EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ANDAMAN SEA INDIA Car Nicobar Siberut Sipora N Pagai S Pagai Pini Nias Tanahbala 1907 1935 1943 1969 2004 2005 2007 2009 2010 2010 2010 Ranong Surat Thani Phangnga Krabi Phuket Phatthalung Trang Pattani Satun Kangar Nakhon Si Thammarat Songkhla Yala Alor Setar Banda Aceh Ipoh Padang Pinang Medan 2004 2005 A A' 100° 100° 98° 98° 96° 96° 94° 94° 92° 92° 10° 10° 8° 8° 6° 6° 4° 4° 2° 2° 0° 2° 4° 4° S U N DA (J A V A) T R IA PLATE BURMA PLATE SUNDA PLATE AUSTRALIA PLATE S O C H S ANDAMAN SEA BAY OF B ENGAL Sumatra Great Sumatra Fault R I LANKA THAILAND SINGAPORE MALAYSIA CAMBODIA VIETN A Gulf of Thailand M id-Indian Basin t y E a s t R i d g e I nv e s t i g a t o r R i d g e 1941 2005 1861 2004 1833 1881 2004 2005 2007 110° 110° 100° 100° 90° 90° 10° 10° 0° 0° 10° M8.6 Northern Sumatra, Earthquake of 11 April 2012 0 200 400 100 Km CAMBODIA LAOS THAILAND MALAYSIA Kuantan New Port Phitsanulok Bassein Savannakhet Moulmein Hue Khon Kaen Da Nang Nakhon Sawan Ubon Ratchathani Quang Ngai Nakhon Ratchasima Tavoy Play Cu Qui Nhon Samut Prakan Samut Sakhon Siemreab Batdambang Buon Me Thuot Nha Trang Da Lat Port Blair Bien Hoa Phan Thiet Tan An My Tho Vinh Long Can Tho Rach Gia Soc Trang Bac Lieu Nakhon Si Thammarat Songkhla Yala Kota Baharu Alor Setar Banda Aceh Kuala Terengganu Ipoh Seremban Melaka Johor Baharu Pekanbaru Pontianak Padang Jambi Bengkulu Tanjungkarang- Telukbetung Pinang Rangoon Phnom Penh Ho Chi Minh City Medan Kuala Lumpur Palembang Bandung Singapore Bangkok Jakarta 100° 100° 90° 90° 10° 10° 0° 0° 10° 10° 0 200 400 600 Km Scale Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic Network Tectonic Setting Seismic Hazard Epicentral Region TECTONIC SETTING The M8.6 April 11, 2012 earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting within the oceanic lithosphere of the Indo-Australia plate. The quake was located approximately 100 km to the southwest of the major subduction zone that defines the plate boundary between the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates offshore Sumatra. At this location, the Indo-Australia plate moves north-northeast with respect to the Sunda plate at a velocity of approximately 52 mm/yr. Large strike-slip earthquakes, while rare, are not unprecedented in this region of the Indo-Australian plate. Since the massive M 9.1 earthquake that ruptured a 1300 km long segment of the Sumatran megathrust plate boundary in December of 2004, three large strike-slip events have occurred within 50 km of the April 11, 2012 even. These earthquakes occurred on April 19 2006 (Mw6.2), October 4 2007 (Mw6.2) and January 10, 2012 (Mw7.2). In all three cases, the style of faulting was similar. These events align approximately with fabric of the sea floor in the diffuse boundary zone between the Indian and Australian plates. EXPLANATION Great Rupture Year Rupture Zone Mag ≥ 7.0 0 - 69 km 70 - 299 300 - 600 Active Volcanoes RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS In the region of this earthquake, earthquakes define the boundary between the South American and Nazca Plates, which are converging at about 80 mm/yr. 0 500 1,000 Km Scale 1:4,840,000 Scale Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 7.5 Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag 1907 01 04 0519 2.000 94.500 50 7.5 1935 12 28 0235 -0.345 98.147 35 7.8 1943 06 09 0306 -1.000 101.000 50 7.5 1969 11 21 0205 1.973 94.574 11 7.6 2004 12 26 0058 3.295 95.982 30 9.0 2005 03 28 1609 2.085 97.108 30 8.6 2007 09 12 2349 -2.625 100.841 35 7.9 2009 09 30 1016 -0.720 99.867 81 7.5 2010 04 06 2215 2.383 97.048 31 7.8 2010 06 12 1926 7.881 91.936 35 7.5 2010 10 25 1442 -3.487 100.082 20 7.8 2012 04 11 1043 0.773 92.452 16 8.2 2012 04 11 1043 0.773 92.452 16.4 8.2 EPICENTRAL REGION 1:15,000,000 1:15,000,000 EPICENTRAL REGION Depth Profile A A' Depth (km) Distance (km) Earthquakes locations are from the Centennial Catalog (1900-2003) and from NEIC (2003-present) Northern Sumatra Earthquake 11 April 2012 8:38:37 UTC 2.348° N., 93.072° E. Depth 25 km Mw = 8.6 (USGS) EXPLANATION Earthquakes 1900 - 2011 M 4.50 - 5.99 M 6.00 - 6.99 M 7.00 - 7.99 M >= 8.00 Aftershocks Earthquake Depth 0 - 69 70 - 299 300 - 700 Rupture Zone Active Volcanoes Peak Ground Acceleration m/sec**2 .2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 9.8 PAGER DATA SOURCES EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program PLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007) World Slap (Hayes and Wald, 2010) BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models REFERENCES Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p. Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. The GEBCO_08 Grid, version 20090202, http://www.gebco.net Hayes, Gavin, and Wald, David, 2010, Slab models for subduction zones: USGS, http://earthquakes.usgs.gov/research/data/slab DISCLAIMER Base map data, such as place names and political boundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore should not be regarded as having official significance. Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center 11 April 2012 Map not approved for release by Director USGS -300 -300 -200 -200 -100 -100 0 0 100 100 200 200 300 300 400 400 500 500 600 600 -200 -200 -100 -100 0 0 Earthquakes within the Depth Profile are from the Epicental Region map. Depth Profile Area Northern Sumatra Earthquake 11 April 2012 10:43:09 UTC 0.773° N., 92.4522° E. Depth 16 km Mw = 8.2 (USGS) -300 -300 -200 -200 -100 -100 0 0 100 100 200 200 300 300 400 400 500 500 600 600 -200 -200 -100 -100 0 0
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EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAPU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
ANDAMAN SEA
A n d a m a n B a s i n
Middle Andaman
South Andaman
Little Andaman
INDIACar Nicobar
S u m a t r aSiberut
Sipora
N Pagai
S Pagai
Enggano
Pini
Nias
Tanahbala
1907
1935
1943
1969
2004
2005
2007
2009
2010
2010
2010
Ranong
SuratThani
Phangnga
KrabiPhuket
PhatthalungTrang
Pattani
SatunKangar
Nakhon SiThammarat
Songkhla
Yala
AlorSetar
BandaAceh
Ipoh
Padang
Pinang
Medan
2004
2005
A
A'
100°
100°
98°
98°
96°
96°
94°
94°
92°
92°
10° 10°
8° 8°
6° 6°
4° 4°
2° 2°
0° 0°
2° 2°
4° 4°
SUN DA (J AVA) TRENC H
AUSTRALIA PLATE
BURMAPLATE
SUNDA PLATE
AUSTRALIAPLATE
S O U T HC H I N A
S E A
J A V A S E A
A N D A M A NS E A
B A Y O FB E N G A L
Sumatra
Java
Greater Sunda Is lands
S u m a t r a F a u l t
I N D O N E S I A
S R I L A N K A
T H A I L A N D
S I N G A P O R E
MA
LA
YS
I A
C A M B O D I AV I E T N A M
Gulfof
Thailand
M i d - I n d i a nB a s i n
Ni
ne
ty
E
as
t
Ri
dg
e
Inv
es
tiga
t or R
i dg
e
O s b o r nP l a t e a u
1941
EURASIA PLATE
2005
1861
2004
1833
1881
2004
2005
2007
110°
110°
100°
100°
90°
90°
10° 10°
0° 0°
10° 10°
M8.6 Northern Sumatra, Earthquake of 11 April 2012
0 200 400100Km
VIETNAM
CAMBODIA
LAOSTHAILAND
MALAYSIA
KuantanNew Port
PhitsanulokBassein SavannakhetMoulmein HueKhonKaen Da NangNakhon
Sawan UbonRatchathani
QuangNgaiNakhon
Ratchasima
Tavoy Play CuQui NhonSamut Prakan
SamutSakhon
SiemreabBatdambang Buon Me
Thuot
NhaTrang
Da LatPortBlair
Bien HoaPhanThiet
Tan AnMy Tho
Vinh Long
Can ThoRach Gia
SocTrang
Bac LieuNakhon SiThammarat
SongkhlaYala Kota
BaharuAlorSetarBanda
Aceh KualaTerengganu
Ipoh
SerembanMelaka
JohorBaharu
PekanbaruPontianak
Padang
Jambi
Bengkulu
Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung
Pinang
Rangoon
PhnomPenh Ho Chi
Minh City
Medan KualaLumpur
Palembang
Bandung
Singapore
Bangkok
Jakarta
100°
100°
90°
90°
10° 10°
0° 0°
10° 10°
0 200 400 600
Km
Scale
Prepared in cooperation
with the Global Seismographic
Network
Tectonic Setting
Seismic Hazard
Epicentral Region
TECTONIC SETTING
The M8.6 April 11, 2012 earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, occurred asa result of strike-slip faulting within the oceanic lithosphere of the Indo-Australia plate. The quakewas located approximately 100 km to the southwest of the major subduction zone that defines theplate boundary between the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates offshore Sumatra. At this location, theIndo-Australia plate moves north-northeast with respect to the Sunda plate at a velocity ofapproximately 52 mm/yr.
Large strike-slip earthquakes, while rare, are not unprecedented in this region of the Indo-Australianplate. Since the massive M 9.1 earthquake that ruptured a 1300 km long segment of the Sumatranmegathrust plate boundary in December of 2004, three large strike-slip events have occurred within50 km of the April 11, 2012 even. These earthquakes occurred on April 19 2006 (Mw6.2), October4 2007 (Mw6.2) and January 10, 2012 (Mw7.2). In all three cases, the style of faulting was similar.These events align approximately with fabric of the sea floor in the diffuse boundary zone betweenthe Indian and Australian plates.
EXPLANATION
Great RuptureYear
Rupture Zone
Mag ≥ 7.00 - 69 km70 - 299300 - 600Active VolcanoesRELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS
In the region of this earthquake,earthquakes define the boundarybetween the South American andNazca Plates, which are convergingat about 80 mm/yr.
0 500 1,000
Km
Scale
1:4,840,000Scale
Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 7.5
Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag1907 01 04 0519 2.000 94.500 50 7.51935 12 28 0235 -0.345 98.147 35 7.81943 06 09 0306 -1.000 101.000 50 7.51969 11 21 0205 1.973 94.574 11 7.62004 12 26 0058 3.295 95.982 30 9.02005 03 28 1609 2.085 97.108 30 8.62007 09 12 2349 -2.625 100.841 35 7.92009 09 30 1016 -0.720 99.867 81 7.52010 04 06 2215 2.383 97.048 31 7.82010 06 12 1926 7.881 91.936 35 7.52010 10 25 1442 -3.487 100.082 20 7.82012 04 11 1043 0.773 92.452 16 8.22012 04 11 1043 0.773 92.452 16.4 8.2
EPICENTRAL REGION
1:15,000,000
1:15,000,000
EPICENTRALREGION
Depth ProfileA A'
Dep
th (k
m)
Distance (km)
Earthquakes locations are from the CentennialCatalog (1900-2003) and from NEIC (2003-present)
Northern Sumatra Earthquake 11 April 2012 8:38:37 UTC 2.348° N., 93.072° E.Depth 25 kmMw = 8.6 (USGS)
EXPLANATION
Earthquakes 1900 - 2011M 4.50 - 5.99M 6.00 - 6.99
M 7.00 - 7.99
M >= 8.00
Aftershocks
Earthquake Depth0 - 6970 - 299300 - 700
Rupture ZoneActive Volcanoes
Peak GroundAcceleration m/sec**2
.2
.4
.8
1.6
2.4
3.24.0
4.8
9.8
PAGER
DATA SOURCES
EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program
PLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007) World Slap (Hayes and Wald, 2010)
BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models
REFERENCES
Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80.
Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.
Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743.
The GEBCO_08 Grid, version 20090202, http://www.gebco.net
Hayes, Gavin, and Wald, David, 2010, Slab models for subduction zones: USGS, http://earthquakes.usgs.gov/research/data/slab
DISCLAIMER
Base map data, such as place names and politicalboundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and thereforeshould not be regarded as having official significance.
Map prepared by U.S. Geological SurveyNational Earthquake Information Center11 April 2012Map not approved for release by Director USGS
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Depth Profile Area
Northern Sumatra Earthquake 11 April 2012 10:43:09 UTC 0.773° N., 92.4522° E.Depth 16 kmMw = 8.2 (USGS)
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