Power Generation and Energy

8/12/2019 Power Generation and Energy

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power generation

& energyelectricity issues in

Indonesia

Iwan Agung Firstantara

GM PT PLN (Persero) Unit Pembangkitan Jawa Bali

Thermofluid VI 2014

Yogyakarta, April 29, 2014

Gajah Mada University


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AboutSpeaker

@ GM_UPJB

Iwan Agung Firstantara was born in Jogjakarta, on October 1969. He

graduated from Gajah Mada University with a major in Mechanical

Engineering in 1993, and Master of Management also in the same

University.

Iwan is a General Manager of PT PLN (Persero) Unit Pembangkitan

Jawa Bali, one ofPLNs

Strategic Business Unit that respondsible forthe Operation & Maintenance of 14 Power Generation Unit across

Java-Bali Interconecting System (making it the biggest total asset

compared to IP, PJB &IPP)


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1

2

3

4

Macro Economic PerspectiveFacts of Indonesias Economic Situation

Indonesias Energy OutlookEnergy current Trends and Challenge

Power Generation issues

Fast Track Program, Energy Mix, & Environment-Efficiency

How technology solve Eletricitys IssueDeal with Capacity & Efficiency matters


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Macro Economics PerspectiveFacts of Indonesias Economic Situations

Images taken from http://hqwide.com/

#Jakarta View #Wisma46

#BNITower


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comes to your mind

Indonesia?What

when you think of

Images taken from http://globe-walls .com/

#HelloJakarta #Monas

#Istiqlalmosque


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Images taken from http://listofimages/

Biggest Countryi n S o u t h E a s t A s i a

1 7 . 0 0 0 i s l a n d s

3 . 1 m i l l i o n s q . k m o f s e a

1 . 9 m i l l i o n s q . k m o f l a n d

2 4 7 m i l l i o n i n h a b i t a n t s ( 2 0 1 2 )

#RajaAmpat #Beach

#BeautifulIndonesia


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Images taken from http://wallpapersus

Biggest Economyi n S o u t h E a s t A s i a

G D P $ 8 7 8 b i l l i o n ( 2 0 1 2 )

G D P g r o w t h 6 , 2 % ( 2 0 1 2 )

I n f l a t i o n 4 , 3 % ( 2 0 1 2 )

#Jakarta@Night #Pancoran

#Patung Dirgantara


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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012* 2013**

6,78

7,

86

8,56

9,

33

10,48

12,48

14,

82

17,

29

21,3

6

2

3,

88

27,

03

30,

66

33,53

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GDP

Source : BPS

Capita( m i l l i o n r u p i a h )


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GDP

Source : BPS

Consumption

Government

Investment

Stat Discrepancy

X - M -2 %

5 %

32 %

9 %

54 %

o f 2 0 1 3

The BIG growth of Indonesias GDP wasdriven primarily by domestic consumption


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Emerging middle class inIndonesia

Middle- & High- class inIndonesia has rose 5

times higher in the last

25 years

Source : BI (2013) Images taken from http://teropongbisnis.com/


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Indonesias middle-classproportion:

Yellow: $ 2-4/ day

Source : BI (2013)


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Indonesias Energy OutlookEnergy Current Trends & Challenge

Images taken from http://wallsave.com/


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Primary

Source : BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011 & World Economic Outlook Database April 2011, IMF

in Some CountryIntensity


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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Energy Consumption

Capita( B O E / C a p i t a )

3,46

Source : BPS

3,

34

2,

98

2,58

2,56

2,43

2,47

2,48

2,41

2,

27

2,

32

2,

28


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11 11 1213

1517 18

2123

2527 28

34 36

37 36

4042 44

4648

46

51

55

3133 34 36

3941

4447

50

55

60

65

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Business Industry Household

Electricity

Consumption(in TWh)

Source : EMRPLN divided its customer into 5 segments: (1) Business, (2) Industry,

(3) Household, (4) Social, (5) Government


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Images taken from http://globeimages.net/

#JakartaView #BunderanHI

#MonumenSelamatDatang

Since 2007Household has outreach the electricity

consumption among other PLNs

customer segments


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Energy demandhas been increasing faster than economic

development and population growth

Images taken from natgeo society


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Electricity ShortageMore than 70-80 million people

lack access to electricity

Images taken from http://phototony.com/


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1980 1985 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Electrification Ratio( p e r c e n t )

73 7

6

67

66

65

63

62

57

43

28

16

8

Source : EMR

Highest : Jakarta (99,99%)

Lowest : Papua (35,89%)


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Electricity is heaviliy subsidised

and currently customers pay for

electricity at far below market

price.

Reliance on Subsidies

Images taken from natgeo


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Their estimated cost to government in 2013 is Rp 284 trillion and

increasing to Rp 328,7 in 2014 (state budget plan).

subsidies have created a massive

burden on the state budget.

Fuel &

Images taken from http:// 3.bp.blogspot.com/

Electricity

Source : Ministry of Finance


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60 57 57 53 57 55 51 50 49 48 47 48

13 15 15 19 17 19 23 27 23 23 24 27

23 22 24 24 21 21 22 19 24 25 23 21

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Oil Coal Gas Hydropower Geothermal Biofuel

Primary Energy Supply

Exclude Biomass(in percent)

Source :CDI-EMR


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Driven by three main things:

1. Electrification program

To support government program to accelerate electrification ratio

2. Economic growth

To support manufacturing and service companies to produce productsand services

3. Captive taking over

Meet large consumer demand, to take over captive and to meet large

customer demand

Demand of electricity is expected to grow fast

Images taken from http://touristrack.com/


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Power Generation IssuesFast Track Program, Energy Mix, & Environment-Efficiency

#LabuanCFSPP

#FTP-1 #2x300MW


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PLN P3B as System Owner

and Market Operator

DistributionPower Generation (PLN or IPP)P3B as Transmission Provider

Primary

Energy

Power

GenerationTransmisi Distribution

End

Customer

Availability of

Primary Energy:

quality, quantity,

time, cost

Availability:

reliable, safe,

efficient, quality

Availability:

reliable, safe,

efficient, quality;

Economic

optimisation;

Availability:

reliable, safe,

efficient,

Sufficiency &

quality of supply

Services:

simple, easy,

quick, quality;

Standard

Service

Standard

Service

Standard

Service

Standard

Service

Standard of

Public

Service

Electricity Supply Chain


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To meet Indonesias growing demand

Issue#1

#RembangCFSPP #FTP-1

#SubcriticalPulverized

PLN is mandated to implement Fast Track Program (FTP)for capacity expansion


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FTP Phase 1 :

42 Coal-Fired Steam Power Plants of PLNs Project

10 power plants with capacity of 6.900 MW in Java-Bali

32 power plants with 2.252 MW outside Java-Bali

FTP Phase 2 :

93 power plants (Hydro, Geothermal, & Coal-Fired Power Plant)

21 power plants of PLNs Project

72 power plants of Partnership Project

#TjAwar-awarCFSPP

#CoalHandling #StackerReclaimer

Issue#1


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Chineses Power Plants (FTP-1)

are cheaper than Japaneses PP, but the

quality has likely not yet proven.

PLN also suffer from project completion

delay.

#PalabuanRatuProject

#Construction #FTP-1

Issue#1


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v n thoughThe FTP has improved the

company's internal cash flows

and meet the 9% of electricity

demand growth.

It has also minimize the Fuel

contribution in PLN Fuel Mix

from 22% in 2009 to 12% in

2013.

Images taken from http://dl.bizhi.sogou.com/

Issue#1


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2%

58%18%

6%

16%

2019

Fuel Coal Gas Hydro Geo

36%

35%

17%

9%

3%

2008

Fuel Coal Gas Hydro Geo

Source :RUPTL 2010-2019

Fuel Mix

Issue#2

1% replacement of Fuel into Coal will generate financial

efficiency up to Rp 1,74 T (in 2012) .


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Indonesias electricityis still rely on coal-based power plants

Contribute approximately 58% of the total electricity generated

Issue#2

Images taken from http:// ncealliance.com/


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Environment

Efficiency

Issue#3

Reciprocal Relationship in

coal power plant


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Images taken from http://ak2.picdn.net /

Clean Coal Technology

Every option capable of reducing emissions upstream, downstream,or within the power generation (energy conversion) process

Issue#3


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For new power plants

Images taken from http:// saistrip2010.webatu.com /

Could consider this following options:

#IGCC #CleanCoalTech

Supercritical & Ultra-supercritical (USC) pulverized coal technology

Circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFB)

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)

Issue#3


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For existing power plants

Could initiate rehabilitation & recondition, to:

Improve efficiency

Decrease hidden capacity

#MuaraKarang #CCPP

Issue#3


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How Technology Solve Electricity IssuesDeal with Capacity and Efficiency matters

Images taken from http:// www.iorise.com /


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Efficiency

(%)

39

37

35

33

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Lifetime

(Years)

Annual Inspection

SI SI SI SIME SE MERehabilitation

Recondition

Restore

New Technology

Improve

100

75

50

25

Capacity

(%)

Efficiency & capacity degradation


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How to deal with Capacity & Efficiency matters?

Capacity: Coal Mixing

Coal Drying

Efficiency: Tiny-oil Burner

Heat Balance modelling

#PalabuanRatu #Construction

#FastTrackProgram


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Coal mixing

the process ofblending two different types

of coal (low & medium range coal) to obtain

a desired efficiency/ load profile.

Heating value

Low Range Coal = + 4.200 kCal/kg

Medium Range Coal = + 4.900 kal/kg

Coal layeringThe process of placing the med range coal

at specific boiler burner layer to obtain a

desired efficiency/ load profile.


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Coal dryingThe process of heating the coal

feed to get a dry coal feed and

increase coal quality

Is being constructed at Labuan &

Lontar CFSPP

Expected to increase coal qualityup to 1000 kCal/kg

Images taken from http://carzz.co/


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Tiny-oil burner

A modified boiler burner to obtain

less fuel oil consumption.Could reduce the fuel consumption

up to 85% (@Labuan CFSPP).

Original

burner

Tiny burner


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Heat balancemodelling

Implemented through a Gatecycle,

heat balance modelling discover allof plants main equipment and

predict the modelling.

The modelling help the management

to develop more accurate Root CauseFailure Analysis (RCFA).

Images taken from http://st.gdefon.ru/


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PLN Generation Challenges


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Heat Rate Comparison in 2013( i n k C a l / k W h ) )

Tech challenge

Challenge#1

TJB

(Non-FTP)

IMY

(FTP)

2.732

2.403


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Turbine

efficiency

improvement

There has been nosignificant breakthrough

on turbine efficiency

improvement

Challenge#2

Images taken from http://deltatest.de/


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Heat Balance

Modelling

Challenge on:

Accuration

HR Competency

Alternative model

Challenge#3

Images taken from http://img0.mxstatic.com/

h ll


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Source :World Bank TeamPBR (Performance Based Regulation) is given by the Government to

determine PLN Allowed Revenue.

Challenge#4


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EpilogueEfficiency improvement in Power Generation represent the

largest opportunities in reducing subsidies, where

thermofluid takes the most improtant role.

#Sunset #Fisherman

#BeautifulIndonesia Images taken from natgeo


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An institution

to bridge the

interest

between

business

(powergeneration)

and

universities hasnot yet

established.

Images taken from http://austinareaphoto.com/


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Thankyou

Presented by:

Iwan Agung Firstantara

Mail : [email protected]

Twitter : GM_UPJB
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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