Power Plant Familiar is at Ion

8/4/2019 Power Plant Familiar is at Ion

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POWER PLANT FAMILIARIZATIONBY

ErEr.. RandhirRandhir KumarKumar


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1 Intake

2 Penstock

3 Transformer

4. Power House

5. Generator

6. Runner

7. Draft tube

8. Tail Race

Principle of operation of a Hydro Station

The kinetic energy of falling water is first converted into mechanical

energy in Turbine & then the mechanical energy is converted into

electrical energy in Generator.


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View of a Hydro Unit

Components

Generator

Turbine

Auxiliaries


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Generator

Cooler

Rotor

Stator

Thrust Bearings

Air Gap


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Stator Core

Made up of Silicon Steel laminated sheet with high permeability and

low hystersis & eddy current losses


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Stator Winding

windings are copper conductors which carries the generated voltage.


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Rotor

It carries magnetic pole

& is revolved by

turbine, resulting in

power generation in

stator.


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Rotor


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Pole

Pole are mounted on

rotor and It fulfills the

need of a rotating

magnetic field

Damper Bars

Dovetail keys

Core


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Slip Rings

Slip rings are installed on rotor to

transfer the field current from the

external excitation equipment to the

field winding.The current flows through the

stationary carbon brushes to the

rotating slip rings, through insulated

bars mounted in the hollow shaft

and to the polecoilconne

ctions.


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Guide Pads

To restrict the radial

movement of machine.

GENERATOR


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Segmented type guide bearing assembly


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Thrust Bearing carries the whole weight of the machine.

Thrust Bearing highpressure lubrication

port

Thrust Bearing

H S Lubrication systemto safeguard thrustpads during starting &stopping of machine.


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Bearing Pad Arrangement

Thrust Pad

H S

Lub Oil

Guide Pad

C

O

o

l

e

r

Cold Water

Hot Water

Oil

GENERATOR

TURBINE


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Classification

Types of Turbine

Kaplan Francis Pelton

Medium & lower

head up to 80 mwhen discharge

& load vary widely

Medium & high

Heads in the rangeof 30-550m, turbine

discharge varying

in acceptable limit

Heads greater than

400m varying head,discharge and

load conditions

CLICK


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Kaplan Runner

In a Kaplan runner blade angle varies with changing position ofguide vanes. The runner blade servomotor is installed between the

main turbine shaft and the generator shaft or inside the runner hub .

Oil Pipe line inside shaft

Hub

Cone

RunnerS

ervomotor


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PELTON FRANCIS


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Spiral Casing

Guide Vane

Servomotor

Runner

Shaft Seal


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Spiral Casing

Water from penstock enters the spiral casing which makes equal water thrust at

each guide vane

Stay Vane


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Spiral Casing

Stay Ring

Stay Vane

Guide

Vane


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Turbine


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The wicket gate operating mechanism is installed with eccentric pins betweenthe gate operating ring and each wicket gate to allow individual adjustment

of wicket gate openings. Shear pins with carefully calculated size are

provided with an operating mechanism. A pin will shear, should a wicket

gate become blocked, and the remaining gates can be operated as

required.

WICKET GATESAND OPERATING MECHANISM

REGULATING RING


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Penstock Gate / MIV

Penstock

Gate

MIV


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Brake

H SLub

OPU system Cooling water

Drainage , Dewatering

Some other auxiliaries


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Practical braking speed 25-30% of rated speed

Brake

Air for Brake

Oil for Jack

Rotating Machine


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Oil Pressure Unit

Supply pressur

ized o

il to servomotor for open

ing orclosing of guide vanes under the command of governor.

To system

oilairAir inlet


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Cooling Water

Forcooling of

GeneratorStator Windings

Bearings

Shaft Seals

Transformer

Fire Fighting


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Open Loop Cooling water System

Booster

Pump

Shaft Seal

Cooler

(ForTurbine

Bearings)

Oil Coolers

(for Gen Bearings)

Air Coolers

(For stator)

Transformers

Coolers

Penstoc

k

Tail Race


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Close Loop Cooling Water System

Booster

Pump

Shaft Seal

Cooler

(ForTurbine

Bearings)

Oil Coolers

(for Gen Bearings)

Air Coolers

(For stator)

Transformers

Coolers

Cooling Pond

Tube

WellSprinklers


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Dewatering System

The dewatering

system is generally

meant to dewater the

penstock, spiral caseand runner during

their maintenance

and inspection works.


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EOT Crane

EOT

Cranes are usedin powerhouses dur

ing

comm

iss

ion

ing, ma

intenan

ceand repair of a hydro unit and their auxiliaries


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Fire Extinguishing Systems

Types

Automated sprinkler/spray protection

Hydrant Service

Hand appliancesGaseous systems for control rooms

Sprinkler

HosesPortable Extinguisher


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Operation of a Hydro Unit

Pre Start Checks

Start Sequence

Synchronization Stop Sequence

Monitoring during operation

Tripping

Emergency Handling


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Pre Start Checks

Many of the start checks may be built up in the

starting interlocks and starting sequence. The

abnormality if any, will appearin MMI display

and Unit ready to start indication does not

appear. The list of activities/checks varies from

station to station.


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ROTOR

Tur

Shaft

Pole

Coo

lerIn

Gate

DT

Gate

GV

GV

Water

Gen Shaft

PoleStator W inding

GGB

Thrust Pad

Cool

Water

Hot

waterHS

LUB

cooler

Water

TRCM

Oil

DC Excitation

Restore AC & DC supply to auxiliaries

Reset relayOpen Draft Tube GateBrake releasedCooling chargedUnit ready to startOpen Intake gateH S Lub startOpen GVMachine start rolling100% speedVoltage Build up

Unit

Ready

To

Synchroniz

START SEQUENCECheck PTW

T

R

A

NS

F

O

R

M

E

R

11 KV220


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Synchronization

Rotor

Rotor Pole DCexcitation by closingFCB

Trans

Transmission line

Close CB when V, F &Ph matches

CB

Stator

+

_

11KV 220KV


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Monitoring during operation

Operate machine as per schedule & water level Attend any alarm appearing in control room

Temperature of bearings/stator/transformer

Cooling water flow

Leakage water level in turbine pit

Operation of drainage pumps.

Generator Voltage and reactive Power flow.

Machine vibrations.

Abnormal sound from the machine.

Fill up hourly log sheet


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Stop Sequence

Reverse to start sequence


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Tripping of Machine on Fault

Stop machineStop machine

Note down relayNote down relay

Inform Maintenance staffInform Maintenance staff


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Emergency Handling

Increase in water level inside Power House

RaiseAlarm.

Intimate PowerStation Incharge.

Try to stop the source of leakage water.

If the leakage is from the machine immediately close the intake gate after

opening the generatorcircuit breaker and giving stop command to the

machine.

Ensure that PowerSupply to Drainage & Dewatering pumps is not shut

down.

Run the available drainage / dewatering pumps or any other available

pumps to pump out the water.


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Emergency Handling

Fire

RaiseAlarm.

If fire is in the machine orTransformer give stop command.

Release CO2 or water through fire protection system . Intimate fire station. Inform PowerStation authority

Try to isolate other equipment from the source of fire.


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Thank You.

Power Plant Familiar is at Ion

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