POWER FACTOR CORRECTION OF MACHINE ... factor correction Of machine...POWER FACTOR CORRECTION OF MACHINE LABORATORY AND CNC MACHINE BY USING IPFC CONTROLLER Submitted by:-DEEPAK KUMAR

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION OF

MACHINE LABORATORY AND CNC

MACHINE BY USING IPFC CONTROLLER

Submitted by:-

DEEPAK KUMAR BAGHAR 110301EER101

PRAVAT KUMAR PATRA 110301EER076

DEVIPRASAD SINGHDEO 110301EER014

SARTHAK PATI 110301EER036

ASHIS PANDA 110301EER044

ANUP MANGARAJ 110301EER109

GUIDED BY

Shri Surya Narayan Sahu

INTRODUCTION

Power factor is the ratio of true power or watts toapparent power or volt amps. They are identical onlywhen current and voltage are in phase then the powerfactor is1.0.

The cosine of angle between voltage and current in accircuit is known as power factor. In ac circuit there isgenerally a phase difference φ between voltage andcurrent. The term cosφ is called the power factor ofcircuit

VI cosφ represent the active power in Watt or KW

VIsin φ represent the reactive power in VAR or KVAR

VI represents apparent power in VA or KVA

Power factor cosφ= (active power / apparent power)=(KW/KVA)

The lagging reactive power is responsible for the

low power factor. It is clear from the power

triangle that smaller the reactive power

component higher is the power factor of the

circuit.

KVAR=KVA sniφ=(KW/ cosφ)* sinφ

KVAR=KW tanφ

INSTANTANEOUS POWER

As in DC circuits, the instantaneous electric

power in an AC circuit is given byP=VI where V

and I are the instantaneous voltage and current.

Instantaneous voltageand current .

Since V = Vm sinωt & I = Im sin (ωt - φ)

Then the instantaneous power at any time t can

be expressed as

Pinstanteneous = Vm Im sinωt sin (ωt-φ)

After using trigonometric identity:sin (t-φ) =

sinωt cosφ- cosωt sinφ

The power becomes: instantaneous = Vm Im sin

2ωt cosφ - Vm Im sinωt sinφ cos ωt

NEEDS OF POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER

Power factor correction (PFC) is a technique of

counteracting the undesirable effects of electric

loads that create a power factor that is less than

one.

Power factor correction may be applied either by

an electrical power transmission utility to

improve the stability and efficiency of the

transmission network or correction may be

installed by individual electrical customers to

reduce the costs charged to them by their

electricity supplier.

TYPES OF POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER

Passive PFC

This is a simple way of correcting the

nonlinearity of a load by using capacitor banks.

Active PFC

An active power factor corrector (active

PFC) is a power electronic system that controls

the amount of power drawn by a load in order to

obtain a Power factor as close as possible to

unity.

CAPACITIVE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

(CPFC)

Capacitive Power Factor correction is applied to

circuits, which include induction motors as a means

of reducing the inductive component of the current

and thereby reduce the losses in the supply. There

should be no effect on the operation of the motor

itself. An induction motor draws current from the

supply, which is made up of resistive components

and inductive components.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPACITIVE

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

Bulk correction

Static correction

Inverter

Solid-state soft starter

Bulk correction

Static correction

Inverter

Static Power factor correction must not be used when a variable speed drive or inverter controls the motor. The connection of capacitors to the output of an inverter can cause serious damage to the inverter and the capacitors due to the high frequency switched voltage on the output of the inverters.

Solid state soft starter.

HARDWARE AND ITS CONFIGURATION

The design aims to monitor phase angle

continuously and in the event of phase angle

deviation, a correction action is initialized to

compensate for this difference by continuous

changing variable capacitors value via switching

process.

IPFC(Intellegent

Power Factor Controller)

BENEFITS

Three Phase Sensing - Accurate measurement of

PF

Fault Detection (Over Compensation, Under

Compensation, Over Voltage, Over Current,

Under Voltage, over harmonics voltage and

current)

Automatic or Manual Control (manual control

with power backup option)

Intelligent operation

CAPACITOR BANK

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a

passive two-terminal electrical component used

to store energy electro statically in an electric

field.

CONTROLE SCHEME

Circuit Diagram

Over voltage

For all these above there is a threshold set through

RS-232communication.When ever it crosses above

that threshold particular alarm status will display on

LCD.

Under voltage

For all these above there is a threshold set

through RS-232communication.When ever it

crosses above that threshold particular alarm

status will display on LCD.

Over Compensation

When all capacitor bank steps (max) gets

OFF and IPFC still don’t achieve required Target

PF this alarm will display.

Under Compensation

When all capacitor bank steps(max) gets ON

and IPFC still don’t achieve required Target

Power factor this alarm will display.

Under Current

Condition until current is restored above

50mA and all capacitor steps get disconnected.

PRACTICAL ANALYSIS

After Correction Of Machine Laboratory

PRACTICAL CORRECTION OF POWER

FACTOR FOR CNC LABORATORY

Before Correction

After Correction of CNC laboratory