POVERTY INDICATORS FOR MONITORING 2030 AGENDA FOR ...€¦ · POVERTY INDICATORS FOR MONITORING 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Report by the Federal State Statistics Service

1

POVERTY INDICATORS FOR MONITORING

2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

Report by the Federal State Statistics Service

(Russian Federation)

2Federal State Statistics Service(Russian Federation)

NATIONAL COORDINATION MECHANISM

Cross-sectoral Task Force under the administration of the President of Russian Federation for the issues related to climate

change and provision of the sustainable development

Federal State Statistics Service

Group of experts for information-statistical monitoring of sustainable development goals

under the Cross-sectoral Task Force

Expert community

Federal Bodies of executive power


MECHANISM OF COORDINATION AT NATIONAL LEVEL

Cross-sectoral Task Force under the administration of the President of Russian Federation for the issues related to climate

change and provision of the sustainable development

▪ In 2016 it conducted analysis of information availability in federal executive bodies’ directive documents (concepts,

strategies of Russian Federation) necessary to monitor sustainable development goals and targets.

▪ In November of 2016 Russian Statistics Service has joined Cross-sectoral Task Force.

Group of experts for information-statistical monitoring of sustainable development goals under the Cross-sectoral Task Force

(established in 2017):

▪ Under the chairmanship of Russian Statistics Service;

▪ Representatives of over 20 ministries and sectors;

▪ Organizes discussion of sustainable development monitoring issues in Russian Federation involving expert community:

o Detailed methodological analysis of SDG indicators

o Assign responsible providers/co-providers for each SDG indicator

o Define procedure of submitting SDG indicators statistical data to international organizations

o Discuss drafts of the documents for SDG monitoring at national level (national SDG list, Road Map to

advancement of the statistics for SDG, etc.)

Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

In June of 2017 The Decree of the Russian Federation Government has authorized Rosstat to provide coordination of official

statistics bodies in their activities of creating and submitting to international organizations formal statistical information on

achieving sustainable development goals in Russian Federation in accordance with approved international standards for statistical

data exchange

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AT ROSSTAT WEB-PORTAL

4

✓ In Russian and English language

Federal State Statistics Service(Russian Federation)

CREATING OFFICIALSTATISTICAL INFORMAION

✓ Subsection 2.8 «Indicators of Sustainable Development Goals achievement in

Russian Federation» is included into the Federal Plan of Statistical Works (Government of the Russian Federation Decree No. 2033-p dated September 23. 2017)

90 SDG indicators are included into Federal Plan of Statistical Works in 2017.54 indicators (60%) – Rosstat36 indicators (40%) – Ministries and organizations

✓ Rosstat is an organization responsible for coordinating submission of statistical information on SDG to international organizations (Government of the Russian

Federation Decree No. 1170-p dated June 6. 2017)✓

✓ Federal Plan of Statistical Worksdefines the procedure of submitting statistical information for SDG indicators to international organizations (Government of the

Russian Federation Decree No. 1170-p dated June 6. 2017)


Total of 14 indicators

including

• I level – 2

2 indicators included into

Federal Plan of Statistical

Works (FPSW)

• II level – 8

2 indicators included in

FPSW

• III level – 4


including

• I level – 2


FPSW

• II level – 10


FPSW

• III level – 2


Including

• I level – 5

3 indicators included

in FPSW

• II level –1

• III level – 5

Poverty and InequalityGlobal indicators


6


Global list of Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Indicator Level Publication/ implementation

1.1.1 Share of population living below international poverty line disaggregated by

gender. age. employment status and area of residence (urban/rural).I +

1.2.1 Share of country population living below nationally established poverty line

disaggregated by gender and age groups. I +

1.2.2 Share of men. women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its forms.

according to the national definitions of poverty. II In the phase of completion

1.3.1 Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems. by sex.

distinguishing children. unemployed persons. older persons. persons with disabilities.

pregnant women. newborns. work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable.

II

Responsible provider/ is

assigned and the source of

information is defined

(approbation in 2019)

1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land. (a) with

legally recognized documentation. and (b) who perceive their rights to land as secure. by

sex and type of tenure

II

Responsible provider/ is

assigned and the source of

information is defined

(approbation in 2019)


Global list of Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Indicator Level Publication/ implementation

1.5.1 Number of deaths. missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100.000 populationII

The availability of data is estimated

1.5.2 Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) II +

1.5.3 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai

Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

IIRoad Map is set

1.5.4 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with

national disaster risk reduction strategiesII Road Map is set

1.a.2 Proportion of domestically generated resources allocated by the government directly to poverty reduction

programmesII +

1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services III -

1.a.1 Proportion of resources allocated by the Government directly for the poverty reduction programs III -

1.a.3 Sum of total grants and non-debt-creating inflows directly allocated to poverty reduction programs as a

proportion of GDPIII -

1.b.1 Proportion of government recurrent and capital spending to sectors that disproportionately benefit women. the

poor and vulnerable groupsIII -

GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONA/RES/71/313 dated 6 July 2017

«General Assembly sets the system of global indicators for the achievement of sustainable

development goals and tasks defined by the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda <…> as a tool that

countries will apply voluntarily and at their own discretion, that includes original set of indicators to

be updated and revised every year by the Committee <…> that will be completed with regional and

national indicators developed by the member countries.»


National list of SDG indicators

Target indicators of state programs fulfillment in the area of social

and demographic policies

Suggested indicators (experts)

II. Coordination of the indicators at national level

III. Including the indicators into FPSW


10

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: NATIONAL LEVEL

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere population indicators

All

populationBy place of

residence

By

genderBy age

By status and

position of

employment

By different social and

demographical

household groups

By groups of

social

transfers

recipients

Share of population living below

international poverty line:

- $1.25 (1.9) according PPP a day

- $3.9 according PPP a day

- $5 according PPP a day

- $10 according PPP a day

+ + + +

Share of population living below

national poverty line + + + + + + +

At risk of poverty or social

exclusion (AROPE) + + + +

Proportion of social transfers,

indemnities and other payments

recipients in the total number of

low-income population + + + +

Changes of the population poverty

level due to receiving of social

transfers established for low-

income population + + + +


11

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: NATIONAL LEVEL

GOAL 1. END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE

household indicators

All population

(all

households)

By the place of

residence

By social and

demographical

household groups

Ratio of monetary incomes of low-

income households to the subsistence

minimum + + +

Monetary income gap of the low-

income households + + +

Proportion of social transfers and

benefits in kind (in monetary

equivalent) established for low-income

population of the total income of low-

income households

+ + +


12

SYSTEM OF FEDERAL STATISTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHICAL ISSUES


13

14

Goal of sample population income and participation in social programs survey

Obtain statistical information that reflects:

- Role of salary and wages

- Incomes of self-employment and properties

- Pensions and social transfers

- Tendencies in changes of differentiation level of incomes and poverty level among different socio-economical population groups

- Participation of families in social programs, pension and medical insurance

- Material and social provision for low-income families

- How social support measures influence the welfare level of low-income families


15

SAMPLE POPULATION INCOME SURVEY AND PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL PROGRAMS SURVEY

2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

COVERAGE:

Number of households in all constituents of Russian Federation

10.0 thousand 45.0 thousand 45.0 thousand 60.0 thousand 160.0 thousand

Number of persons of 16 years old and older


Number of children under 16 years old


TIME FRAME: April March March January January

Dissemination of the surveys’ results:

Published on the Rosstat website:http://www.gks.ru/free doc/new site/inspection/itog inspect1.htm

http://www.gks.ru/free doc/new site/inspection/itog inspect1.htm

16

Sample period, time frame and deadline for publication

Sample period – previous calendar year

Time frame - First quarter of the year following the sample calendar

year

Deadline for the publication of sample results:

preliminary results (labour activity incomes) – April 15 of the year following the sample year

final results (on all indicators) – December of the year following the sample year


SYSTEM OF HOUSEHOLD INDICATORS, BASED ON THE RESULTS OF HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS

17

Monetary income Total income Employment income Employment income including monetary equivalent of

home-produced products for personal consumption

Property income Monetary transfers

Property income Monetary transfers and transfers in kind (monetary equivalent)

Social transfers Social payments and benefits in money and in kind Monetary payments and benefits received from person and organizations, besides social benefits

Monetary and in kind incomings from persons and organizations, besides social benefits

Transfers, transferred Transfers, transferred

Disposable monetary income Total disposable income For the reference: Total income including equivalent imputed rent: Out of which: Income from home-produced services for personal consumption (estimated equivalent of net imputed rent) Total disposable income, including estimated equivalent of net imputed rent


LIMITS AND CRITERIA OF INCOME WE APPLY FOR MEASURING MONETARY POVERTY:

Absolute poverty (at national level):

Poverty threshold: subsistence minimum

Income criteria: monetary income, total income; disposable monetary and total income

Absolute poverty (at international level):

Poverty threshold: $1.9; $3.2; $5.5; $10.0 per day on PPP according to current year prices

Income criteria: monetary income, disposable monetary income


LIMITS AND CRITERIA OF INCOME WE APPLY FOR MEASURING MONETARY POVERTY:

Relative poverty:

Poverty threshold: 0.4*Ме; 0.5*Ме; 0.6*Ме, where Ме is median

equivalent disposable monetary income established at national

level for all population

Income criteria: Equivalent disposable monetary income (equivalent

coefficient is 0.5)

Relative poverty for AROPE index:

Poverty threshold: 0.6*Ме, where Ме is median equivalent disposable

monetary income established at national level for all population

Income criteria: Equivalent disposable monetary income (equivalent

coefficient is 1; 0.5; 0.3)

INDEXES FOR MEASURING MULTIDIMENTIONAL AND NON-MONETARY POVERTY

Индекс многомерной бедности(Multidimensional Poverty Index. MPI)

Индекс бедности и социальнойисключенности (At Risk Of Poverty Or Social Exclusion, AROPE);

Индекс депривации (Deprivation Index);

Индекс социальной исключенности

(Social Exclusion Index)

Indicators of monetary and non-monetary poverty, 2016

13,1

0,2

0,5

1,9

8,3

7,8

14,0

21,3

24,1

14,0

6,7

24,9

Доля населения с доходами ниже национальной границы бедности

1,90$ в день

3,20$ в день

5,5$ в день

10$ в день

ниже 40% от Меэкв



Индекс AROPE

Индекс материальной депривации


Индекс многомерной бедности (ИМБ)

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22

Tasks of the sample household income and social program participation survey

Classification features:

At household level Number of existing dependent persons By the number of individuals and children under 18 years old By essential demographical and social household groups

By the education level of the household head

By the employment status of the household head

By the groups with income below and above subsistence minimum

At individual level

Gender and age

Labour force participation

Eligibility for pension provision and social protection measures

Disability status, etc.




LIST OF DISAGGREGATED POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLDS GROUPS

USED FOR FORMING POVERTY INDICATORS

POPULATION

By gender

By age groups (age brackets)

By age and gender groups (categories)

By education level

By employment situation

Employed (working)

Not employed (not working)

Not working retired persons

Disabled persons receiving pensions

Other categories of unemployed population

By employment status (based on their main place of work)

Contracted workers

Businesses and organizations

Hired by a physical person, entrepreneur

Self-employed

Self-employed persons

For the reference: a share of all employed persons

Formally employed

Informally employed

By occupation (based on their main place of work)

By the main type of economical activity of the company – main place of work




HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION

Households residing (population residing) in different types of urban and rural settlements

in urban settlements – total

under 50.0 thousand people

50.0 – 99.9

100.0 -249.9

250.0 – 499.9

500.0 – 999.9

1 million people and over

in rural settlements – total

under 200 people

201 - 1000

1001 - 5000

over 5000

Households residing (population residing) in different groups of municipalities

in non-diversified municipalities

in the arctic zone




HOUSEHOLDS AND ITS MEMBERS

Households (population) disaggregated by different demographical and socio-economical groups

By the number of individuals and number of children under 18 years old who are members of the household:

Households that consist of:

1 person

2 persons

3 persons

4 persons

5 persons or more

Households with children under 18 years old:

1 child

2 children

3 children or more

For the reference:

Households with children under 3 years old – total

Under 1.5 years old

1.5 to 3 years old

By essential demographical and social household groups:

With children under 18 years old

Without children under 18 years old

With young families

With multi-child families

With incomplete families

With retired persons (only)

With disabled persons (only)

With disabled persons of all age groups

Including disabled children under 18 years old




HOUSEHOLDS AND IT MEMEBERS

By households groups depending on the number of working members:

households that consist of one adult without children under 18 years old – total

With working adult

With non-working adult

households that consist of one adult with children under 18 years old – total

With working adult

With non-working adult

households that consist of two or more adults without children under 18 years old – total

With two or more working adults

With one working adult

With non-working adults

households that consist of two or more adults with children under 18 years old – total

With two or more working adults

With one working adult

With non-working adults

By the number of working individuals and existence of children under 18 years old

Households with a single working adult with children – total

With one child

With two or more children

Households with single non-working adult with children – total

Households with two or more working adults with children – total

With one child

With two or more children

Households with two or more non-working adults with children




HOUSEHOLDS AND ITS MEMBERS

Households (population) disaggregated by socio-economical position of the household’s head:

by the level of education of the household’s head

by the attitude to employment of the household’s head

by the employment status of the household’s head (main place of work)

by the occupation of the household’s head (main place of work)

by main economic activity of the business – main place of household’s head work




POPULATION GROUPS

By different socio-economical groups

children under 16 years old – total

including age groups of

under 3 years old

3-6 years old

7-15 years old

Employed (working)

including – retired persons that are working

Not employed (not working)

including

retired persons that are not working

other categories of unemployed population – total

including

On child-care leave (child of 1.5 to 3 years old)

Looking for work (jobless)

Students, full-time

household work

Other categories of unemployed population


PRECISION OF INCOME POVERTY EVALUATION

Evaluation Standard error

95% confidence interval (limits) Variation

coefficient,%Un-weighted

frequency

bottom top

All population 13.1 0.13 12.9 13.4 1.0 160 008

Population residing in differentdemographical and socio-economicalgroups of households

By the number of individual and children under 18 years old:

In households that consist of

1 person 1.7 0.03 1.6 1.7 1.8 48 790

2 persons 3.5 0.05 3.4 3.6 1.5 53 682

3 persons 8.1 0.13 7.8 8.3 1.6 29 489

4 persons 17.5 0.27 16.9 18.0 1.5 18 939

5 persons and more 30.5 0.53 29.4 31.5 1.8 9 108

In households with children under18 years old:

1 child 12.2 0.21 11.8 12.6 1.7 27 417

2 children 26.3 0.43 25.4 27.1 1.6 15 028

3 children and more 51.0 0.90 49.3 52.8 1.8 4 247

For the reference:

In households with children under 3 years old

35.2 0.58 34.0 36.3 1.7 9 519


GROUPS THAT ATTRACT ADDITIONAL INTEREST WHEN ANALYSING POVERTY:

▪ Working poor (by gender, age, type of economical activity)

▪ Low-income families (not households):

- With children under 1.5 years old

- With children of 1.5 to 3 years old

- With disabled children (specifically by age groups)

▪ Disabled persons of active working age and older

▪ Senior citizens

NEW PRACTICAL APPROACH -

Disaggregation based on target studied groups (targeted sampling)

The source of entire population is administrative registers that contain information

about the recipients (social provision and social support measures)

SHARE OF POPULATION WITH INCOMES BELOW INTERNATIONAL POVERY LINE1)

(as percentage of total population)

Источник: оценка на основании данных выборочного обследования домашних хозяйств и макроэкономического показателя денежных доходов населения.

1) Considering parity purchasing power 2) Source of information: "Poverty and Inequality Database“ of the World Bank.

Share of population with average monetary income per capita

below:

For the reference:

share of population

with income below

national poverty line $1.90

per day

$3.20

per day

$5.5

per day

$10

per day

Russian Federation

2011 0.0 0.2 1.6 8.3 12.7

2012 0.0 0.2 1.4 7.7 10.7

2013 0.0 0.1 1.1 7.5 10.8

2014 0.0 0.1 1.1 6.7 11.2

2015 0.0 0.1 1.0 5.9 13.3

2016 0.0 0.1 1.1 6.5 13.3

2017 (preliminary) 0.0 0.1 1.1 6.2 13.2

For the reference2):

Armenia (2016) 1.8 14.1

Belarus (2016) Less than 1 Less than 1

Brazil (2015) 3.4 8.0

Vietnam (2014) 2.6 11.2

India (2011) 21.2 60.4

Indonesia (2016)6.5 30.9

Kazakhstan (2015) Less than 1 Less than 1

Kyrgyzstan (2016) 1.4 19.1

China (2014) 1.4 9.5

Latvia (2015) Less than 1 1.5

Lithuania (2015) Less than 1 1.5

Mexico (2016) 2.5 11.2

Poland (2015) Less than 1 Less than 1

Romania (2016) Less than 1 3.3

USA(2016) 1.3 1.3

Turkey (2016) Less than 1 1.8

Ukraine (2016) Less than 1 Less than 1

Estonia (2015) Less than 1 1.0

SHARE OF POPULATION WITH INCOMES BELOW INTERNATIONAL POVERY LINE1)

2016

Urban population Rural population

000

000

001

004

001

001

004

014

ниже 1,9 USD в день




1) Taking into account purchasing power parity

SHARE OF POPULATION WITH INCOMES BELOW INTERNATIONAL POVERY LINE OF $3.20 PER DAY1)

2016

Мужчины Женщины

1) Taking into account purchasing power parity

001

001

001

000

001

000

000

000

001

001

001

001

000

000

000

000

Всего

0-17 лет

18-25 лет

26-40 лет

41-50 лет

51-65 лет

66-75 лет

более 75

SHARE OF POPULATION WITH TOTAL DISPOSABLE INCOMES BELOW INTERNATIONAL POVERY LINE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PURCHASING POWER PARITYDepending on the place of residence(based on the results of sample population income survey)

2013 2014 2015 2016

2017 (preliminary

data)

$1.90 USD per day

All population 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Urban population 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Rural population 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4

$3.90 USD per day

All population 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5



$5.00 USD per day

All population 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9



$10.00 USD per day

All population 6.2 6.5 7.0 6.7 6.0



As percentage of total population in the corresponding group

36

POPULATION SIZE WITH MONETARY INCOMES BELOW SUBSISTENCE MINIMUM, LONG VIEW

AS PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL POPULATION SIZE

Source: evaluations based on the sample household budget survey data and macro economical indicators of the population monetary incomes.In 2000 the methodology of subsistence minimum calculation was changed. In 2005 the composition of consumer’s basket, that is used for the subsistence minimum calculation, was changed. In 2013 the procedure of calculation of subsistence minimum was changed.Preliminary data for 2017.


ABSOLUTE POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS: URBAN/RURAL


ABSOLUTE POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS(by the type of settlements) – continuation


ABSOLUTE POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS(by different demographical and socio-economical groups of households)


ABSOLUTE POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS(by different demographical and socio-economical groups of households) –

continuation


ABSOLUTE POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS(by main demographical and social groups of households)


ABSOLUTE POVERTY CHARACTERISTICS(by main demographical and socio-economical groups of households) –

continuation


INDEXES FOR MEASURING MULTI-DIMENTIONAL AND NON-MONETARY POVERTY

Индекс многомерной бедности(Multidimensional Poverty Index. MPI)

Индекс бедности и социальнойисключенности (At Risk Of Poverty Or Social Exclusion, AROPE);

Индекс депривации (Deprivation Index);


(Social Exclusion Index)

45

1 phase (2015)..... Defining the indicators for estimating of deprivation and preparing them for testing on the data of household mass surveys.

2 phase (2016).... Obtaining empirical data based on the established deprivation items list during sample surveys of socio-demographical problems.

3 phase (2017).... Testing computation algorithms for non-monetary poverty indexes:• индекса многомерной бедности (Multidimensional Poverty Index,

MPI)• индекс бедности и социальной исключенности (At Risk Of

Poverty Or Social Exclusion, AROPE);• индекса материальной депривации (Material Deprivation Index);• индекса социальной исключенности (Social Exclusion Index).

NON-MONETARY POVERTY:

PHASES OF ACTIVITIES

46



1 phase (2015). Defining the indicators for estimating deprivation and preparing them for testingon the data of household mass surveys.

1. Requirements for putting together a list of indicators for material deprivation and socialexclusion are defined:

• Equal significance for the whole country but taking into account big regional, economical,national, natural and climatic differences;

• Coherence that would provide international comparability;• Availability of data for its annual collection.

2. Results we achieved:• Social indicators (63 items), that characterize pervasive standard of living of general

population, are formulated.• List of deprivations is defined, based on the results of reference group opinion survey that

explored differential characteristics of the families that are not able to afford society’sconsumption standards. Selected indicators that classified as socially necessary wereverified.

• Operationalization of deprivation items list in the form of specific questions to be includedinto the programs of sample household surveys.

47



2 phase (2016). Obtaining empirical data based on the

established deprivation items list while conducting:

• Full-scale Population Living Conditions Survey (2016 round,covering 60 thousand of households);

• Sample Population Income and Social Programs ParticipationSurvey (2016 and 2017 rounds, covering 60 thousand of householdsand 160 households accordingly).

48



3 phase (2017). Testing computation algorithms for non-monetary poverty

indexes:

• Feasibility of non-monetary poverty line using methods of variance analysis and logistic regression analysis;

• Analysis that identifies soundness of interrelation: - between the values of each non-monetary poverty indexes, calculated

based on every survey results;- between the values of each non-monetary poverty indexes and indexes

of absolute and relative poverty, based on the results of each survey disaggregated by main socio-economical categories of the households (population).

• Information analysis depending on the indicators composition, used for calculating multidimensional poverty index at global level and social exclusion index. Developing requirements for their correction based on the analysis results for the purpose of taking national specifics into full account.

Absolute poverty, % Multidimensional poverty index, %

49

Absolute poverty, % Material deprivation index, %

50

Absolute poverty, % Social exclusion index, %

51

52

CONVERGENCY OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY, MATERIAL

DEPRIVATION AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION (FULL-SCALE POPULATION

LIVING CONDITIONS SURVEY – 2016).

% OF POPULATION

Results of calculating At Risk of Poverty or

Social Exclusion Index, AROPE

53

1.2%

0.6%

16.5% 1.5%

AROPE – 24.1%

Relative Poverty

– 21.3%

(60% median

equivalent scale)

Material deprivation

is 4.6%

Labour Market Exclusion –

3.7%

Population

2.5%

0.1%1.8%

54

International Comparison, AROPE

* Russian Federation did not calculate AROPE in 2015

Results of calculating At Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion Index, AROPE

55

POVERTY INDICATORS FOR MONITORING 2030 AGENDA FOR ...€¦ · POVERTY INDICATORS FOR MONITORING 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Report by the Federal State Statistics Service

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