1 Potential and Challenges of Bio-based Chemicals John M Woodley Process Engineering and Technology Group Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark Outline • Rationale for chemicals from biomass • Opportunities for the future • Challenges • Concluding remarks
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Potential and Challengesof Bio-based Chemicals Potential and Challengesof Bio-based Chemicals John M Woodley ProcessEngineering and TechnologyGroup Department of Chemical and BiochemicalEngineering
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Potential and Challenges of Bio-basedChemicals
John M Woodley
Process Engineering and Technology Group
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Technical University of Denmark
Lyngby
Denmark
Outline
• Rationale for chemicals from biomass
• Opportunities for the future
• Challenges
• Concluding remarks
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The potential is significant ….
Total Value of Chemical products sold in 2003: USD 1.24 trillion- Excluding pharmaceutical and consumer products
Japan Asia USA Western Europe RoW
Japan
Asia
RoW
USA
Western Europe
Commodity Chemical Market Size
(2005): ca. 360 Billion USD
• Virtually all bulk chemicals are
produced from oil and gas today
• Technological advances and
sustained high oil prices suggest
that it is possible to substitute
many bulk chemicals at a lower and
less volatile cost using renewables
and/or a biological route
1. Rationale for chemicals from biomass
Sustainable manufacture
• Aim to reduce the amount of waste – Reduce the number of steps
• Reduce the energy demands
• Avoid toxic materials
• Use renewable resources (starting material/feedstock and catalyst)
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Potential targets
Sustainable and renewable feedstocks
Fuels
Fine chemicals and intermediates
Bulk chemicals
Biomass should not just be used as the feedstock for biofuels(amount required, economics)
2. Opportunities
• New products
• New processes
• New technology
• Can therefore lead to new possibilities in the market and new IP
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Development of biorefineries
Feedstock New feedstock New feedstock
(Oil) (Renewable) (Renewable)
Intermediate New intermediate New intermediate
Product Product New product
Targets have been identified (NREL)
OO
HO
3-Hydroxybutyrolactone
O
HO
O
OH
O
2,5-Furan dicarboxylic acid
Succinic acid
HO
O
OH
O
HO
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
Glutaric acid
HO OH
O
3-Hydroxypropionic acid
HO
OH
O
O
Itaconic acid
OH
OHOH
Glycerol
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CH2OH
CH2OH
O
HOH
OHH
H OH
OOOH
CH2OH
HOH
OHH
H OH
H OH
OH
OO
OH
O
OH
GI H+Ox
Glucose Fructose
HMF
5-hydroxymethyl furfural
FDA
furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid
DTU-Novozymes A/S Project
O
OH O
OH
Terephthalic acid
Bottles made of Polyethylene tere-phthalate
(PET)
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
HMF as platform chemical
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Application of biotechnology
Bio-acrylic acid (Novozymes and Cargill)
Starch,
Biomass GlucoseBio-Acrylic
Acid3-Hydroxy-
propionic acid
Enzymatic Process
Fermentation
metabolic engineering
Chemical downstream
process
Current petrochemical route for production of acrylic acid:
New process based on biomass for production of acrylic acid
Propylene Acrylic Acid
Propylene 2000: 430 USD/metric tonPropylene 2008: 1450 USD/metric ton
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Some other relevant projects
• DuPont/BP: Butanol
• Danisco/Goodyear: Isoprene
• Amyris Biotechnologies: Isoprene, alternative
fuel
• LS-9: alternative fuels
• Metabolics Explorer: L-Methionine, 1,2-
Propanediol, 1,3-Propanediol, N-Butanol,
Glycolic acid
Advantageous features of enzymes
• Exquisite selectivity (stereo- and regio- )
• Require water for operation (green catalysts)
• Operate under mild conditions (pH, temperature, pressure) – reduced byproducts, green processes and reduced protection and deprotection (fewer steps)
• Catalyst from renewable resource (green catalysts)
• Ability to alter catalyst properties (via protein engineering and genetic engineering (cloning and expression))