TYPES AND FEATURES OF EARTHEN POND BY OLADAPO HAMMED INTRODUCTION Earthen ponds are natural earthen reservoirs, which is often created by excavation and/or damming up a natural soil , sometimes with the addition of clay or artificial membrane liner. Earthen pond is a type of habitat in Aquaculture. Aquaculture is the propagation and rearing of aquatic organisms such as Fish, Crab and other water dwelling animals and aquatic plants in a controlled or a semi controlled environment. Earthen pond is the worlds most capital investment in aquaculture TYPE OF EARTHEN POND There are three main types of Earthen Pond, Namely SUNKEN POND BARRAGE POND DIVERSION POND SUNKEN POND The Sunken Pond is usually built from an existing hollow or depression in the ground with support of an additional embankment/ dyke to increase the depth. The main source of water for sunken ponds is majorly from groundwater, rainfalls and surface runoffs, it is rarely supported by pumping. As the floor of the Sunken Pond is below the level of the surrounding land this makes the pond undrainable or partially drainable. BARRAGE POND The Barrage Pond is a drainable type of pond, it is usually built by making a dam at the end of a valley. This could be built as a single or series across the end of the valley. The main source of water that feeds barrage pond is directly from nearby stream, reservoir or spring. The intake and level of water in this kind of pond is usually controlled by a point on the pond called inlet. The inlet controls the amount of water that is allowed into the pond, and excess water is let out through another point called outlet. Diversion Canal is usually built on one side of barrage pond to divert excess water from the flood or main source of water supply ( stream, reservoir or spring ). A spillway is also built on the pond to protect the dyke. DIVERSION POND Diversion Pond could be built either as a four-dyke embankment pond on a flat ground or on a sloping ground as a cut-and-fill pond. It is a drainable pond which is usually drain through a drainage canal. Diversion canal is the main source of water that fed the diversion pond. The water from the diversion canal is either pumped into the pond or been fed by the gravity of the water. Like the barrage pond, diversion pond’s water intake, water flow and water level is also controlled through the inlet and the outlet point on each of the pond. Diversion pond is easy to maintain because it could be completely drained. BIBLIOGRAPHY www.fao.org http://www.unaab.ng www.kvkphek.nic.in agropedia.iitk.ac.in
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TYPES AND FEATURES OF EARTHEN PONDBY
OLADAPO HAMMED
INTRODUCTION
Earthen ponds are natural earthen reservoirs, which is often created by excavation and/or damming up a natural soil , sometimes with the addition of clay or artificial membrane liner. Earthen pond is a type of habitat in Aquaculture. Aquaculture is the propagation and rearing of aquatic organisms such as Fish, Crab and other water dwelling animals and aquatic plants in a controlled or a semi controlled environment.
Earthen pond is the worlds most capital investment in aquaculture
TYPE OF EARTHEN POND
There are three main types of Earthen Pond, Namely
SUNKEN POND
BARRAGE POND
DIVERSION POND
SUNKEN POND
The Sunken Pond is usually built from an existing hollow or depression in the ground with support of an additional embankment/ dyke to increase the depth. The main source of water for sunken ponds is majorly from groundwater, rainfalls and surface runoffs, it is rarely supported by pumping.
As the floor of the Sunken Pond is below the level of the surrounding land this makes the pond undrainable or partially drainable.
BARRAGE POND
The Barrage Pond is a drainable type of pond, it is usually built by making a dam at the end of a valley. This could be built as a single or series across the end of the valley.
The main source of water that feeds barrage pond is directly from nearby stream, reservoir or spring.
The intake and level of water in this kind of pond is usually controlled by a point on the pond called inlet. The inlet controls the amount of water that is allowed into the pond, and excess water is let out through another point called outlet.
Diversion Canal is usually built on one side of barrage pond to divert excess water from the flood or main source of water supply ( stream, reservoir or spring ). A spillway is also built on the pond to protect the dyke.
DIVERSION POND
Diversion Pond could be built either as a four-dyke embankment pond on a flat ground or on a sloping ground as a cut-and-fill pond.It is a drainable pond which is usually drain through a drainage canal.Diversion canal is the main source of water that fed the diversion pond. The water from the diversion canal is either pumped into the pond or been fed by the gravity of the water. Like the barrage pond, diversion pond’s water intake, water flow and water level is also controlled through the inlet and the outlet point on each of the pond.Diversion pond is easy to maintain because it could be completely drained.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.fao.orghttp://www.unaab.ngwww.kvkphek.nic.inagropedia.iitk.ac.in
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