Power Plant Design for Sagay, Camiguin 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, we would like to say thank you for giving us the strength and health to do this project work until it done not forgotten to my our family for providing everything such as money to buy anything that are related to this work and their advised, which is the most needed for this project. Internet, books, computers and all that as my source to complete this project they also supported us and encouraged us to complete this task so that we will not procrastinate in doing it. Then we would like to thank our professor for guiding us and our friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this task, but he taught us patiently until we knew what to do, he tried and tried to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the Power Plant Design / MEP544D2
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Power Plant Design for Sagay, Camiguin1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to say thank you for giving us the strength and health to
do this project work until it done not forgotten to my our family for providing everything
such as money to buy anything that are related to this work and their advised, which is
the most needed for this project. Internet, books, computers and all that as my source to
complete this project they also supported us and encouraged us to complete this task
so that we will not procrastinate in doing it. Then we would like to thank our professor
for guiding us and our friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing
this task, but he taught us patiently until we knew what to do, he tried and tried to teach
us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work. Last but not the
least, our friends who were doing this project with us and sharing our ideas they were
helpful that when we combined and discussed together we had this task done.
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INTRODUCTION
In a diesel power station, diesel engine is used as the prime mover. The diesel burns
inside the engine and the products of this combustion act as the working fluid to
produce mechanical energy. The diesel engine drives alternator which converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the generation cost is considerable due to
high price of diesel, therefore, such power stations are only used to produce small
power.
Although steam power stations and hydro-electric plants are invariably used to generate
bulk power at cheaper costs, yet diesel power stations are finding favour at places
where demand of power is less, sufficient quantity of coal and water is not available and
the transportation facilities are inadequate. This plants are also standby sets for
continuity of supply to important points such as hospitals, radio stations, cinema houses
and telephone exchanges.
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The diesel engine is recognized as the most promising powertrain in the foreseeable
future due to its superior thermal efficiency and reliability. The diesel engine has been
widely used in commercial vehicles, industrial applications and today’s passenger cars
and light-duty trucks.
A diesel engine is a type of compression-ignition engine using diesel fuel. Diesel
engines can be classified into various categories. Understanding the differences and the
unique characteristics of each category of diesel engines is important for diesel engine
system design.
HISTORY
The first man, who had invented the engine with ignition from compression, was E.
Steward. He was interested in engines, what can work without spark plugs. In Steward’s
engine the air was compressed and compressed air was blown into the combustion
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chamber. Unfortunately, Steward had not come into mind to test the efficiency of that
type of engines.
Developing the concept of “economy-type heat-engine”, Rudolph Diesel in 1890
invented the engine much more efficient due to high compression ratio. In his book he
suggested to use the powdered coal, but it was difficult in real life – the coal dust has an
abrasive properties and it should be found the way to put it somehow in combustion
chamber. So it was suggested to use the tailing that remains after oil refining in such
engines. So in 1897 Diesel had patented the engine design, later named Diesel engine.
Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris in 1858. His parents were Bavarian immigrants. Rudolf
Diesel was educated at Munich Polytechnic. After graduation he was employed as a
refrigerator engineer. However, he true love lay in engine design. Rudolf Diesel
designed many heat engines, including a solar-powered air engine. In 1893, he
published a paper describing an engine with combustion within a cylinder, the internal
combustion engine. In 1894, he filed for a patent for his new invention, dubbed the
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diesel engine. Rudolf Diesel was almost killed by his engine when it exploded. However,
his engine was the first that proved that fuel could be ignited without a spark. He
operated his first successful engine in 1897.
POWER PLANT DESIGN FOR SAGAY
Diesel Power Plant for Sagay, Camiguin produces power in the range of 6.4 MW.
And they are used standby sets for continuity of supply such as hospitals, cinema
theatres and industries.
ADVANTAGES OF A DIESEL ENGINE
More efficient and economical to use.
Fuel vapor is not explosive.
Exhaust gases are less poisonous – less carbon monoxide.
Greater lugging power and torque.
Engines are durable and if properly cared for will maintain their economy.
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Fuel is less volatile – no vapor lock problems
Can use a variety of fuels and mixtures.
DISADVANTAGES OF DIESEL ENGINE
The fuel in diesel engine is ignited by the heat of the compressed air.
HPFP of diesel engine is extremely unreliable unit.
The exhaust filter is warming up in the flow of exhaust gas.
it is expensive
Noise and vibration till the latest times could not be separated from the words
“Diesel engine”.
ADVANTAGES OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
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The design and layout of the plant are quite simple.
It occupies less space as the number and size of the auxiliaries is small.
It can be located at any place.
It can be started quickly and it can pickup load in a short time.
There are no standby losses.
DISADVANTAGES OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
The plant has high running charges as the fuel (diesel) used is costly.
The plant doesn’t work satisfactorily under overload conditions for a longer
period.
The plant can only generate small power.
The cost of lubrication is generally high.
The maintenances charges are generally high.
WHY WE CHOOSE DIESEL POWER PLANT
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Purpose
Diesel power plants produce energy though the combustion of chemical fuel, in
most cases diesel derived from petroleum, into mechanical energy. This energy
is then used to power an alternator which in turn generates electricity. Diesel is
preferred to other fuel types as these engines have a higher thermal efficiency
than other commercial generators of equivalent size.
Process
Most modern generators harness mechanical energy through the process of
electromagnetic induction. In this system, the mechanical energy produced by
the diesel engine moves an electrical conductor, such as a magnetically charged
wire, in a magnetic field. The movement of the conductor creates a difference in
voltage between the two ends of the charged wire, creating a flow of electric
charges and thereby generating electricity.
LAYOUT OF DEISEL POWER PLANT
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ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
I. DIESEL ENGINE
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Diesel engine is a compressor ignition (CI) engine.
The two – stroke cycle engine is more favored for diesel power plants.
The air required for the diesel engine is drawn through the air filter form the
atmosphere and compressed inside the cylinder.
The fuel (diesel) from the diesel engine is drawn though a filter from the all-day
tank and injected into the cylinder through fuel injector.
Because of the high temperature and pressure of the compressed air, the fuel
burns and the burn gases expand to do work on the moving part inside the
cylinder called piston.
This movement of the piston rotates a flywheel and the engine is directly couple
to electric generator.
The gases after expansion inside the cylinder are exhaust into the atmosphere
and passes through a silencer in order to reduce the noise.
II. STARTING SYSTEM
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The starting motor will crank the engine. The starting motor will spin the engine at
a high enough rpm to allow the engine’s compression to ignite the fuel and start
the engine running.
The engine will then accelerate to idle speed. When the starter motor is
overdriven by the running motor it will disengage the flywheel.
III. FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM
It consists of storage tank, strainers, fuel transfer pump and all day fuel tank. The
fuel oil is supplied at the plant site by rail or road. The oil is stored in the storage
tank. From the storage tank, oil is pumped to smaller all day tank at daily or short
intervals. From this tank, fuel oil is passed through strainers to remove
suspended impurities. The clean oil is injected into the engine by fuel injection
pump.
IV. AIR INTAKE SYSTEM
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This system supplies necessary air to the engine for fuel combustion. It consists
of pipes for the supply of fresh air to the engine manifold. Filters are provided to
remove dust particles from air which may act as abrasive in the engine cylinder.
V. EXHAUST SYSTEM
This system leads the engine exhaust gas outside the building and discharges it
into atmosphere. A silencer is usually incorporated in the system to reduce the
noise level.
VI. COOLING SYSTEM
The temperature of the burning fuel inside the engine cylinder is in the order of
15000 0C to 20000 0C. In order to lower this temperature water is circulated
around the engine.
The water envelopes (water jacket) the engine. The heat from the cylinder,
piston, combustion chamber etc., is carried by the circulating water.
The hot water leaving the jacket is passed through the heat exchanger.
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The heat from the heat exchanger is carried away by the raw water circulated
through the heat exchanger and is cooled in the cooling tower.
VII. LUBRICATING SYSTEM
The system minimises the wear of rubbing surfaces of the engine. It comprises of
lubricating oil tank, pump, filter and oil cooler. The lubrication oil is drawn from
the lubricating oil tank by the pump and is passed through filter to remove
impurities.
LOCATION MAP
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LOCATION
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Sagay, Camiguin
Sagay is a Philippine municipality. It is located in the province Camiguin in Region
X Northern Mindanao which is a part of the Mindanao group of islands. The municipality
Sagay is seated about 16 km south of province capital Mambajao and about 732 km
south-south-east of Philippine main capital Manila. The geographic coordinates of
Sagay are 9° 6' 21'' N, 124° 43' 29'' E.
Administratively the Municipality of Sagay is subdivided into 9 barangays. One forms
the center of the city wheras the other 8 are in the outlying areas. Some of them are
even several kilometers away from the center of the Municipality.
According to the 2007 census, Sagay has a population of 11,198 residents and is part
of the big group of 1073 cities and municipalities in the Philippines which have more
than 10.000 residents but did not reach 50.000 population yet. Based on the number of
its inhabitants Sagay is number 1483 of the most populous cities of the Philippines and
at 424 in Mindanao group of islands and at 4 of the most populous cities of province
Camiguin. With an area of 44.13 km² Sagay occupies a relatively small urban area.