Christophe Brayet, Eng. PMP. Product Director OPAL-RT Technologies Power Electronics Keynote
Christophe Brayet, Eng. PMP.
Product Director OPAL-RT Technologies
Power Electronics Keynote
Power Electronics Power Electronics, one of the biggest economic drivers of our decade
Key Factor across the Power systems, industrial automation, automotive and aerospace engineering industries
New power semiconductor, higher frequency, higher bandwidth Smarter and more efficient Control Algorithms
Real-time simulation demand
Rapid adoption of new power semiconductors technology Market growth, new opportunities, more than 40 billion by 2022
OPAL-RT, state-of-the-art real-time power electronics simulation
Market Trends in Power Electronic
Dr. Ben Black
Principal Development Manager – National Instruments
Lecturer – The University of Texas at Austin
Growing Grid Complexity
Traditional Generation
Solar Generation
Wind Generation
Grid Storage
Industrial Consumer
Commercial Consumer with Generation & Storage
Commercial Consumer
Residential Consumer with Generation & Storage
ELECTRIC MOTOR
INVERTER
ECU
BATTERYENGINE
CHINAby 2020
5 Million Zero-Emission Vehicles On The Road
Only Zero-Emission Passenger Vehicles will Be ProducedGERMANYin 2030
UK to Ban Petrol and Diesel Cars – Going All ElectricUNITED KINGDOMby 2040
Shifted Power Demands
Battery Technology Faster charging times, longer life, greater energy density
Flexibility to adapt to demand and generationUtility
Infrastructure
Higher power, faster switching times, lower lossesSwitching
Technology
Growth Areas
Lower latency, determinism, securityCommunication
Architecture
Generic Power Electronics System
GRID
DC
DC
AC
Motor/Generator
AC
Inverter/Converter/DrivePower System
Control System
Transformer Converter/Rectifier Inverter/Drive
Battery Stack,Solar Array
DCDC Management
System
Real-Time Power Simulation(Cracked ECU or Full Power Simulator)
Physical Control Board
With this HIL testbed, developers gain access to a risk-free test platform. We are going to be able to deliver better quality products thanks to the
regression-capable robust tests that we undertake. Similarly, the system will allow us to reduce the development and validation times.
- Thierry Rhomer, SOCOMEC SA
OPAL-RT – NI Partner for Power
eHS
Jérôme Rivest, Eng. Jr., [email protected] Electronic SpecialistOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Evolution of Power Semiconductor Technologies
Topic New levels of performance are now achievable with emerging
semiconductor technologies
This presentation aims at giving an overview of this evolution and the challenges/opportunities it brings to Real-time Simulation
Purpose of power switchesIn power electronic, semiconductor switches are used to reconfigure dynamically a power circuit in order to achieve a power conversion and/or galvanic isolation
Vcc applied to load Freewheeling state
In simulation
Switch Open: V = Vcc, I = 0 (Psw = 0 W)
Switch Closed: V = 0 V, I = IL (Psw = 0 W)
The ideal switch model is often used to simplify the analysis:
In the lab
Practical Hard Switching Ton
However, this is different in practice…
Vds
Id
Psw is not 0!
A more accurate MOSFET model
Hard Switching vs Soft Switching
Hard Switching Ton ZVS Ton
Soft Switching helps to reduce the switching losses by achieving Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) or Zero Current Switching (ZCS)
ZCS is well suited to reduce the tail current losses of IGBT transistor
ZVS reduces the impact of the body diode recovery in MOSFET based converter (reducing losses an EMI)
Higher switching frequency can be achieved in both cases with standard silicon devices
The silicon based duo
MOSFET
Majority carrier device
Voltage controlled
Fast switching
Best choice in LV High frequency application
IGBT
Minority carrier device
Voltage controlled
High voltage blocking capability
Best choice in HV Low frequency, high power application
Field of applications
Frequency
Vo
ltag
e
MOSFET
IGBT
DCDC, UPS, PFC
Industrial Motor drive, Rail traction, MMC cells
Arrival of the SiC and GaN devices
Lower parasitic enabling faster switching time
Higher operation temperature
Lower RdsON for higher blocking voltage capability
Higher switching frequency can be achieved in both Hard Switching and Soft Switching applications
GaN Fet from GaN Systems inc.
We are getting closer to an ideal switch:
Field of applications
Frequency
Vo
ltag
e
MOSFET
IGBT
WBG device(SiC, GaN)
Fit to replace both IGBTor MOSFET in several
high performance application
Targeting new density levels
Source: Toyota
The higher switching frequency and the higher operation temperature help to increase power density
Few challenges Passive elements must be adapted to follow switching frequency and temperature
requirement
Higher dV/dt are applied on gate driving circuit
New package for power devices and new PCB design rules must be used to minimize gate drive parasitics
Faster control loops that must be integrated on limited embedded controller (RT simulation can help here!)
For Opal-RT Keep the pace with the increasing switching frequency
Silicon based multilevel and multicell topologies imply higher circuit complexity
Integrate switching losses and thermal models to real-time simulation
Keep track with the new possibilities (e.g. class-D amplifier for PHIL)
Power Electronic Control Networks
RT17, Montreal, Canada
September 5-8, 2017
J. Van den Keybus, CTO
26
Control Network Technology
Controlsoftware
Powerelectronic
circuitinterface
Application interfacesoftware
Field busnetwork stack
Field businterface
Software on MCU / DSP● Single node
27
● Multiple nodes in a converter system
C
API
N
C
API
N
C
API
N
Software on PLC
Application software
Field bus network stackField businterface
API
Control Network Technology
28
● Multiple nodes in a converter system
API
N
APP
C
API
N
C
API
N
C
API
N
Control Network Technology
29
N
● Multiple nodes in a converter system
N
N
N
APP
API
C
API
API
C
API
C
Control Network Technology
30
● Simplified system architecture
N
APP
N
N
N
C C C
Practical implementation
Control Network Technology
31
● Measurement nodes
N
APP
N
N
C C C
N
N
N
Control Network Technology
32
● Software development advantages● Easy software version management
● Re-usable software components
● System-wide code generation
Control Network Technology
● System architecture advantages
● Integration in networks (IoT)
● Flexible component layout
● Component ID and diagnosis
33
● System architecture challenges: microprocessors
● Moore’s Law
● Single thread performance
● Core clock rate
● Multiple cores
● Latency !
Source: K. Rupp
Control Network Technology
34
● System architecture challenges: network● Peripheral interconnect
● Speed likely to increase in the next decade
Source: Ethernet Alliance
Control Network Technology
35
● Triphase closed loop control network● Fast control (20 kHz)
● Increased rate with additional delay cycle (30 kHz)
● Local Application Specific Processors (ASPs)
NN
ASP N
Control Network Technology
36
● Triphase XC network technology
● Layer 1: multiple PHY (Cu, POF, SFP)
→ cost, EMI immunity and performance tradeoff
● Layer 2: common DLL
→ development efficiency
● Triphase XC network topology
● Trees and rings
→ flexibility and performance
Control Network Technology
37
Type Turnkey solutions Components
Range PM-X systems PM-SIC systems DPS FC4
General purpose converter systems
High-performanceconverter systems
Power system components
PCB mounted components
Power up to 2 MVA up to 100 kVA up to 360 kVA
Isol. Cat. III 1000V, Cat. IV 600V Cat. III 600V
Tech. Custom configuredIGBT (using DPS)
Custom configuredSiC MOSFET
- OEM IGBT drives- C/V transducers- Sensor transducers- Contactor control
- (Isolated) DIO- (Isolated) AI
LC(L) filter1..2 kHz
LC(L) filter5 kHz / 20 kHz
Appl. - Grid emulation- HIL tests- Microgrids- Mechanical tests- Battery tests
- Grid emulation- HIL tests
- Custom power converters- Data acquisition systems
- Custom power converters- Development prototypes- Production systems
Opal-RTinterface
250 Mb/s POFAsynchronous
2 Gb/s Aurora SFPSynchronous100..200 ks/s
250 Mb/s Triphase POFSynchronous
250 Mb/s Triphase POFSynchronous
Network
Triphase XC (16 Mb/s, 250 Mb/s, 2 Gb/s)
Platform
Triphase RT
Products
38
● Contact
Triphase NVRomeinse straat 18B-3001 HeverleeBELGIUM
T: +32 2 669.06.00E: [email protected]
www.triphase.com
After HIL and PHIL, User-In-the-Loop is the new trend
Danielle S. Nasrallah, P. Eng., Ph.D.
Technical Lead in Power Electronics & Advanced Control
Studies, Modeling and Specialized Tests
OPAL-RT Technologies
Collaborative Projects: Universities & OPAL-RT
Real-time Simulation Laboratories IGEE & Laval University
High-Fidelity Power Motor Emulator Concordia University
Skills & Learning Outcomes
Test-BenchOffline
SimulationRTS
& HIL
Hardware
Modeling
Measurements
Versatility
Real-Scaling
Material Damages
Remote Access
Interaction
Real-Time Simulation TopicsTopics Packages
Power Electronics
DC-DC: Buck, Boost & Buck-Boost Choppers
AC-DC: Single- & Three-phase Rectifiers
DC-AC: Three-phase Inverters
DC-AC / AC-DC: Three-Phase Three-Level NPC
Electric Machines
Synchronous : Parameters Identification, Motor operation
Synchronous: Generator with grid or passive loads
Induction : Parameters identification, Transformer, Freq. Conv.
Induction: V/F Motor Drive
Power Systems
Phasor Analysis: Power flow, Swing Equation, Stabilization
Time-domain Analysis: Power flow, Swing Eq., Stabilization
High-Fidelity Power Motor Emulator