MEASURING SEBACEOUS SECRETION IN THE T- ZONE BY: JE’NELLE JOHNSON
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MEASURING SEBACEOUS
SECRETION IN THE T-ZONE
BY: JE’NELLE JOHNSON
ABSTRACT• Abstract: The media is targeting young women on their production in the T-zone area and saying that the nose region
produces more sebum when it comes to skin products. However, in an article called Analysis of Latent Fingerprint Deposits by Infrared Microspectroscopy it is said that sebaceous residue is mainly from the forehead. Between the two areas which is more productive is the question that needs to be answered. My question is, “ Which of these two areas does produce more sebum( oils from the sebaceous glands).My project is to answer this question for my demographic, young African American woman from ages 18-23 years old.The objectives are to determine the relative amounts of sebum produced in each area of the T-zone using FTIR analysis. Samples of sebum will be collected from the two areas of the faces of volunteers who will wear sebutape ( a non-adhesive tape that collects the sebum which reproduced from the sebaceous glands on the face ) .The sebutape will be on those two zones for three hours each day for three days. Then the samples will be-extracted from the tape with hexane and analyzed by FTIR to find out which area has more sebum. My hypothesis: The human body produces more sebaceous glands from the nose than from the forehead because its right in the middle of the “T-zone” on the face. In addition the sebaceous glands are larger in the nose region ,which suggests that there would be more production of sebum in this area than in the forehead are of the T-Zone. The results of this analysis will be discussed.
• Kante, Gayathri. Analysis of Fingerprint Residues using attenuated total Reflectance-fourier transform Infrade (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy to differentiate smokers from nonsmokers.
• Master of Science in Chemistry. Lamar University.August2009.
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE• The question is, which of these two areas does produce higher sebum (oils from the
sebaceous glands)? My project is to answer this question for my demographic, young African American woman from ages 18-23 years old. The objectives are to determine the relative amounts of sebum produced in each area of the T-zone using FTIR analysis.
• My hypothesis: The human body produces more sebaceous glands from the nose than from the forehead because its right in the middle of the “T-zone” on the face. In addition the sebaceous glands are larger in the nose region ,which suggests that there would be more production of sebum in this area than in the forehead are of the T-Zone. The results of this analysis will be discussed.
BACKGROUND • The media targets African American woman on different products to use on the nose region because it’s said that
the production is higher there than the forehead region. In a scientific article called Analysis of Latent Fingerprint Deposits by Infrared Microspectroscopy said that the production of sebum was higher in the forehead region than the nose region.
• Salisbury, Mary.SebumOverview. http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/information/anatomy/sebum.htm.April2015.
• Sebum-oils from the sebaceous glands and it is made up of triacylgycerides , diacylglycerides , and fatty acides.
• Tiolein is the lipid standard that was used to determine the fatty acid methyl ester which would be looked in the range of 2700-32000 cm-1 wavenumber.
• The FTIR is used in this experiment because of its technique on the intrerferogram indentifying unknown materials within the sample , determine theaconsistency of the sample in infrared frequencies that are absorbed from a molecular fingerprint of the sample.
APPROACH OF THE EXPERIMENT • To solve this problem samples were collected from African American females ages 18-23.
Each volunteer put the sebutape ( a non-adhesive tape that collects the sebum which reproduced from the sebaceous glands on the face ) on the two main regions in the T-zone which are the forehead area and the nose region. The sebutape was there for three hours each day for four days. Then the samples were taken and analyzed using the analytical instruments IR ( hexane extraction )and FTIR with ATR to analyze the sebum production from each region to see which one had high production.
• The FTIR is a technique in which to obtain emission , Raman scanning of a solid , and spectrum absorbance. ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection ) significantly enhances surface sensitivity . An advantage of FTI R is t he measuring of all the infrared frequencies simultaneously rather than individually.
DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
Collect samples
The sebutape was cut in half One half was used
for the hexane extraction (quatitative )
Then that half was ran on the salt plates
The other half was test on the FTIR with ATR.
Results of the two regions was then compared
RESULTS • The background had multiple errors along with just running the hexane as a sample .
• Making the standard :triolein .2023 g diluted in a 10mL volumetric flask with hexane. And then the absorbance was run for the solution to see how high it was compared to the samples absorbance. The absorbance was .0681 and 20,300 ppm .Three other dilution were made doing a 1:2 dilution.
• A calibration curve was made for the standards to find the concentration of triolen used in the experiment. And to narrow down exactly how much of the triolen is being absorbed from the samples. The sebum increased as the time period increased in both regions. Both regions were compared based on the amount of absorbance from each sample within the wave number 2925.48-2969.32 to pinpoint the production of sebum.
RESULTS CONT..
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.51.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
f(x) = 0.1 x + 1.1R² = 1
Absorbance vs Time (FH)
Series1Linear (Series1)
Time (hours)
Abso
rban
ce
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.50
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
f(x) = 0.094 x + 0.538R² = 0.98363575642881
Absorbance vs Time ( NR)
Series1Linear (Series1)
length of time
abso
rban
ce
RESULTS
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,0000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
f(x) = 3.11334250126147E-06 x + 0.0015593688748969R² = 0.952768818303095
Calibration curve of Standard
Series1Linear (Series1)
concentraction ppm
Abso
rban
ce
RESULTS CONT..
0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 3500.0 4000.0 4500.0-0.0100
0.0100
0.0300
0.0500
0.0700
0.0900
Production from the Forehead region from 1hr-3hr
H-1 BC H-2 BC H-3 BC
Wavelennumber
Abso
rban
ce
2500.0 2600.0 2700.0 2800.0 2900.0 3000.0 3100.0 3200.0 3300.0 3400.0 3500.0-0.0200
0.0000
0.0200
0.0400
0.0600
0.0800
0.1000
0.1200
Production from the Nose Region 1hr-3hr
N-1 BC N-2 BC N-3 BC
Wavelnumber
abso
rban
ce
0.00 500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 3500.00 4000.00-0.0100
0.0000
0.0100
0.0200
0.0300
0.0400
0.0500
0.0600
0.0700
0.0800
0.0900
spike sample (NR)
Series1Series3
wavenumber
abso
rban
ce
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Unspiked Sample (NR)
Series1Series3
wavenumber
abso
rban
ce
CONCLUSION
• The production of the sebum increases as the time increase is a conclusion from the two graphs above and that the data of the two regions are somewhat similar in the wavelength of 2900.
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