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Potential and limits of new media in learning and teaching from a didactical point of view
Karsten D. WolfDidactical Design of Interactive Learning Environments
Winter School 2008 „e-Learning in the Environmental and Geosciences“Monday, 13.01.2008
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FB 12 Erziehungs- und BildungswissenschaftenDidaktische Gestaltung
multimedialer Lernumgebungen
http://www.ifeb.uni-bremen.de/wolf
[email protected]
http://www.zmml.uni-bremen.de/
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
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getting from standardized teaching…
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…to individual learning
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…result in huge benefits
Bloom, B.S. (1984). The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Researcher, 13, 4-16.
ca. 98% Percentil
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the solution is obvious
0
25
50
75
100
learning
usage of media
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didactics as a leverage
0
25
50
75
100
learning
didactical improvement
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Karsten D. Wolf ©2007
Questions today
What is „new“ about New Media?
Why is didactics the limiting factor?
When does didactics play no role at all?
How does new media support „new“ didactics?
Are we witnessing a paradigm shift in education?
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
What is „new“ about New Media?
❖ Multimedia❖ Interactive❖ Networked❖ Constructionist❖ Social❖ Mobile
❖ Connectionist❖ Mashed &
Remixed❖ GISed❖ Embodied❖ Open
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Multimedia
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Multimedia 1658
• Johann Amos Comenius
• Orbis sensualium pictus
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A Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
Richard E. Mayer (2001)
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Richard E. Mayer (2001)
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Results
• use words AND pictures
• place pictures and words nearer
• present pictures and words simultaneously
• exclude extraneous words, pictures, and sounds
• use animation and narration
• use conversational style
• give people control over pace
• include cues about organization and importance
• effects are stronger for low-knowledge learners
Richard E. Mayer (2001)
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Interactivity
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Interactivity
inter
between
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Interactivity
inter
between
listenthinkspeak
listenthinkspeak
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Interactivity
time time
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
no interactivity
time time
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Active watching?
time time
Intake
Intake
Intake
Intake
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Active watching?
time time
Intake
Intake
Intake
Intake
re-acti
on,
no
interactio
n
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Red Hot Chili Peppers Throw Away Your Television
• Throw Away Your Television
• Time to make this clean decision
• It‘s a repeat, of the story told
• It‘s a repeat, and it‘s getting old
• Re-create your supervision now
• Re-invent your intuition now
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
active reading?
time time
Intake
Intake
Intake
Intake
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Levels of interactivityaccording to Chris Crawford
low high
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my view of my fridge
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my fridge‘s view
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
interactive fridge
inter
between
listenthinkspeak
listenthinkspeak
???
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interactivity of my fridge
listen = wait for input of switch
think = run program (done in hardware)
speak = switch on light
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Brain Age 2 (Nintendo DS)
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Wii Fitness…
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Buzz! The School Quiz
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Network access
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Constructionist Constructionist
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attribution: wasta on flickr
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
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buildpublicentities
Seymour PapertFather of Logo
Constructionist
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Social Social
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Mobile Mobile
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Connectivist - Connectionist? Connectivist – Connectionist?
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Connectivism
• Learning as a network forming process
• Knowledge rests in networks
• Trans-individual theory
• Knowing what / how / where
• formation process of theory, but good model for „new“ media
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Mashed & ReMixed
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mashup = combing services + adding some usefulnessre-mix = re-using material in a novel combination
symbiotic relationships and rich learning ecosystems
Google Maps*
*http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/
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re-mixes and mashupsmashup = combing + adding some usefulness
re-mix = re-using material in a novel combination
symbiotic relationships and rich learning ecosystemsGoogle Maps*
*http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
GISed
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Embodied
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© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Open
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really lots of peoplereally lots of people
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Blogs
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really lots of people
measures the „blogosphere“
„71 million blogs…some of them have to be good.“
–Matt
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http://www.sifry.com/alerts/archives/000493.html2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10M20M30M40M50M60M70M
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1,731,000 569,000
474,000 367,000
353,000 288,000
283,000 251,000
222,000 221,000
19.04.2007Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe
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+17% +13%
+19% +17%
+18% +27%
+25% +15%
+27% +14%
ca. 6 months later (1.10.2007)
Suomi +22%
Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe
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What is „new“ in didactics?
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How people learnNational Research Council
Bransford Brown Cocking
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How people learnNational Research Council
Bransford Brown Cocking
no more drill & practice
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• authentic
• motivational complex problems to solve
• highly interactive
• self-regulated construction
• rich learning material
• plurality of views and perspectives
(Reinmann-Rothmeier / Mandl 1996)
∑ Consensus
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cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Brent Davis 2004
Metaphysical Physical
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cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Brent Davis 2004
Mysticism
Religion
Rationalism
EmpirismStructuralism
Post-Structuralism
ComplexityScience
Ecology
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cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Brent Davis 2004
Mysticism
educatingnurturingfosteringtutoring
Religion
discipliningindoctrinating
inductingtrainingguiding
Rationalism
instructinginforming
edifingdirectinglecturing
Empirism
schoolinginculcating
conditioningtraining
remediating
Structuralism
facilitatingmediatingmentoringmodelinginitiating
Post-Structuralism
emancipatingliberating
empoweringgiving voicepedagogy
ComplexityScience
improvisingoccasioning
structuringframing
participating
Ecology
conversinglisteningmindingcaring
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„new“ media and „new“ didactics combined
• paradigm shift
• open education and open contents
• authority shift
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Wikipedias
WiktionariesWikiquotes
WikinewsWikibooks
Wikisources
Wikiversities
today
1 years
2-5 years
10-40 years
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open content for open education
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today: well informed patients stomp physicans / M.D.s
tomorrow: well informed students stomp teachers?
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user generated content
is here to stay!
but does it change education as we know it?
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R.I.P.
Mass adoption of Constructivism in the Classroom
Idea born multiple timesNever received in practice
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cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Web 2.0 services
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literally thousands of „Web 2.0“ tools
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(networked)apprenticeshipenvironments:
see how expertswork and solve problems John Seely Brown
Xerox ParcCognitive Apprenticeship
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culture of participation
recreation to become a form of re-creation (remix, tinkering, sharing) based on productive inquiry situated in communities of co-creation
learning about ➙ learning to be
http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/419/
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user generated content
ideas from Sony‘s„Little Big Planet“
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Faculty educational scienceDidactical design of
interactive learning environments
What does it mean to me?
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metutors
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before: my average course had 30 pages
today: 250 - 350 pages, ~90% done by students
higher motivation & deeper learning
much smaller participation gap
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Education is a matter of power
Education is about the question, what the old generation wants from the young generation (Schleiermacher)
formal education: top-down approachmass- media: top-down approach
user generated content: bottom up, informal settings, self-chosen curriculum, certification by projects done
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Karsten D. Wolf ©2007
Answers today
„New“ New Media
New didactical ideas
Self-organization
Participation
Facilitating
Conversing
Empowering
A 600 pound gorilla is emerging
Educational power balances are shifting
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FB 12 Erziehungs- und BildungswissenschaftenDidaktische Gestaltung
multimedialer Lernumgebungen
http://www.ifeb.uni-bremen.de/wolf
[email protected]
http://www.zmml.uni-bremen.de/