Quantification and Characterization of Dust Emissions from Tracked Vehicles and Helicopters Using Optical Remote Sensing Poster Number: 90 Abstract Unique military activities, such as movement of tracked vehicles on unimproved roads and flying of rotary winged aircraft in arid regions, emit particulate matter (PM) to the atmosphere. Both visual air quality and public health can be adversely affected by PM emissions. Remote methods to quantify the mass of PM emitted from these fugitive sources are not well established. In this study, a novel method using optical remote sensing (ORS) was developed to quantify the size distributions, mass concentrations, and emission factors for PM that is emitted to the atmosphere during select military activities. The ORS devices consist of a ground-based Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL), two Open Path- Fourier Transform InfraRed (OP-FTIR) spectrometers and two Open Path- Laser Transmissometers (OP-LTs). An algorithm was formulated to invert the Lidar equation, which was applied to compute the dust extinction profiles from the MPL’s backscatter light signals. This method was then implemented characterize dust plumes from military activities. Dust emissions that were generated by the movement of three types of tracked vehicles (M- 113, Bradley, and M-1) were characterized at Yakima Training Center (YTC) in Washington State, USA. Also, dust plumes that were generated by lying rotary winged aircraft (Bell 210 helicopter) over two surface types (i.e. desert pavement and disturbed desert soils) were characterized at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) in Arizona, USA. Schematics of Field Campaigns Ke Du a , Mark J. Rood a , Byung J. Kim b , Michael R. Kemme b , Ram A. Hashmonay c , Ravi Varma d , and Wangki Yuen a Methodology and Site Photos Experimental setup for measuring dust emissions from the flying of helicopters Helicopter, monitoring equipment and dust plume Professional Affiliations a. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign b. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center- Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) c. ARCADIS d. National University of Ireland Raw MPL data Normalized relative backscattering (NRB) Extinction profile, 1-D mass concentration profile, g/m 3 MPL data correction Plume transmittance Particle size distribution, N(D p ) from OP- FTIR and OP-LT Refractive index, m Particle density, Mie model K * = Conc. = K * 2-D mass concentration profile from interpolation of four 1-D profiles along MPL scanning paths Dust emission factor, g/vkm* or g/helicopter pass 2 p 1 p 2 p 1 p D D p p 2 p e D D p p 3 p dD ) D ( N D ) m , α ( Q dD ) D ( N D 3 2 Lidar equation inverting method Wind data Helicopte r Dust plume Moving direction A pproach Scanning M PL O P-FTIR & O P-LT Retroreflector Reflective target M PL paths Dustplum e Soil surface O P-FTIR and O P-LT paths LID A R 304 m 89 m Note: m ap notto scale Withdraw 3 m 133 m A pproach Bell210 Helicopter Scanning M PL O P-FTIR & O P-LT Retroreflector Reflective target M PL paths Dustplum e Soil surface Wind O P-FTIR and O P-LT paths LID A R LID A R 304 m 89 m Note: m ap notto scale Withdraw 3 m 133 m A pproach Scanning M PL O P-FTIR & O P-LT Retroreflector Reflective target M PL paths Dustplum e Soil surface O P-FTIR and O P-LT paths LID A R LID A R 304 m 89 m Note: m ap notto scale Withdraw 3 m 133 m A pproach Bell210 Helicopter Scanning M PL O P-FTIR & O P-LT Retroreflector Reflective target M PL paths Dustplum e Soil surface Wind O P-FTIR and O P-LT paths LID A R LID A R 304 m 89 m Note: m ap notto scale Withdraw 3 m 133 m LID A R LID A R 304 m 89 m Note: m ap notto scale Withdraw 3 m 133 m Experimental setup for measuring dust emissions from the moving tracked vehicles MPL Tracked vehicle Dust plume *vkm: vehicle kilometer traveled