poverty.pptx

Slide 1

Aslumis a heavily populated urban informal settlement characterized by substandard housing and squalor.[1]

While slums differ in size and other characteristics from country to country

, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, timely law enforcement and other basic services.

Slum residences vary fromshantyhouses to professionally-built dwellings that because of poor-quality design or construction have deteriorated into slums.[2]povertyUrban poverty encourages the formation and demand for slums.[2]With rapid shift from rural to urban life, poverty migrates to urban areas. The urban poor arrives with hope, and very little of anything else. He or she typically has no access to shelter, basic urban services and social amenities. Slums are often the only option for the urban poor.[93]Housing

cause of poor house planning.Insufficientfinancialresource . lack of coordination in government bureaucracy. Financial deficiency in some governments may explain the lack of affordablepublic housingfor the poor [70].The problem can also lie on the failure in coordination among different departments in charge of economic development,urban planning, and land allocation. However, with little economic incentive, the housing market is more likely to develop middle-income housing rather than low-cost housing. The urban poor gradually become marginalized in the housing market where few houses are built to sell to themhealthHighpopulation densities, poor living conditions, lowvaccinationrates, insufficient health-related data and inadequatehealth serviceengender a higher rate of disease transmission in slums than that in non-slum areas. Overcrowding leads to faster and wider spread of diseases due to the limited space in slum housing.[179]Poor living conditions also make slum dwellers more vulnerable to certain diseases

Poor living conditions also make slum dwellers more vulnerable to certain diseases. Poorwater quality, a manifest example, is a cause of many major illnesses includingmalaria,diarrheaandtrachoma

Emergencyambulanceservice andurgent careis typically unavailable in slums.[201]Health service providers avoid servicing slums.[200]] more than half of slum dwellers are prone to visit private practitioners or seekself-medicationwith medicines available in the home.[202]Private practitioners in slums are usually those who are unlicensed or poorly trained and they run clinics and pharmacies mainly for the sake of money.[200]Child immunizationIn addition to poor living conditions, lowvaccinationrates cause excess cases of disease in slums as well.[179]. slums.[200]Slum children are less likely to be vaccinated mainly because some slum dwellers refuse vaccinations without understanding its importance or no one at home is able to take the child to health sectors for vaccinationsLack of reliable data also has a negative impact on slum dwellers health. A number of slum families do not report cases or seek professional medical care, which results in insufficient data.[179].This might prevent appropriate allocation of health care resources in slum areas since many countries base their health care plans on data from clinic, hospital, or national mortality registry.. improving living conditions such as introduction of better sanitation and access to basic facilities can ameliorate the effects of diseases.[192]sanitationdespite challenges faced in other basic necessities like electricity, roads and safe housing, the lack of access to adequate water and sanitation and unhygienic living conditions remain the major concerns by which one defines a slum settlement. The frequently illegal nature of slum settlements, a lack of supportive infrastructure, space constraints, low income levels of slum residents and poor levels of government intervention are among the main contributing factors to this situationFamily size Average no of people No of children Y no. of more children Use of contraceptiveWhere was the child delivered

educationQualificationSchoolDrop out rateFuture plan occupationWhat Daily wage Income steady vs varying Monetary future planning