power

BY ABHISHEK PANDEY

“11EBKIT001”

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN

INDIA

BY ABHISHEK

PANDEY “11EBKIT001”

CONTENTSIntroductionNuclear reactionNuclear fission processNuclear chain reactionConstituents of Nuclear power plantNuclear Reactor(Main parts)Types of power reactors commonly usedNuclear energy deal in India

Nuclear Power Plants in India

Nuclear Reaction:-A projectile is takenMass-Energy conversion acc. to Einstein’s equation

Nuclear Fission process:-In this process heavy nucleus is splitted and release high energy1 fission of U-235 causes 230 mev energy

Nuclear chain Reaction

When a neutron hits a U-235 3 neutrons produced“Chain reaction is defined as a fission reaction where neutron from the previous reaction continue to propagate and repeat the reaction”

Constituents of Nuclear power plant and layout

Nuclear ReactorMain parts:- 1.Reactor core

2.Moderator 3.Control rods 4.Coolant 5.Reflector 6.Thermal shielding

Power Reactors in common useBoiling water Reactor(BWR)Pressurized water Reactor(PWR)Heavy water cooled and moderated(CANDU TYPE) ReactorGas Cooled ReactorLiquid metal cooled Reactor

1.Boiling Water ReactorFuel used is rich in uranium oxide.Ordinary water is used as both moderator and coolant.Low thermal efficiency.Can’t meet sudden increase of load.

A BWR in Practice

2: Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR)Advantages:

CompactnessIsolation of radio active system from main steam systemCheap light water used as both moderator and coolant

Disadvantages:Strong pressure vessel is requiredFormation of low temp. steam

High losses from heat exchangerHigh power consumption from auxilarities

Advanced Reactor Designs Under Consideration

GE-Hitachi ABWR – NRC Certified (1997) Westinghouse AP1000 – NRC Certified (2005)GE-Hitachi ESBWR – Under NRC Review AREVA US-EPR – Under NRC review Mitsubishi US-APWR – Under NRC Review

Indian Nuclear Program: The Present Status12 PHWR & 2 BWR now under operation4 PHWR and 2 LWR under commission2950 MW generation & 3000 MW under

commissionSuccessful experiments with Fast Breeder Test

Reactor (FBTR) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) for

500MWe under constructionAdvanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) using

(Pu-Th) O2 MOX for 300MWe: advanced stage of design approval; construction soon to begin.

Reactor GenerationsGen I

Prototypes in 50’s & 60’s

Gen II70’s & 80’sToday’s Operational

ReactorsBWR, PWR, CANDU, …

Gen IIIABWR, APWRApproved 90’sSome Built around the

World

Gen III+Current Advanced

Designs in the Approval Process

Pebble Bed ReactorGen IV

Deploy in 2030EconomicalSafeMinimize WasteReduce Proliferation

MAKING INDIA A NUCLEAR POWERIndia 1948:-It was pt.

Jawaharlal Nehru initiated India’s Nuclear energy program

India 1967:-It was Indira Gandhi initiated India’s Nuclear weapons program

INDIA AFTER 2000India 2005:-It was Dr.

Manmohan Singh signed 123 agreement.

India 2009:-Manmohan Singh is again interested to increase India’s civilian Nuclear energy

India has signed “Civil Nuclear Trade Agreement”.