Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development for the Northern Plains North Dakota State University 2009 Summary Asunta (Susie) L. Thompson, Ph.D. Bryce Farnsworth, Richard Nilles Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58108 [email protected]701.231.8160 (office) Potato Breeding, Selection, Cultivar Development, and Germplasm Enhancement Potato continues to be the most important vegetable and horticultural crop grown in North Dakota and the Northern Plains. Traditionally, North Dakota State University (NDSU) potato cultivar releases have been widely adapted and accepted, thus significantly impacting production in North Dakota, Minnesota, the Northern Plains, and often throughout North America. The NDSU potato breeding program was established more than 75 years ago as part of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES). Since 1930, 24 cultivars have been named and released by the NDAES, in cooperation with the USDA-ARS, and others (please see attachment). Many additional collaborative releases with state Agricultural Experiment Stations, the USDA-ARS, and Agriculture Canada have also occurred. As a leader in potato breeding, selection, and cultivar development, our goal is to identify and release superior, multi-purpose cultivars that are high yielding, possess multiple resistances to diseases, insect pests, and environmental stresses, have excellent processing and/or culinary quality, and that are adapted to production in North Dakota, Minnesota, and the Northern Plains. Our program emphasizes late blight, cold-sweetening, Colorado potato beetle, pink rot and Pythium leak, silver scurf, sugar end, and aphid and virus resistance breeding. In 2009, we initiated an accelerated effort to develop Verticillium wilt resistant cultivars with Dr. Neil Gudmestad’s research program in Plant Pathology. This effort is in response to producer needs to aid in production of an economically and environmentally sustainable crop. In order to develop durable and long-term resistance to pests and stresses, breeding efforts continue to include germplasm enhancement to incorporate important pest resistances and improved quality traits via exploitation of wild species and wild species hybrids, in addition to the use of released cultivars and advanced germplasm from around the globe. Breeding, evaluation, and screening efforts are successful because of the cooperative and interdisciplinary efforts amongst the NDSU potato improvement team, the North Dakota State Seed Department (NDSSD), and with potato producers, research and industry personnel in ND, the Northern Plains, and North America. In order to meet the needs of producers and industry, we have established the following research objectives: 1) Develop potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum L.) cultivars for North Dakota, the Northern Plains, and beyond, using traditional hybridization that are genetically superior for yield, market-limiting traits, and processing quality. 2) Identify and introgress into adapted potato germplasm, genetic resistance to major disease,
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Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development for the Northern Plains
3 Standard Russet Norkotah, does not include lines, strains or selections from CO, TX, or NE
4 Dual-purpose – suitable for French fry processing and tablestock Evaluated as AOND95249-1Russ.
January 2010
Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development
Breeding, Selection and Development Schematic
North Dakota State University
Year Procedure
1 Parental selection, crossing and true seed production in the greenhouse. Produce
seedling tubers from true seed in the greenhouse. Initiate late blight screening of
seedling families. 2 100,000+ North Dakota seedlings are planted in the field (Langdon, ND) as single
hills. Up to 100,000 from out-of state programs are also planted at ND and MN
locations. Initial selection takes place at harvest; 1,000-1,500 genotypes are
typically retained. This is the first cycle of field selection. Decisions regarding
seed increase are initiated. 3 Two-four hill units are planted at Absaraka for seed maintenance. Typically 200-
250 selections are retained at harvest based primarily on phenotypic selection. This
is the second cycle of field selection. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) resistant
(potential) selections are entered into replicated trials and evaluated for defoliation.
Selections are evaluated for specific gravity and internal defects. Chipping and
russet selections are evaluated for sucrose rating and are chipped from storage (5.5
and 7.2 C). Replicated late blight resistance screening field evaluations begin.
Preliminary yield trials begin. 4 and/or 5 Two-four hill units are planted at Absaraka and 10 hills are planted at Wyndmere
for seed maintenance. Decisions regarding increase are made at harvest and
following quality evaluations during the winter. This is the third cycle of field
selection. Selections are evaluated for specific gravity and internal defects.
Chipping evaluations, late blight and CPB resistance screenings continue. Cleanup
and micropropagation are initiated for exceptional genotypes. Selected lines are
increased for trial seed. Entry into state yield trials for up to three years may occur.
Sensory evaluations are initiated. Decision is made following grading, or during the
winter evaluations, determining which selections to continue with. 6 Second year of state trials. Promising selections continue to be increased.
Additional selections may be entered into micropropagation. Cultural management
and disease/pest (field and post-harvest reaction) evaluation trials begin. Promising
selections continue to be increased. To growers for evaluation and increase. 7 Third year in State Trials or exceptional selections to North Central Regional Potato
Variety Trial. Cultural management and disease/pest evaluation trials continue.
Processing selections are evaluated for flake production. 8-11 Enter in North Central Regional Trial for up to 3 years and Snack Food Association
Trial if it is a chipper. Grower evaluation and increase continue. Cultural
management and disease/pest reaction evaluations continue. 10-15+ Consider for release as a named cultivar.