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1. Tourism and Poverty Alleviation - Rishiraj
2. What is poverty alleviation? Poverty alleviation means to
reduce the poverty from urban areas & rural areas through
employment. Poverty reduction is often used as a short-hand for
promoting economic growth that will permanently lift as many people
as possible over a poverty line. But there are many different
objectives that are consistent with poverty reduction, and we have
to make choices between them.
3. Definition Poverty is insufficient supply of those things
which are requisite for an individual to maintain himself and those
dependent upon him in health and vigour. - J. G. Goddard
4. Poverty fact sheet 1.2 billion people live on less than U.S.
$1 dollar a day. Women represent the large majority of the worlds
poorest . 70% of the people living in poverty worldwide are female.
Over 9 million people die worldwide each year because of hunger.
(source-UN & WHO)
5. Poverty alleviation programmes in India National Old Age
Pension Scheme (NOAPS) National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
National Maternity Benefit Scheme Annapurna Integrated Rural
Development Programme Rural housing- Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
6. Significance of Tourism in India Tourism in India has
emerged as an instrument of income and employment generation,
poverty alleviation & sustainable human development. It
contributes 6.23% to the national GDP & 8.78% of the total
employment in India. 20 million people are now working in the
Indias Tourism industry.
7. conti. The fact that tourism is a labor intensive industry,
which can provide jobs for women and young people. It is also an
industry where entry barriers to establishing new small businesses
canbe quite low. And leaving aside economics, it can bring non-
material benefits such as pride in local culture and a valorization
of the surrounding natural environment in the eyes of local
communities.
8. Important principles to address poverty through tourism
Mainstreaming: Ensuring that sustainable tourism development is
included in general poverty elimination programmes. And,
conversely, including poverty elimination measures within overall
strategies for the sustainable development of tourism. Partnership:
Developing partnerships between public and private sector bodies,
with a common aim of poverty alleviation. Integration: Adopting an
integrated approach with other sectors and avoiding over-
dependence on tourism.
9. Conti. Equitable distribution: Ensuring that tourism
development strategies focus on achieving a more equitable
distribution of wealth and services growth alone is not enough.
Acting locally: Focusing action at a local destination level,
within the context of supportive national policies. Retention:
Reducing leakages from the local economy and building linkages
within it, focusing on the very long tourism supply chain.
10. Conti. Viability: Maintaining sound financial discipline
and assessing the viability of all actions taken. Empowerment:
Creating conditions to empower and enable the poor to have access
to information and to influence and take decisions. Commitment:
Planning action and the application of resources for the long
term
11. Conti... Human rights: Removing all forms of discrimination
against people working, or seeking to work, in tourism and
eliminating any exploitation, particularly against women and
children. Monitoring: Developing simple indicators and systems to
measure the impact of tourism on poverty.
12. Case- Slum tourism in Mumbai (poverty alleviation) While
visiting Mumbai last month we had the opportunity to visit Dharavi,
one of the largest slums in the world, which became world famous
through the film "Slumdog Millionaire." Situated in central Mumbai,
about one million people inhabit an area of 175 hectares. That is a
population density 80 times larger than that of the city of So
Paulo. At first we were hesitant to visit the slum as tourists
because we weren't comfortable with notion, nor the legitimacy of,
"slum tourism".
13. conti. But after some research we joined a tour offered by
Reality Tours, a for-profit private organization whose goal is to
change people's perception of Dharavi, which is often hurt by the
same factors that make the place so famous worldwide. In the movie,
images of Dharavi show a miserable, dirty, and poor location filled
with injustice. The mission of Reality Tours is to show that,
despite its reputation, Dharavi is also packed with ordinary people
- workers with dreams just like the rest of us.
14. conti. The tour, which lasts three hours, is divided into
two parts: Showcasing the community's commercial activity and its
housing conditions. During the commercial portion of the tour, I
was impressed with the diversity of economic activity - industries
such as recycling, leather, ceramics and even food products, of
which papads (a typical Indian snack) are the most relevant,
dominated. Many of the products manufactured completely in Dhavarvi
are exported to other Asian countries, such as leather goods and
heavy machinery. The economic output generated in Dharavi is
estimated at $500 million
15. conti. At the same time, another issue that has drawn much
attention to Dharavi is the precarious conditions faced by workers,
especially those in the recycling industry. Often the recycling
process involves exposure to plastic and metal at high
temperatures, and workers typically are not offered basic safety
equipment. Moreover, the vast majority of workers have migrated
from poorer parts of the country with no place to live, and
consequently work up to 12 hours a day only to sleep on the floor
of their workplace. When you consider that the average wage in the
region is of $4 per day, it's clear conditions are short of any
concept of human rights. Our tour guide was also very forthright
about the incentive that drives many entrepreneurs to
16. conti. Apart from recycling, the of heavy machinery
manufacturing is one of the most important economic activities in
Dharavi. Photo credit: Tom Parker
17. conti. Besides the goal of providing visitors with a deeper
understanding of Dharavi, Reality Tours has also dedicated 80
percent of its profits (about 30 percent of gross revenues) for
social projects. Most of these resources are used by Reality Gives,
a sister organization that performs social projects focused on the
community's youth. These include providing classes in art, English,
computing, vocational training, skill development and personal
health programs. The last stop of the tour took place at the
community center built by Reality Gives, where we observed a
classroom of 16-year-olds learning English.
18. conti. This is a perfect example of a hybrid organization.
To avoid possible distractions related to the dual purpose as a
social business, Reality Tours is responsible for business
activities and the generation of revenue, while also taking account
of activities that generate direct social impact for the population
of Dharavi. So as the capital for social projects is directly
related to the company's profitability, the ability to generate
impact and social change grow at the same pace as the
business.
19. conti. Reality Tours can also serve as a case study of
another issue relevant to any social business: transparency and
accountability. The organization has posted its goals for social
transformation on its website, as well as some of the results
achieved so far, such as the 142 students who are now educated in
English. In addition, all financial reports since the company was
established in 2006 are available to download. As consumers, having
access to financial reports and actual numbers of young people
impacted made us more relaxed about the objectives and the
legitimacy of this organization
20. conti. Tourism is just another industry that can combine
financial return with social impact and therefore offers incredible
potential for social entrepreneurs. There are numerous private
organizations with social transformation in mind that are operating
in this sector; some examples include Aoka and Raizes
Desenvolvimento Sustentvel.
21. conclusion I want to conclude it as that tourism can be
used as a vehicle to eradicate poverty if well planned, for example
in Uganda, most of the tourist attractions are located in remote
areas where the poorest people live. These people are the ones that
bare costs of protecting the attractions for example national
parks, yet these parks have fetched a lot of money for the country,
the Uganda Wildlife Authority gives back 20% from the park
collections to the communities and this money is used to develop
social facilities like schools, hospitals, water, roads extra. So
tourism can be said as the best possible
22. Tourism should not be seen on its own as the answer to the
elimination of poverty but it can make a powerful contribution. The
potential to develop more tourism and to channel a higher
percentage of tourism spending towards the poor may be great in
some areas and quite small in others. However, given the size of
the sector, even small changes in approach when widely applied can
make a significant difference.