific agreement by the flag and relevant coastal States on a voyage basis,Conversion of an oil tanker to an FPSO or FSU or vice versa should not be construed as a major conversion as defined in regulation 1(8)There are five categories of discharges that may be associated with the operation of an FPSO or FSU:machinery space drainage;offshore processing drainage; production water discharge; displacement water discharge; and contaminated seawater from operational purposes such as produced oil tank cleaning water, produced oil tank hydrostatic testing water, water from ballasting of produced oil tank to carry out inspection by rafting.