Food Intake Patterns Among Women In Rural South Haiti Michael Dessalines 1 , Mousson Finnigan 2 , Amber Hromi-Fiedler 1,3 , Helena Pachón 4 , Rafael Pérez-Escamilla 1,3 1 Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 2 Organization for the Rehabilitation of the Environment (ORE), Camp-Perrin, Haiti, 3 Connecticut NIH EXPORT Center of Excellence for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos, Storrs, CT, 4 International Center for Tropical Agriculture, CIAT, Cali, Colombia We applied a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to 153 mothers of children under five years old in rural South Haiti from June to late July 2007. The FFQ contained 55 items and used a 3 months reference time period. Over the previous 3 months, the majority of women reported consuming at least once fruits (98.7%), rice (98.7%), local bread (96.7%), mangos (96.7%), corn (95.4%), plantains (94%), carrots (93.5%), and sweet potatoes (92.8%), followed by fish (85.0%), salty snacks (85.0%), raw milk (83.0%), chicken (81.0%), beef (80.4%), papaya (78.9%), concentrated milk (60.8%), liver (53.6%), and watermelon (52.3%). However, the median consumption for most nutrient dense foods was less than 2 times per week. Only plantain, beans, rice, local bread and mangoes were consumed 3 or more times per week. Among foods consumed by the majority, the following were infrequently consumed (i.e. median less or equal 2 times a week): watermelon, sweet potatoes, papaya, pumpkin, carrots, liver, chicken, beef, fish, salty snacks, concentrated milk and kola. The above results suggest a need for micronutrient enhanced foods in the area to alleviate potential micronutrient deficiencies. We are currently exploring the potential contributions that orange fleshed sweet potatoes can make towards this goal. Funded by CIDA (7034161) through a grant to the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Abstract • Foods consumed by the majority of women at least 3 times per week were staples such as rice, beans, plantains, mangoes and local bread. • Mangoes played an important role in the diet during the season when the study was conducted. • Foods consumed infrequently included nutrient dense foods such as vegetables, several fruits, animal protein and dairy foods. • Results indicate that the quality of the diet consumed by the target women was very low. • There is a need for micronutrient enhanced foods in the area to alleviate potential micronutrient deficiencies. •Location: Camp-Perrin, South Haiti •Cross-sectional, convenience sample •N=153 healthy non-pregnant mothers with children < 5 y •55-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Items per food group were: Fruits & vegetables (15 items), milk, dairy & protein foods (10 items), bread & cereals (10 items), snacks & drinks (11 items), tubers (3 items), sweet potato seasonality (6 items) •Survey applied in Creole by three fieldworkers trained, standardized and closely monitored •Study conducted in the context of a larger study whose objective was to evaluate the potential for biofortified sweet potato to improve vitamin A intake among pre-school children and their mothers Fruits and vegetables Breads and cereals Dairy & protein group Snacks & drinks 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 white yam yellow yam sweet potato % % consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week Tubers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 White skin in winter White skin in summer Yellow skin in winter Yellow skin in summer Red skin in winter Red skin in summer % % of seasonal consumption %>3 times per week Seasonal consumption of sweet potatoes Summary of Dietary Intake Results:% women consuming foods >3 times per week Participants’ Background Characteristics Study Design Results Conclusion 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 co r n r ice ri ce & be a n s & p o rk r ice & b ea n s & c hi cke n r ice & o kr a r ic e & sp ag h et ti whi te b re a d w he at br e ad local bread % % consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 salt y s n ack s s w e e t coo k ie s r egular sod a d ie t soda kola cof f ee powde r e d ju i ce h er b al te a b ee r win e rhum ba r bamcourt % % consumed in past 3 months % > 3 times per week 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 raw milk e v a po r ated m ilk cheese c h ic ken be e f p o rk liver fish s h r imp cra b pe a nut b u t t e r % % consumed in past 3 months % > 3 times per week 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 fruit juice f r u it ma n go p a pa y a w a t e rm e l o n lettuce p umki n s ou p p la nt a in p ump k in okra c a r ro ts be e ts g r ee n p ea s bean s tomato % % consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week fish liver soda (regular/diet) and kola white bread sweet and salty snacks corn evaporated milk peanut butter >75% 50-75% 25-50% <25% mangoes coffee raw milk green peas papaya crab okra beans fruits chicken pumpkin soup alcoholic beverages green peas yams beets sweet potatoes carrots herbal tea wheat bread beef pumpkin rice (includes mixed dishes) plantain powdered juice cheese lettuce local bread fruit juice pork tomatoes water melon 30.7 (12.6) 153 Child age (months) % or mean (SD) n 33.3 51 Child with malaria (in past 2 months %) 25.5 39 Child with diarrhea past 2 weeks (%) 65.4 100 Income <$30.00 per month (%) 34.0 50.3 12.4 3.3 52 77 19 5 Maternal BMI Underweight [<20 kg/m 2 ] (%) Adequate weight [20 - <25 kg/m 2 ] (%) Overweight [25 - <30 kg/m 2 ] (%) Obese [ >30 kg/m 2 ] (%) 43.4 62 Child stunting [< -2 HAZ] (%) 59.5 91 Farming (%) 44.4 68 Elementary school not completed (%) 32.0 (7.0) 153 Maternal age (years) Participants' background characteristics (N=153) Fieldworker training session Children from a participating household Fieldworker conducting food intake interview Fieldworker with participant Note: Winter or raining season: April to June, October and November Summer or dry season: November to March
Poster37: Food intake patterns among women in rural South Haiti
Jul 16, 2015
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Food Intake Patterns Among Women In Rural South HaitiMichael Dessalines1, Mousson Finnigan2, Amber Hromi-Fiedler1,3, Helena Pachón4, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla1,3
1Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 2Organization for the Rehabilitation of the Environment (ORE), Camp-Perrin, Haiti, 3Connecticut NIH EXPORT Center of Excellence for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos, Storrs, CT, 4International Center for Tropical Agriculture, CIAT, Cali,
Colombia
We applied a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to 153 mothers of children under five years old in rural South Haiti from June to late July 2007. The FFQ contained 55 items and used a 3 months reference time period. Over the previous 3 months, the majority of women reported consuming at least once fruits (98.7%), rice (98.7%), local bread (96.7%), mangos (96.7%), corn (95.4%), plantains (94%), carrots (93.5%), and sweet potatoes (92.8%), followed by fish (85.0%), salty snacks (85.0%), raw milk (83.0%), chicken (81.0%), beef (80.4%), papaya (78.9%), concentrated milk (60.8%), liver (53.6%), and watermelon (52.3%). However, the median consumption for most nutrient dense foods was less than 2 times per week. Only plantain, beans, rice, local bread and mangoes were consumed 3 or more times per week. Among foods consumed by the majority, the following were infrequently consumed (i.e. median less or equal 2 times a week): watermelon, sweet potatoes, papaya, pumpkin, carrots, liver, chicken, beef, fish, salty snacks, concentrated milk and kola. The above results suggest a need for micronutrient enhanced foods in the area to alleviate potential micronutrient deficiencies. We are currently exploring the potential contributions that orange fleshed sweet potatoes can make towards this goal. Funded by CIDA (7034161) through a grant
to the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).
Abstract
• Foods consumed by the majority of women at least 3 times per week were staples such as rice, beans, plantains, mangoes and local bread.
• Mangoes played an important role in the diet during the season when the study was conducted.
• Foods consumed infrequently included nutrient dense foods such as vegetables, several fruits, animal protein and dairy foods.
• Results indicate that the quality of the diet consumed by the target women was very low.
• There is a need for micronutrient enhanced foods in the area toalleviate potential micronutrient deficiencies.
•Location: Camp-Perrin, South Haiti
•Cross-sectional, convenience sample
•N=153 healthy non-pregnant mothers with children < 5 y
•55-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Items per food group were: Fruits & vegetables (15 items), milk, dairy & protein foods (10 items), bread & cereals (10 items), snacks & drinks (11 items), tubers (3 items), sweet potato seasonality (6 items)
•Survey applied in Creole by three fieldworkers trained, standardized and closely monitored
•Study conducted in the context of a larger study whose objective was to evaluate the potential for biofortified sweet potato to improve vitamin A intake among pre-school children and their mothers
Fruits and vegetables Breads and cereals Dairy & protein group Snacks & drinks
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
white yam yellow yam sweet potato
%
% consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week
Tubers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
White skin
in winter
White skin
in summer
Yellow skin
in winter
Yellow skin
in summer
Red skin in
winter
Red skin in
summer
%
% of seasonal consumption %>3 times per week
Seasonal consumption of sweet potatoes
Summary of Dietary Intake Results:% women consuming foods >3 times per week
Participants’ Background Characteristics
Study Design
Results
Conclusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
corn
rice
rice &
bea
ns &
por
k
rice &
bea
ns &
chi
cken
rice
& okr
aric
e & s
paghet
tiw
hite
bre
adw
heat
bre
adlo
cal b
read
%
% consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
salty
sna
cks
swee
t coo
kies
regu
lar s
oda
diet
sod
a
kola
coffe
epo
wdere
d ju
ice
herb
al te
a
beer
win
e
rhum
bar
bam
cour
t
%
% consumed in past 3 months % > 3 times per week
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
raw
milk
evap
orat
ed m
ilk
chee
sech
icken
beef
pork
liver fish
shrim
p
crab
pean
ut b
utte
r
%
% consumed in past 3 months % > 3 times per week
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
fruit
juice fru
itm
ango
papa
yaw
ater
mel
onle
ttuce
pum
kin
soup
plan
tain
pum
pkin
okra
carr
ots
beet
sgr
een
peas
bean
sto
mat
o
%
% consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week
fish
liver
soda (regular/diet)
and kola
white bread
sweet and salty
snacks
corn
evaporated milk
peanut butter
>75%50-75%25-50%<25%
mangoescoffee raw milkgreen peas papaya
crabokra
beansfruitschickenpumpkin
soup
alcoholic beveragesgreen peas
yams beets
sweet potatoescarrots
herbal teawheat breadbeefpumpkin
rice (includes
mixed dishes)
plantainpowdered
juice
cheeselettuce
local breadfruit juicepork tomatoeswater melon
30.7 (12.6)153Child age (months)
% or mean (SD)n
33.351Child with malaria (in past 2 months %)
25.539Child with diarrhea past 2 weeks (%)
65.4100Income <$30.00 per month (%)
34.0
50.3
12.4
3.3
52
77
19
5
Maternal BMI
Underweight [<20 kg/m2] (%)
Adequate weight [20 - <25 kg/m2] (%)
Overweight [25 - <30 kg/m2] (%)
Obese [ >30 kg/m2] (%)
43.462Child stunting [< -2 HAZ] (%)
59.591Farming (%)
44.468Elementary school not completed (%)
32.0 (7.0)153Maternal age (years)
Participants' background characteristics (N=153)
Fieldworker training session
Children from a participating household
Fieldworker conducting food intake interview
Fieldworker with participant
Note: Winter or raining season: April to June, October and November
Summer or dry season: November to March
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